Gut microbiota and other factors associated with increased T cell regulation in HIV-exposed uninfected infants

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 3, 2025

Introduction Infants exposed to HIV and uninfected (HEUs) are at higher risk of infectious morbidity than HIV-unexposed infants (HUUs). Multiple immune defects unknown origin were observed in HEUs. We hypothesized that HEUs have more regulatory inhibitory checkpoint-expressing T cells (Treg, Tici) HUUs, which may dampen their defenses against pathogens. Method used flow cytometry measure 25 Treg/Tici subsets HUUs birth, 6, 28, 62 weeks life. maternal infant gut microbiome data reported a previous study establish correlations with the Treg/Tici. Results At 3 Treg subsets, including prototypic CD4+FOXP3+ CD4+FOXP3+CD25+, had frequencies 123 117 HUUs. 28 age, 5 proportions The diverged between birth correlated differential relative abundances bacterial taxa microbiome. significantly different subsequent visits concurrent composition In vitro, treatment HUU peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) most abundant expanded recapitulating vivo correlations. Conversely, vitro HEU PBMC did not increase frequencies. Other factors increased low CD4+ male sex Discussion This shows dysbiosis central be targeted by mitigating interventions.

Language: Английский

---

Microbiome and Pregnancy Dysbiosis: A Narrative Review on Offspring Health

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 1033 - 1033

Published: March 15, 2025

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that the maternal microbiome plays a crucial role in shaping fetal neurodevelopment, immune programming, and metabolic health. Dysbiosis during pregnancy—whether gastrointestinal, oral, or vaginal—can significantly influence pregnancy outcomes long-term child Materials Methods: The search was performed using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar including research published from January 2000 to 2025. keywords used were “Fetal Programming”, “ Maternal Immune Activation”, “Maternal microbiome”, “Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis”, “Pregnancy Dysbiosis”. Results: undergoes substantial changes pregnancy, with alterations microbial diversity function linked conditions gestational diabetes, obesity, preeclampsia. Pregnancy-related dysbiosis has been associated adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD), cognitive impairments offspring. Conclusions: Understanding intricate relationship between microbiota health is essential for developing targeted interventions. Personalized microbiome-based strategies, dietary modifications probiotic supplementation, hold promise optimizing promoting

Language: Английский

---

Gut microbiota mediated regulation of vitamin B homeostasis in autism spectrum disorders

Brain Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 149661 - 149661

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Choline—An Underappreciated Component of a Mother-to-Be’s Diet

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1767 - 1767

Published: June 5, 2024

The nutritional status of the mother-to-be has a key impact on proper development fetus. Although all nutrients are important for developing baby, recent research indicates importance adequate choline intake during periconceptional period, pregnancy, and lactation. Choline plays role in biosynthesis cell membranes, supporting liver function, neurotransmission, brain development, DNA histone methylation. participates formation child’s nervous system, supports its cognitive reduces risk neural tube defects. human body is incapable producing sufficient to meet needs; therefore, it must be obtained from diet. Current data indicate that most women their reproductive years do not achieve recommended daily choline. presented narrative review educating mothers-to-be thereby increasing awareness effects maternal child health, which can lead more aware healthy pregnancy development.

Language: Английский

---

Maternal influences on offspring food allergy

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 14, 2024

Summary The prevalence of allergies has been globally escalating. While could appear at any age, they often develop in early life. However, the significant knowledge gap field is mechanisms by which affect certain people but not others. Investigating factors and events neonatal life that have a lasting impact on determining susceptibilities children to area investigation as it promotes understanding immune system mediates tolerance versus allergies. This review focuses research over recent 10 years regarding potential maternal influence offspring with view food allergy, potentially life‐threatening cause anaphylaxis. role breast milk, diet, antibodies, microbiota suggested key regulating are discussed here. We also suggest future expand our maternal–offspring interactions pathogenesis allergy.

Language: Английский

---

Regulatory T cells and their role in allergic disease

Allergy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 27, 2024

Abstract The incidence of allergic diseases has been rising over the past decades, and this troubling trend coincides with environmental changes such as shifts in diet increased antibiotic use, both which can impact our immune system. Allergic reactions occur when system overreacts to normally harmless substances, it is known that regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a major role suppression generation tolerance. However, new research suggests Tregs malfunction environments promote allergies. This review delves into Treg function, how factors influence their ability maintain homeostasis. Specifically, we explore origins cells, well mechanisms used for inflammation tissue healing, concentration on food allergies, atopic dermatitis asthma. Understanding function context changing environment crucial developing strategies prevent treat

Language: Английский

---

Calorie restriction during gestation impacts maternal and offspring fecal microbiome in mice

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Oct. 4, 2024

Background Maternal undernutrition is the most common cause of fetal growth restriction (FGR) worldwide. FGR increases morbidity and mortality during infancy, as well contributes to adult-onset diseases including obesity type 2 diabetes. The role maternal or offspring microbiome in outcomes following not understood. Methods was induced by 30% calorie (CR) second half gestation C57BL/6 mice. Pup weights were obtained on day life 0, 1, 7 ages 3, 4 16 weeks. Fecal pellets collected from pregnant dams at gestational 18.5 3 weeks age. Bacterial genomic DNA used for amplification V4 variable region 16S rRNA gene. Multivariable associations between CR taxonomic abundance assessed using MaAsLin2 package. Associations microbial taxa performed distance-based redundancy analysis Pearson correlations. Results pups weighed about 20% less than controls. Beta but alpha diversity differed control dam microbiomes. had lower relative Turicibacter , Flexispira Rikenella increased Parabacteroides Prevotella . Control microbiota beta At weeks, decreased Akkermansia Sutterella Anaerostipes Paraprevotella animals Allobaculum Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus among others, Turcibacter Dorea Roseburia Helicobacter positively associated with weight. age negatively adult Conclusions We demonstrate gut dysbiosis two timepoints restriction. Additional research needed test functional roles outcomes.

Language: Английский

---

Gut Microbiota and Other Factors Associated With Increased Regulatory T Cells in Hiv-exposed Uninfected Infants

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) have higher infectious morbidity than HIV-unexposed (HUU). HEU multiple immune defects of unknown origin. We hypothesized that regulatory T cells (Treg) HUU, which may dampen their defenses against pathogens. compared 25 Treg subsets between and HUU sought the factors affect frequencies. At birth, 3 subsets, including CD4 + FOXP3 CD25+, had frequencies in 123 117 were HUU. 28 62 weeks life, 5 HEU, none The discrepant correlated at birth with differential abundances bacterial taxas maternal gut microbiome subsequent visits infant microbiomes. In vitro, taxa most abundant expanded recapitulating vivo observations. Other increased low male sex weeks. conclude dysbiosis are central to increase be targeted by mitigating interventions.

Language: Английский

---

The roles of the gut microbiota, metabolites, and epigenetics in the effects of maternal exercise on offspring metabolism

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 327(6), P. E760 - E772

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

Metabolic diseases, including obesity, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes, have become severe challenges worldwide. The developmental origins of health disease (DOHaD) hypothesis suggests that an adverse intrauterine environment can increase the risk metabolic disorders in offspring. Studies demonstrated maternal exercise is effective intervention for improving offspring health. However, pathways through which works are unclear. It has been reported gut microbiota mediates effect on metabolism, epigenetic modifications also proposed to be important molecular mechanisms. Microbial metabolites influence epigenetics by providing substrates DNA or histone modifications, binding G-protein coupled receptors affect downstream pathways, regulating activity modifying enzymes. This review aims summarize intergenerational proposes microbiota-metabolites-epigenetic regulation mechanism improves may yield novel targets early prevention diseases.

Language: Английский

---

Short-chain fatty acids in fetal development and metabolism

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

---