New perspectives on the role of melatonin in human sleep, circadian rhythms and their regulation

British Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 175(16), P. 3190 - 3199

Published: Jan. 10, 2018

In mammals, a central circadian clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of hypothalamus, tunes innate physiological rhythms to ambient 24 h light-dark cycle invigorate and optimize internal temporal order. The SCN-activated, light-inhibited production melatonin conveys message darkness clock induces night-state functions, for example, sleep/wake blood pressure metabolism. Clinically meaningful effects treatment have been demonstrated placebo-controlled trials humans, particularly disorders associated with diminished or misaligned rhythms, rhythm-related sleep disorders, jet lag shift work, insomnia children neurodevelopmental poor (non-restorative) quality, non-dipping nocturnal (nocturnal hypertension) Alzheimer's disease (AD). at very early stages AD, role restorative value (perceived quality) its sleep-anticipating resulting attenuated activation certain brain networks are gaining new perspective as quality build-up β amyloid, precuneus, is unravelled. As result recently discovered relationship between neurodegeneration, prospects using intervention, promote healthy physical mental ageing, prime interest view emerging link aetiology disease. LINKED ARTICLES: This article part themed section on Recent Developments Research Melatonin Potential Therapeutic Applications. To other articles this visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.16/issuetoc.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin as a Hormone: New Physiological and Clinical Insights

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 39(6), P. 990 - 1028

Published: Sept. 12, 2018

Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule present in almost every live being from bacteria to humans. In vertebrates, besides produced peripheral tissues and acting as an autocrine paracrine signal, melatonin centrally synthetized by neuroendocrine organ, the pineal gland. Independently of considered species, hormone always during night its production secretory episode duration are directly dependent on length night. As tightly linked light/dark cycle, main hormonal systemic integrative action coordinate behavioral physiological adaptations environmental geophysical day season. The circadian signal daily regularity, contrast between concentrations, specially developed ways action. During episode, coordinates adaptive physiology through immediate effects primes responses prospective that will only appear at daytime, when absent. Similarly, annual history central nervous/endocrine system seasons come. Remarkably, maternal programs fetuses' behavior cope with cycle season after birth. These unique turn into biological time-domain–acting molecule. review focuses above considerations, proposes putative classification clinical dysfunctions, discusses general guidelines therapeutic use melatonin.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Probes, Chemosensors, and Nanosensors for Optical Detection of Biorelevant Molecules and Ions in Aqueous Media and Biofluids

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 122(3), P. 3459 - 3636

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

Synthetic molecular probes, chemosensors, and nanosensors used in combination with innovative assay protocols hold great potential for the development of robust, low-cost, fast-responding sensors that are applicable biofluids (urine, blood, saliva). Particularly, metabolites, neurotransmitters, drugs, inorganic ions is highly desirable due to a lack suitable biosensors. In addition, monitoring analysis metabolic signaling networks cells organisms by optical probes chemosensors becoming increasingly important biology medicine. Thus, new perspectives personalized diagnostics, theranostics, biochemical/medical research will be unlocked when standing limitations artificial binders receptors overcome. this review, we survey synthetic sensing systems have promising (future) application detection small molecules, cations, anions aqueous media biofluids. Special attention was given provide readily measurable signal through dynamic covalent chemistry, supramolecular host-guest interactions, or nanoparticles featuring plasmonic effects. This review shall also enable reader evaluate current performance terms sensitivity selectivity respect practical requirement, thereby inspiring ideas further advanced systems.

Language: Английский

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Virtual discovery of melatonin receptor ligands to modulate circadian rhythms

Nature, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 579(7800), P. 609 - 614

Published: Feb. 10, 2020

Language: Английский

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Melatonin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 105 - 125

Published: Dec. 7, 2018

Language: Английский

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Circadian Rhythm Dysregulation and Restoration: The Role of Melatonin

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 3480 - 3480

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

Sleep is an essential component of overall human health but so tightly regulated that when disrupted can cause or worsen certain ailments. An important part this process the presence well-known hormone, melatonin. This compound assists in governing sleep and circadian rhythms. Previous studies have postulated dysregulation melatonin rhythms driving force behind disorders. A computer-aided search spanning years 2015–2020 using terms melatonin, rhythm, disorder yielded 52 full text articles were analyzed. We explored mechanisms how it affects various Additionally, we examined associated therapeutic treatments including bright light therapy (BLT) exogenous forms found over past 5 years, has not been widely investigated clinical thus there remains large gaps its potential utilization as a therapy.

Language: Английский

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Circadian rhythms in neurodegenerative disorders

Nature Reviews Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 7 - 24

Published: Nov. 10, 2021

Language: Английский

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Can melatonin reduce the severity of COVID-19 pandemic?

International Reviews of Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 39(4), P. 153 - 162

Published: April 29, 2020

The current COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most devastating events in recent history. virus causes relatively minor damage to young, healthy populations, imposing life-threatening danger elderly and people with diseases chronic inflammation. Therefore, if we could reduce risk for vulnerable it would make more similar other typical outbreaks. Children don't suffer from as much their grandparents have a higher melatonin level. Bats are nocturnal animals possessing high levels melatonin, which may contribute anti-viral resistance. Viruses induce an explosion inflammatory cytokines reactive oxygen species, best natural antioxidant that lost age. programmed cell death coronaviruses cause, can result significant lung damage, also inhibited by melatonin. Coronavirus inflammation lungs requires inflammasome activity. Melatonin blocks these inflammasomes. General immunity impaired anxiety sleep deprivation. improves habits, reduces stimulates immunity. Fibrosis be dangerous complication after COVID-19. known prevent fibrosis. Mechanical ventilation necessary but yet imposes risks due oxidative stress, reduced Thus, using safe over-the-counter drug immediately able development severe disease symptoms coronavirus patients, severity symptoms, and/or immuno-pathology infection on patients' health active phase over.

Language: Английский

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Sleep and Diet: Mounting Evidence of a Cyclical Relationship

Annual Review of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 309 - 332

Published: Aug. 4, 2021

Two factors intrinsic to health are diet and sleep. These two behaviors may well influence one another. Indeed, that insufficient sleep adversely impacts dietary intakes is documented. On the other hand, via melatonin its biosynthesis from tryptophan. Experimental data exist indicating provision of specific foods rich in tryptophan or can improve quality. Whole diets fruits, vegetables, legumes, sources have been shown predict favorable outcomes. Although clinical trials needed confirm a causal impact patterns on elucidate underlying mechanisms, available illustrate cyclical relation between these lifestyle factors. We recommend adopting healthful sleep, which further promote sustained practices.

Language: Английский

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“LONG COVID”—A hypothesis for understanding the biological basis and pharmacological treatment strategy

Pharmacology Research & Perspectives, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Abstract Infection of humans with SARS‐CoV‐2 virus causes a disease known colloquially as “COVID‐19” symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia. Initial pathology is due the binding ACE‐2 protein on endothelial cells lining blood vessels and entering these in order replicate. Viral replication oxidative stress elevated levels reactive oxygen species. Many (~60%) infected people appear have eliminated their body after 28 days resume normal activity. However, significant proportion (~40%) experience variety (loss smell and/or taste, fatigue, cough, aching pain, “brain fog,” insomnia, shortness breath, tachycardia) 12 weeks are diagnosed syndrome named “LONG COVID.” Longitudinal clinical studies group subjects who were been compared non‐infected matched subjects. A cohort can be identified by battery cytokine markers persistent, low level grade inflammation often self‐report two or more troubling symptoms. There no drug that will relieve effectively. It hypothesized drugs activate intracellular transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2‐like 2 (NRF2) may increase expression enzymes synthesize antioxidant, glutathione quench free radicals causing stress. The hormone melatonin has an activator NRF2 relatively safe chemical for most ingest chronically. Thus, it option consideration re‐purposing COVID” experiencing depression, fog” but not tachycardia. Appropriately designed trials required evaluate melatonin.

Language: Английский

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