Classifying human influences on terrestrial ecosystems

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(11), P. 2273 - 2278

Published: March 4, 2021

Abstract Human activity is affecting every ecosystem on Earth, with terrestrial biodiversity decreasing rapidly. influences materialize in the form of numerous, jointly acting factors, yet experimental study such joint impacts not well developed. We identify absence a systematic ordering system factors according to their properties (traits) as an impediment progress and offer priori trait‐based factor classification illustrate this point, starting at coarsest level physical, biological or chemical nature factors. Such classifications can serve communication science, but also be used heuristic tools develop questions formulate new hypotheses, predictors effects, which we explore here. hope that one proposed here help shift spotlight multitude anthropogenic changes ecosystems, unravel great number

Language: Английский

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Soil macrofauna: Study problems and perspectives

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 108281 - 108281

Published: May 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Biotic responses to climate extremes in terrestrial ecosystems

iScience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 104559 - 104559

Published: June 9, 2022

Anthropogenic climate change is increasing the incidence of extremes. Consequences extremes on biodiversity can be highly detrimental, yet few studies also suggest beneficial effects certain organisms. To obtain a general understanding ecological responses to extremes, we present review how 16 major taxonomic/functional groups (including microorganisms, plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates) respond during extreme drought, precipitation, temperature. Most negatively events, whereas such as mosses, legumes, trees, vertebrate predators most We further highlight that recovery after challenging predict purely based or immediately By accounting for characteristics recovering species, resource availability, species interactions with neighboring competitors facilitators, mutualists, enemies, outline conceptual framework better in terrestrial ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Ecosystem type drives soil eukaryotic diversity and composition in Europe

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(19), P. 5706 - 5719

Published: July 14, 2023

Soil eukaryotes play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem functions and services, yet the factors driving their diversity distribution remain poorly understood. While many studies focus on some eukaryotic groups (mostly fungi), they are limited spatial scale. Here, we analyzed an unprecedented amount of observational data soil eukaryomes at continental scale (787 sites across Europe) to gain further insights into impact wide range environmental conditions (climatic edaphic) community composition structure. We found that fungi, protists, rotifers, tardigrades, nematodes, arthropods, annelids was predominantly shaped by type (annual permanent croplands, managed unmanaged grasslands, coniferous broadleaved woodlands), higher observed croplands than less intensively systems, such as woodlands. Also more specialized eukaryotes, while between homogeneous compared other ecosystems. The high proportion overlapping taxa ecosystems also indicates DNA has accumulated from previous land uses, hence mimicking transformations occurring Europe last decades. This strong ecosystem-type influence linked properties, particularly, pH richness annelids, plant-available phosphorus drove nematodes. Furthermore, organic carbon total nitrogen ratio crucially explained possibly decades agricultural inputs. Our results highlighted importance long-term variables rather measured time sampling shaping communities, which reinforces need include those addition future monitoring programs conservation efforts.

Language: Английский

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Soil functional biodiversity and biological quality under threat: Intensive land use outweighs climate change

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 107847 - 107847

Published: May 15, 2020

Language: Английский

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Soil biodiversity enhances the persistence of legumes under climate change

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 229(5), P. 2945 - 2956

Published: Nov. 5, 2020

Global environmental change poses threats to plant and soil biodiversity. Yet, whether biodiversity loss can further influence community's response global is still poorly understood. We created a gradient of using the dilution-to-extinction approach, investigated effects on communities during following manipulations simulating disturbances in experimental grassland microcosms. Grass herb biomass was decreased by drought promoted nitrogen deposition, fast recovery observed disturbances, independently loss. Warming disturbance only when not reduced. However, legumes suppressed these there were more detrimental with reduced Moreover, disturbances. Similar patterns found for diversity. The changes might be partly attributed mycorrhizal mutualists. Our study shows that crucial legume persistence diversity maintenance faced change, highlighting importance as potential buffering mechanism community composition grasslands.

Language: Английский

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The influence of endophytes on rice fitness under environmental stresses

Plant Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(4-5), P. 447 - 467

Published: Dec. 2, 2021

Endophytes are crucial for the promotion of rice growth and stress tolerance can be used to increase crop yield. thus exploited in biotechnology genetic engineering as eco-friendly cost-effective means development high-yielding stress-tolerant plants. Rice (Oryza sativa) is continuously subjected biotic abiotic stresses, compromising consequently The situation exacerbated by climate change impacting on ecosystems biodiversity. Genetic has been develop rice, alongside physical chemical methods mitigate effect these stresses. However, success strategies hindered short-lived field public concern adverse effects associated. limited cultivars developed through breeding or transgenic approaches due complex nature well resistance breakdown caused accelerated evolution pathogens. It therefore necessary novel acceptable enhance durable improve In last decade, plant promoting (PGP) microbes, especially endophytes, have drawn attention agricultural scientists worldwide, their ability environmental stresses crops, without causing effects. Increasing evidence indicates that endophytes effectively confer fitness benefits also under conditions. Endophyte-produced metabolites control expression stress-responsive genes physiological performance This review highlights current available PGP microbe-promoted such salinity drought ones, with special emphasis endophytes. Associated molecular mechanisms illustrated, prospects sustainable production light impending change, discussed.

Language: Английский

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Drivers and human impacts on topsoil bacterial and fungal community biogeography across Australia

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Soil microbial diversity mediates a wide range of key processes and ecosystem services influencing planetary health. Our knowledge biogeography patterns, spatial drivers human impacts at the continental scale remains limited. Here, we reveal bacterial fungal community distribution in Australian topsoils using 1384 soil samples from diverse bioregions. findings highlight that climate factors, particularly precipitation temperature, along with properties, are primary topsoil biogeography. Using random forest machine‐learning models, generated high‐resolution maps bacteria fungi across Australia. The revealed hotspots, for example, eastern coast, southeastern west coast were dominated by Proteobacteria Acidobacteria. Fungal is strongly influenced precipitation, Ascomycota dominating central region. This study also demonstrated impact modification on underground scale, which significantly increased relative abundance Ascomycota, but decreased Chloroflexi Basidiomycota. variations phyla could be attributed to distinct responses altered environmental factors after modifications. provides insights into microbiota, valuable regional biodiversity assessments monitoring global changes.

Language: Английский

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Methods and approaches to advance soil macroecology

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 29(10), P. 1674 - 1690

Published: Aug. 2, 2020

Abstract Motivation and aim Soil biodiversity is central to ecosystem function services. It represents most of terrestrial at least a quarter all on Earth. Yet, research into broad, generalizable spatial temporal patterns soil biota has been limited compared aboveground systems due complexities the system. We review literature identify key considerations necessary expand macroecology beyond recent surge global maps taxa, so that we can gain greater insight mechanisms processes shaping biodiversity. focus primarily three groups taxa (earthworms, mycorrhizal fungi bacteria) represent range body sizes ecologies, and, therefore, interact with their environment different scales. Results The soil, including fine‐scale heterogeneity, 3‐D habitat structure, difficulties taxonomic delimitation, wide‐ranging ecologies its inhabitants, require classical macroecological toolbox be expanded consider novel sampling, molecular identification, functional approaches, environmental variables, modelling techniques. Main conclusions provides complex system within which apply research, yet, it this property itself makes field ripe for innovative methodologies approaches. To achieve this, soil‐specific data, spatio‐temporal, biotic, abiotic are stages from sampling design statistical analyses. Insights whole ecosystems new approaches link genes, functions diversity across scales, alongside already applied in macroecology, invasion ecology aquatic ecology, will facilitate investigation biota, understanding between functioning ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Frontiers in soil ecology—Insights from the World Biodiversity Forum 2022

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1(4), P. 245 - 261

Published: Nov. 11, 2022

Abstract Global change is affecting soil biodiversity and functioning across all terrestrial ecosystems. Still, much unknown about how function will in the future response to simultaneous alterations climate land use, as well other environmental drivers. It crucial understand direct, indirect interactive effects of global drivers on communities ecosystems contexts, not only today but also near future. This particularly relevant for international efforts tackle like Paris Agreement, considering failure achieve 2020 targets, especially target halting degradation. Here, we outline main frontiers related ecology that were presented discussed at thematic sessions World Biodiversity Forum 2022 Davos, Switzerland. We highlight multiple knowledge associated with data integration, causal inference, scenarios, critical facets, underrepresented drivers, collaboration, application transdisciplinarity, policy public communication. These identified research priorities are immediate interest scientific community may be considered priority programmes calls funding.

Language: Английский

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