Increasing aridity causes larger and more severe forest fires across Europe

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(6), P. 1648 - 1659

Published: Dec. 14, 2022

Area burned has decreased across Europe in recent decades. This trend may, however, reverse under ongoing climate change, particularly areas not limited by fuel availability (i.e. temperate and boreal forests). Investigating a novel remote sensing dataset of 64,448 fire events that occurred between 1986 2020, we find power-law relationship maximum size area burned, indicating large fires contribute disproportionally to activity Europe. We further show robust positive correlation summer vapor pressure deficit both (R2 = .19) burn severity .12). Europe's regimes are thus highly sensitive changes future climate, with the probability for extreme more than doubling end century. Our results suggest change will challenge current management approaches could undermine ability forests provide ecosystem services society.

Language: Английский

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The use of fire to preserve biodiversity under novel fire regimes

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1924)

Published: April 1, 2025

Novel fire regimes are emerging worldwide and pose substantial challenges to biodiversity conservation. Addressing these mitigating their impacts on will require developing a wide range of management practices. In this paper, we leverage research across taxa, ecosystems continents highlight strategies for applying knowledge in First, define novel outline different practices contemporary landscapes from parts the world. Next, synthesize recent use biodiversity, provide decision-making framework conservation under regimes. We recommend that preserving should consider both social ecological factors, iterative learning informed by effective monitoring, testing new actions. An integrated approach about help navigate complexities preserve rapidly changing This article is part theme issue ‘Novel climate changes human influences: impacts, ecosystem responses feedbacks’.

Language: Английский

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Fire effects on pollination and plant reproduction: a quantitative review

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Background and Aims Fire may favour plant flowering by opening up the vegetation increasing abiotic resource availability. Increased floral display size can attract more pollinators increase absolute fruit seed production immediately after a fire. However, anthropogenic increases in fire frequency alter these responses. We aim to assess effects of on pollination reproductive success plants at global scale. Methods performed systematic literature review meta-analyses examine overall as well different parameters reproduction. also explored what extent responses vary among pollinators, vectors, regeneration strategies, compatibility systems, types biomes. Key Results Most studies were conducted fire-prone ecosystems. Overall, single fires increased reproduction but this effect was overridden recurrent fires. Floral visitation rates enhanced following wildfire, especially bee-pollinated plants. fruits or seeds not set. The benefits mostly observed wind-pollinated (graminoids), herbaceous resprouter species. Finally, positively correlated with success. Conclusions has central role sexual suggests that are probably driven resources consequent size. efficiency, measured set, does In contrast, when assessed same simultaneously, translated into due changes nature response

Language: Английский

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Adaptive forest management improves stand-level resilience of temperate forests under multiple stressors

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 948, P. 174168 - 174168

Published: June 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Two decades of arthropod biodiversity after windthrow show different dynamics of functional groups

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Abstract Windthrow disturbance is an important driver of arthropod diversity in forests. In the past, studies have mainly focused on first years after disturbance, and there are hardly any data trajectories windthrows salvage logging effects over decades. We sampled arthropods different functional groups 16 permanent plots following two windstorms (Vivian Lothar) coniferous broadleaf forests at elevations Central Europe Flight interception pitfall traps were operated during entire growing seasons three habitat types per site: unsalvaged windthrow, salvaged windthrow control forest. total, 524,115 individuals from 1666 species identified, which more than 90% occurred windthrows, including 40%–53% exclusively found windthros. Over decades, saproxylics, herbivores, pollinators, predators endangered showed significantly higher numbers abundances forests, where only 6% exclusive occurred. Arthropod communities distinct dynamics Their peaked 3 years, coined by saproxylic species, such as bark beetles, pollinating hoverflies. While declined rapidly, remained elevated for similarity between (indicating resilience) increased with time but depended elevation forest type. After 20 it reached average 50% lowland 30% high‐elevation spruce indicating lower resilience. Salvage had no significant effect overall altered composition. More 10% up to 20% latter supporting particularly towards second decade. Synthesis applications . Our study shows that causes initial boost diversity. thereafter rapidly decline, remain relatively high levels least Unsalvaged indispensable resource later wood decay stages.

Language: Английский

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Surviving in Changing Forests: Abiotic Disturbance Legacy Effects on Arthropod Communities of Temperate Forests

Current Forestry Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 189 - 218

Published: May 8, 2023

Language: Английский

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Beneficial effects of native broadleaved forests on canopy beetle diversity are not reduced by admixture of non‐native conifers

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61(5), P. 1000 - 1014

Published: March 14, 2024

Abstract Biodiversity loss and vast forest diebacks due to climate change‐induced disturbances require adapted management strategies that reconcile economic interests conservation. Tree species selection, including admixture of fast‐growing drought‐tolerant non‐native native forests, is an increasingly considered approach. However, we lack data on how such mixtures affect biodiversity, especially for the sparsely researched major above‐ground part trees, canopy. In 40 temperate plots in northwest Germany, investigated monocultures admixtures introduced conifers (native Norway spruce planted outside its natural range Douglas fir) broadleaved European beech forests abundance, biomass, taxonomic functional diversity community composition canopy beetles across trophic guilds. Diverse arthropod communities are vital contributors health resilience, therefore valuable indicators assess evaluate forestry measures. Monospecific stands fir reduced beetle abundance compared beech, exceeding negative effects spruce. These were more pronounced herbivorous beetles, while they less strong predators. Beetle monospecific had low richness. with high dissimilarity between local (turnover, i.e. beta diversity) total at landscape scale (gamma diversity). Mixtures generally mitigated conifers, shifts beech. Synthesis applications : occurrence showed undesirable as a shifted mixed specifically admixed did not reduce turnover landscape‐scale diversity. line recent studies other taxa, conclude but plantations, can potentially serve compromise conservational interests.

Language: Английский

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Change in saproxylic beetle, fungi and bacteria assemblages along horizontal and vertical gradients of sun-exposure in forest

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291, P. 110493 - 110493

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Microclimatic conditions in forests depend on canopy cover and thus differ between closed open similarly change along the vertical axis from forest floor to upper canopy. Yet, it is unknown whether this similarity microclimatic gaps provides equivalent habitats for wood-inhabiting species assemblages thus, deadwood needed maintain biodiversity. We tested question beetles, fungi bacteria, using 150 branch bundles of Picea abies, Abies alba Fagus sylvatica experimentally exposed a horizontal gradient microclimate: sun-exposed gaps, half-shaded mid at edge shaded near ground under temperate Central Europe. Variation partitioning showed that assemblage composition all taxa was predominantly determined by tree species, followed stratum beetles. Beetle mid-canopy formed distinct community compared those ground. Fungal were similar ground, while bacteria different only Our results indicate enlarge niche space saproxylic organisms. Conservation strategies should aim retaining habitat trees with as well deadwood, e.g., after disturbances,

Language: Английский

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Canopy structure influences arthropod communities within and beyond tree identity effects: Insights from combining LiDAR data, insecticidal fogging and machine learning regression modelling

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 160, P. 111901 - 111901

Published: March 1, 2024

Forest canopies host an abundant but often neglected diversity of arthropods, which requires careful attention in times ongoing biodiversity loss. Yet, how tree species composition interacts with canopy structure shaping arthropod communities remains largely unknown. Here, by combining mobile laser scanning and insecticidal fogging a machine learning algorithm, we studied architectural properties affect monospecific mixed stands broadleaved European beech the coniferous Norway spruce non-native Douglas fir Germany. Evaluating abundances ecological guild ∼ 90,000 arthropods 27 partly novel high-resolution structural variables, identified vegetation volume identity as weak predictors abundance diversity. In contrast, heterogeneity, i.e. complexity, vertical layering variability gaps—which were highest stands—were strong positive drivers. Despite this, was lower fir. Mixed had intermediate Our study shows that habitat heterogeneity species-identity are closely interlinked associated communities. Positive effects on uncoupled from resource availability, key role our intra-canopy gap indices suggests they should be considered indicators future research forest heterogeneity-diversity relationships. Broadleaf-conifer mixtures may suitable to mediate negative tree-species when adapting forests global change.

Language: Английский

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Global effects of forest modification on herpetofauna communities

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(1)

Published: Sept. 8, 2022

As the area covered by human-modified environments grows, it is increasingly important to understand responses of communities novel habitats created, especially for sensitive and threatened taxa. We aimed improve understanding major evolutionary ecological processes that shape assemblage amphibian reptile forest modifications. To this end, we compiled a global data set surveys in natural, disturbed (burned, logged), transformed (monocultures, polyspecific plantations) assess richness, phylogenetic diversity, composition those communities, as well morphological disparity among taxa between natural modified habitats. Forest transformations led diversity reduction 15.46% relative statistically nonsignificant effect disturbances. Transformations also community was 39.4% dissimilar on forests, compared with 16.1% difference Modifications did not affect (p = 0.167 0.744), found little evidence taxon-specific anthropic impacts. Monocultures plantations detrimentally affected conservation value both altered shaping these whereas forests lower impact disturbances might, some extent, serve reservoirs species. Although different mechanisms might buffer collapse herpetological preserving remaining necessary conserving face future pressures.Con el aumento del área cubierta por entornos modificados humano, cada vez es más importante entender las respuestas que tienen comunidades los nuevos hábitats creados, especialmente en taxones sensibles y amenazados. El objetivo de este estudio mejorar conocimiento sobre principales procesos evolutivos ecológicos condicionan ensamblado anfibios reptiles ante modificaciones forestales. Con fin, compilamos un conjunto datos globales censos forestales naturales, perturbadas (taladas, incendiadas) transformadas (monocultivos, plantaciones poliespecíficas) para valorar la riqueza, diversidad filogenética composición aquellas comunidades, así como disparidad morfológica entre naturales modificados. Las transformaciones llevaron una reducción relación al efecto sin significancia estadística perturbaciones. también derivaron comunitaria fue diferente bosques comparación con diferencia no afectaron 0.744) encontramos suficiente evidencia específicas taxón impactos antrópicos. Los monocultivos poliespecíficas negativamente conservación valor ecológico alteraron estas mientras menos impactados podrían, hasta cierto punto, actuar reservorios especies. Sin embargo, diferentes mecanismos pueden amortiguar colapso herpetológicas, se requiere preservar enfrentarán presiones antrópicas.随着人为改造环境的覆盖面积增加, 了解群落如何响应人类创造的新生境也越来越重要, 特别是对于敏感和受威胁的类群来说。本研究旨在进一步理解塑造两栖动物和爬行动物群落响应森林改造的主要演化及生态过程。为此, 我们编制了一个全球两栖动物和爬行动物调查数据集, 在自然、受干扰 (烧毁、砍伐) 和改造 (单一种植、多品种种植) 的森林中, 评估这些群落的丰富性、系统发育多样性和组成, 以及类群在自然和改造的森林生境之间的形态差异。结果表明, 森林改造导致生物多样性减少15.46%, 而干扰的影响在统计学上并不显著。改造后森林的群落组成与自然森林的群落组成有39.4%的差异, 而受干扰森林的差异为16.1%。此外, 森林改造并不影响群落的形态差异 0.167和0.744), 我们没有发现类群特异的对人为影响的响应。单一种植和多物种种植对两栖动物和爬行动物群落的保护和生态价值都产生了不利影响, 并改变了形成这些群落的演化过程, 而受干扰影响较小的森林在某种程度上可能成为物种的储藏库。然而, 虽然可能存在不同机制来缓冲两栖及爬行动物群落的崩溃, 但面对未来的人为压力, 保护剩余的自然森林对于保护群落仍十分必要。【翻译: 胡怡思; 审校: 聂永刚】.

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