An Overview of the Epigenetic Modifications in the Brain under Normal and Pathological Conditions

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 3881 - 3881

Published: March 30, 2024

Epigenetic changes are in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the DNA sequence. These lead establishing a so-called epigenetic code dictates which and when genes activated, thus orchestrating regulation playing central role development, health, disease. The brain, being mostly formed by cells undergo renewal process throughout life, is highly prone risk of leading neuronal death neurodegenerative disorders, mainly at late age. Here, we review main modifications have been described with particular attention on those related onset developmental anomalies or conditions and/or occurring old methylation several types histone (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, lactylation, crotonylation) major players these processes. They directly indirectly involved neurodegeneration Alzheimer's Parkinson's Therefore, this briefly describes roles mechanisms brain maturation, aging some most important factors dynamically regulating contributing changes, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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Environmental DNA Epigenetics Accurately Predicts the Age of Cultured Fish Larvae

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT While acquiring age information is crucial for efficient stock management and biodiversity conservation, traditional aging methods fail to offer a universal, non‐invasive, precise way of estimating wild animal's age. DNA methylation from tissue (tDNA) was recently proposed as method overcome these issues showed more accurate results than telomere‐length‐based assessments. Here, we used environmental (eDNA) the first time template estimation, focusing on larval phase (10–24 days post‐hatch) cultured Dicentrarchus labrax (seabass), species major economic conservation interest. Using third‐generation sequencing, were able directly detect various modification types (e.g., cytosine adenosine in all contexts) across whole genome using amplification‐free nanopore sequencing. However, sites only present mitogenome, which could be specific feature eDNA or consequence better protection within mitochondria. By considering qualitative quantitative about according an objective model selection framework, our epigenetic clock reached cross‐validated accuracy 2.6 (Median Absolute Error). Such performances are higher those previous clocks, notably adult seabass even when scaling MAE range, linked dynamic epigenome during early life stages. Overall, pilot study proposes new determine potential simultaneous assessments, although robust validation preliminary along with methodological developments needed before field applications can envisaged.

Language: Английский

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Automatic maxillary sinus segmentation and age estimation model for the northwestern Chinese Han population

BMC Oral Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Age estimation is vital in forensic science, with maxillary sinus development serving as a reliable indicator. This study developed an automatic segmentation model for identification and parameter measurement, combined regression machine learning models age estimation. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images from 292 Han individuals (ranging 5 to 53 years) were used train validate the model. Measurements included dimensions (length, width, height), inter-sinus distance, volume. using multiple linear random forest algorithms built based on these variables. The achieved high accuracy, which yielded Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.873, Intersection over Union (IoU) 0.7753, Hausdorff Distance 95% (HD95) 9.8337, Average Surface (ASD) 2.4507. performed best, mean absolute errors (MAE) 1.45 years (under 18) 3.51 (aged 18 above), providing relatively precise predictions. sinus-based promising tool estimation, particularly adults, could be enhanced by incorporating additional variables like dental dimensions.

Language: Английский

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Designing Epigenetic Clocks for Wildlife Research

Molecular Ecology Resources, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 6, 2025

ABSTRACT The applications of epigenetic clocks – statistical models that predict an individual's age based on DNA methylation patterns are expanding in wildlife conservation and management. This growing interest highlights the need for field‐specific design best practices. Here, we provide recommendations two main clocks: estimating unknown ages individuals assessing their biological ageing rates. Epigenetic were originally developed to measure rates human tissues, which presents challenges adoption research. Most notably, estimated chronological sampled can be unreliable, sampling restrictions limit number variety tissues with constructed, reducing accuracy. To address these challenges, present a detailed workflow designing, validating applying accurate clocks. Using simulations analyses applied extensive polar bear dataset from across Canadian Arctic, demonstrate constructed validated using limited samples, accommodating projects small budgets constraints. concerns critical clock design, whether researchers or third‐party service providers perform bioinformatics. With our examples, hope support accessible widespread use

Language: Английский

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Extreme longevity may be the rule not the exception in Balaenid whales

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(51)

Published: Dec. 20, 2024

We fit ongoing 40+-year mark-recapture databases from the thriving southern right whale (SRW), Eubalaena australis , and highly endangered North Atlantic (NARW), glacialis to candidate survival models estimate their life spans. Median span for SRW was 73.4 years, with 10% of individuals surviving past 131.8 years. NARW spans were likely anthropogenically shortened, a median just 22.3 living 47.2 In context extreme longevity recently documented in other species, we suggest that all balaenid perhaps most great whales have an unrecognized potential has been masked by demographic disruptions industrial whaling. This profound implication basic biology conservation whales.

Language: Английский

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Dataset generated in a systematic review and meta-analysis of biological clocks as age estimation markers in animal ecology

Data in Brief, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 51, P. 109615 - 109615

Published: Sept. 25, 2023

The dataset comprises a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the utility of biological clocks as age estimation markers in context animal ecology. adhered to PRISMA guidelines employed optimized Boolean search strings retrieve relevant studies from Scopus Dimensions databases. A total 78 methylation 108 telomere were included after rigorous screening. Effect sizes computed, statistical transformations applied when necessary, ensuring compatibility for meta-analysis. Data these meticulously collected, encompassing measures, study attributes, additional information. several folders, carefully organized facilitate access understanding. It contains raw processed data used meta-analysis, including strings, database results, citation network analysis data, statements, extracted input Each folder's contents are described detail, clarity reusability. This aggregates primary research spanning diverse ecosystems taxa, providing valuable resource researchers, biodiversity managers policymakers. offers wealth information potential researchers studying ecology, serving robust foundation future investigations reviews this evolving field.

Language: Английский

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Methylation‐based markers for the estimation of age in African cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus

Molecular Ecology Resources, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(4)

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Abstract Age is a key demographic in conservation where age classes show differences important population metrics such as morbidity and mortality. Several traits, including reproductive potential, also senescence with ageing. Thus, the ability to estimate of individuals critical understanding current structure well their future fitness. Many methods exist determine wildlife, most using morphological features that inherent variability age. These require significant expertise become less accurate adult classes, often groups model. Molecular have been applied measuring attributes, more recently epigenetic attributes methylation explored biomarkers for There are, however, several factors permits, sample sovereignty, costs may preclude use extant context. This study utility age‐related changes candidate genes mass array technology. Novel are described gene orthologues identify assay regions differential methylation. To illustrate potential application, African cheetah was used case study. Correlation analyses identified six sites an relationship, develop model sufficient predictive power contexts. than previous attempts PCR performed similarly studies other mammal species. Mass presents cost‐effective method estimation wildlife concern.

Language: Английский

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Protection of the genome and the central exome by peripheral non‐coding DNA against DNA damage in health, ageing and age‐related diseases

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 26, 2024

ABSTRACT DNA in eukaryotic genomes is under constant assault from both exogenous and endogenous sources, leading to damage, which considered a major molecular driver of ageing. Fortunately, the genome central exome are safeguarded against these attacks by abundant peripheral non‐coding DNA. Non‐coding codes for small RNAs that inactivate foreign nucleic acids cytoplasm physically blocks nucleus. Damage produced during such blockage removed form extrachromosomal circular (eccDNA) through pore complexes. Consequently, serves as line defence damage. The total amount DNA/heterochromatin declines with age, resulting decrease physical eccDNA exclusion, thus an increase accumulation damage nucleus ageing age‐related diseases. Here, we summarize recent evidence supporting protective role healthy pathological states argue proximate cause genetic Strategies aimed at strengthening could potentially offer better systematic protection dynamic diverse assaults, reduce burden exome, slow ageing, counteract diseases promote healthier life individuals.

Language: Английский

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Recent advancements in meat traceability, authenticity verification, and voluntary certification systems

Italian Journal of Food Safety, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 15, 2024

The growing demand for transparency in the food industry has led to significant advancements meat traceability. Ensuring authenticity and origin of products is critical consumer trust, public health, compliance with regulations. This paper reviews recent innovations traceability, a focus on blockchain technology as novel approach ensuring Additionally, advanced methods verifying origin, such isotope fingerprinting, DNA analysis, spectroscopic methods, are discussed. role voluntary certification schemes enhancing traceability verification also explored. findings highlight importance integrating cutting-edge technologies build robust transparent supply chain.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic Modifications and Their Relevance in the Normal and Pathological Brain

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

Epigenetic changes are in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the basic DNA sequence. These lead establishing a so-called epigenetic code dictates which and when genes activated, thus orchestrating regulation playing central role development, health, disease. The brain, being for most formed by cells undergo renewal process through life, is highly prone risk of leading neuronal death neurodegenerative disorders, mainly at late age. Here we review main modifications have been described with particular attention those related onset developmental anomalies or conditions and/or occurring old methylation several types histone (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, lactylation, crotonylation) major players these processes. They directly indirectly involved neurodegeneration Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s Therefore, this briefly describes mechanisms brain maturation, aging some important factors dynamically regulating contributing such as oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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