Microbial Dysbiosis: Rethinking Disease in Marine Ecosystems

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: June 21, 2016

With growing environmental pressures placed on our marine habitats there is concern that the prevalence and severity of diseases affecting organisms will increase. Yet relative to terrestrial systems, we know little about underlying causes many these diseases. Moreover, factors such as saprophytic colonizers a lack baseline data healthy individuals make it difficult accurately assess role specific microbial pathogens in disease states. Emerging evidence field medicine suggests number human result from microbiome imbalance (or dysbiosis), questioning traditional view singular pathogenic agent. Here discuss possibility seen systems are, similarly, dysbiosis rise opportunistic or polymicrobial infections. Thus, understanding managing future require us also rethink definitions pathogenesis for systems. We suggest targeted, multidisciplinary approach addresses questions symbiosis both diseased states, at level holobiont, be key progress this area.

Language: Английский

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Interplay between the lung microbiome and lung cancer

Cancer Letters, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 415, P. 40 - 48

Published: Dec. 2, 2017

Language: Английский

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Review article: the human intestinal virome in health and disease

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 46(9), P. 800 - 815

Published: Sept. 4, 2017

Summary Background The human virome consists of animal‐cell viruses causing transient infections, bacteriophage (phage) predators bacteria and archaea, endogenous retroviruses persistent latent infections. High‐throughput, inexpensive, sensitive sequencing methods metagenomics now make it possible to study the contribution dsDNA, ssDNA RNA virus‐like particles virome, in particular intestinal virome. Aim To review evaluate pioneering studies that have attempted characterise generated an increased interest understanding how might contribute maintaining health, pathogenesis chronic diseases. Methods Relevant virome‐related articles were selected for following extensive language‐ date‐unrestricted, electronic searches literature. Results is personalised stable, dominated by phages. It develops soon after birth parallel with prokaryotic communities microbiota, becoming established during first few years life. By infecting specific populations bacteria, phages can alter microbiota structure killing host cells or altering their phenotype, enabling homeostasis microbial imbalance (dysbiosis), development infectious autoimmune diseases including HIV infection Crohn's disease, respectively. Conclusions Our fragmented requires standardised virus isolation provide a more complete picture which key explaining basis virome‐disease associations, enteric disease aetiologies be rationalised as targets interventions.

Language: Английский

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A High-Throughput Organoid Microinjection Platform to Study Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Luminal Physiology

Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6(3), P. 301 - 319

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

The human gut microbiota is becoming increasingly recognized as a key factor in homeostasis and disease. lack of physiologically relevant vitro models to investigate host-microbe interactions considered substantial bottleneck for research. Organoids represent an attractive model system because they are derived from primary tissues embody properties the native lumen; however, access organoid lumen experimental perturbation challenging. Here, we report development validation high-throughput microinjection cargo delivery high-content sampling.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Lipids in Parkinson’s Disease

Cells, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 27 - 27

Published: Jan. 7, 2019

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons from the nigrostriatal pathway, formation Lewy bodies, and microgliosis. During past decades multiple cellular pathways have been associated with PD pathology (i.e., oxidative stress, endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum immune response), yet disease-modifying treatments are not available. We recently used genetic data familial sporadic cases in an unbiased approach to build molecular landscape for PD, revealing lipids as central players this disease. Here we extensively review current knowledge concerning involvement various subclasses fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols, lipoproteins pathogenesis. Our corroborates role most lipid classes, but available information fragmented, always reproducible, sometimes differs sex, age or etiology patients. This hinders drawing firm conclusions about causal associative effects dietary defects specific steps metabolism PD. Future technological advances lipidomics additional systematic studies on species patient material may improve situation lead better appreciation significance devastating

Language: Английский

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