International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(18), P. 9778 - 9778
Published: Sept. 10, 2024
Like
most
tumors,
glioblastoma
multiforme
(GBM),
the
deadliest
brain
tumor
in
human
adulthood,
releases
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs).
Their
content,
reflecting
that
of
origin,
can
be
donated
to
nearby
and
distant
cells
which,
by
acquiring
it,
become
more
aggressive.
Therefore,
study
EV-transported
molecules
has
very
important.
Particular
attention
been
paid
EV
proteins
uncover
new
GBM
biomarkers
potential
druggable
targets.
Proteomic
studies
have
mainly
performed
“bottom-up”
mass
spectrometry
(MS)
analysis
EVs
isolated
different
procedures
from
conditioned
media
cultured
biological
fluids
patients.
Although
a
great
number
dysregulated
identified,
translation
these
findings
into
clinics
remains
elusive,
probably
due
multiple
factors,
including
lack
standardized
for
isolation/characterization
their
proteome.
Thus,
it
is
time
change
research
strategies
adopting,
addition
harmonized
selection
techniques,
MS
methods
aimed
at
identifying
selected
tumoral
protein
mutations
and/or
isoforms
post-translational
modifications,
which
deeply
influence
behavior.
Hopefully,
data
integrated
with
those
other
“omics”
disciplines
will
lead
discovery
pathways
novel
therapies.
Abstract
Background
Exosomes
are
vesicles
secreted
by
all
types
of
mammalian
cells.
They
characterized
a
double‐layered
lipid
membrane
structure.
serve
as
carriers
for
plethora
signal
molecules,
including
DNA,
RNA,
proteins,
and
lipids.
Their
unique
capability
effortlessly
crossing
the
blood–brain
barrier
underscores
their
critical
role
in
progression
various
neurological
disorders.
This
includes,
but
is
not
limited
to,
diseases
such
Alzheimer's,
Parkinson's,
ischemic
stroke.
Establishing
stable
mature
methods
isolating
exosomes
prerequisite
study
biomedical
significance.
The
extraction
technologies
include
differential
centrifugation,
density
gradient
size
exclusion
chromatography,
ultrafiltration,
polymer
coprecipitation,
immunoaffinity
capture,
microfluidic,
so
forth.
Each
technology
has
its
own
advantages
disadvantages,
standards
have
been
unified
internationally.
Aims
review
aimed
to
showcase
recent
advancements
exosome
isolation
techniques
thoroughly
compare
disadvantages
different
methods.
Furthermore,
significant
research
progress
made
using
diagnosing
treating
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
emphasized.
Conclusion
varying
result
differences
concentration,
purity,
exosomes.
efficient
separation
facilitates
widespread
application,
particularly
diagnosis
treatment
CNS
diseases.
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: July 22, 2024
Abstract
Stroke
is
a
leading
cause
of
mortality
and
long-term
disability
globally,
with
acute
ischemic
stroke
(AIS)
being
the
most
common
subtype.
Despite
significant
advances
in
reperfusion
therapies,
their
limited
time
window
associated
risks
underscore
necessity
for
novel
treatment
strategies.
Stem
cell-derived
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
have
emerged
as
promising
therapeutic
approach
due
to
ability
modulate
post-stroke
microenvironment
facilitate
neuroprotection
neurorestoration.
This
review
synthesizes
current
research
on
potential
stem
EVs
AIS,
focusing
origin,
biogenesis,
mechanisms
action,
strategies
enhancing
targeting
capacity
efficacy.
Additionally,
we
explore
innovative
combination
therapies
discuss
both
challenges
prospects
EV-based
treatments.
Our
findings
reveal
that
exhibit
diverse
effects
such
promoting
neuronal
survival,
diminishing
neuroinflammation,
protecting
blood-brain
barrier,
angiogenesis
neurogenesis.
Various
strategies,
including
modifications
cargo
modifications,
been
developed
improve
efficacy
EVs.
Combining
other
treatments,
therapy,
cell
transplantation,
nanomedicine,
gut
microbiome
modulation,
holds
great
promise
improving
outcomes.
However,
heterogeneity
need
standardized
protocols
EV
production
quality
control
remain
be
addressed.
represent
avenue
offering
address
limitations
Further
needed
optimize
translate
benefits
clinical
practice,
an
emphasis
ensuring
safety,
overcoming
regulatory
hurdles,
specificity
delivery
target
tissues.
Graphical
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: April 18, 2024
Degenerative
orthopaedic
diseases
pose
a
notable
worldwide
public
health
issue
attributable
to
the
global
aging
population.
Conventional
medical
approaches,
encompassing
physical
therapy,
pharmaceutical
interventions,
and
surgical
methods,
face
obstacles
in
halting
or
reversing
degenerative
process.
In
recent
times,
exosome-based
therapy
has
gained
widespread
acceptance
popularity
as
an
effective
treatment
for
diseases.
This
therapeutic
approach
holds
potential
"cell-free"
tissue
regeneration.
Exosomes,
membranous
vesicles
resulting
from
fusion
of
intracellular
multivesicles
with
cell
membrane,
are
released
into
extracellular
matrix.
Addressing
challenges
such
rapid
elimination
natural
exosomes
vivo
limitation
drug
concentration
can
be
effectively
achieved
through
various
strategies,
including
engineering
modification,
gene
overexpression
biomaterial
binding.
review
provides
concise
overview
source,
classification,
preparation
methods
exosomes,
followed
by
in-depth
analysis
their
functions
applications.
Furthermore,
explores
strategies
utilizing
diseases,
overexpression,
The
primary
objective
is
provide
fresh
viewpoint
on
utilization
addressing
bone
conditions
support
practical
application
theranosis
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Abstract
As
functional
derivatives
of
mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs),
small
extracellular
vesicles
(sEVs)
have
garnered
significant
attention
and
application
in
regenerative
medicine.
However,
the
technical
limitations
for
large‐scale
isolation
sEVs
their
heterogeneous
nature
added
complexity
to
applications.
It
remains
unclear
if
represent
different
aspects
MSCs
functions.
Here,
we
provide
a
method
production
subpopulations
derived
from
human
umbilical
cord
(HucMSCs),
utilizing
tangential
flow
filtration
combined
with
size
exclusion
chromatography.
The
resulting
subpopulations,
S1‐sEVs
S2‐sEVs,
exhibited
stable
variations
size,
membrane‐marked
proteins,
carrying
cargos,
thereby
displaying
distinct
functions
both
vitro
animal
disease
models.
S1‐sEVs,
that
highly
expressed
CD9,
HRS
GPC1,
demonstrated
greater
immunomodulatory
impact,
while
S2‐sEVs
enriched
expression
CD63
FLOT1/2
possessed
enhanced
capacities
promoting
cell
proliferation
angiogenesis.
These
discrepancies
are
attributed
specific
proteins
miRNAs
they
contain.
Further
investigation
revealed
two
corresponded
biological
processes:
ESCRT
pathway
(S1‐sEVs)
ESCRT‐independent
represented
by
lipid
rafts
(S2‐sEVs).
Therefore,
propose
potential
purification
HucMSCs
This
approach
may
advantages
targeted
therapeutic
interventions
various
MSC
indications.
Non-coding RNA Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
12, P. 102 - 115
Published: March 4, 2025
As
the
earliest
aging
organ
in
reproductive
system,
ovary
has
both
and
endocrine
functions,
which
are
closely
related
to
overall
female
health.
The
exact
pathogenesis
of
ovarian
(OA)
remains
incompletely
understood,
with
granulosa
cells
(GCs)
dysfunction
playing
a
significant
role
this
process.
Recent
advancements
research
biotechnology
have
highlighted
importance
non-coding
RNAs
(ncRNAs),
including
micro
RNAs,
long
circular
regulating
biological
functions
GCs
through
gene
expression
modulation.
This
paper
provides
comprehensive
overview
ncRNAs
various
cellular
such
as
apoptosis,
autophagy,
proliferation,
steroid
synthesis
GCs,
explores
underlying
regulatory
mechanisms.
Additionally,
therapeutic
potential
ncRNAs,
particularly
those
carried
by
exosomes
derived
from
mesenchymal
stem
cells,
delaying
OA
is
discussed.
Understanding
mechanisms
GC
function
current
progress
field
crucial
for
identifying
effective
biomarkers
targets,
ultimately
aiding
early
diagnosis,
prognostic
assessment,
individualized
treatment
OA.
