Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: April 10, 2024
Type
2
diabetes
presents
a
significant
global
health
burden
and
is
frequently
linked
to
serious
clinical
complications,
including
diabetic
cardiomyopathy,
nephropathy,
retinopathy.
Astragalus
polysaccharide
(APS),
extracted
from
BioMed Research International,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
2021, P. 1 - 17
Published: July 8, 2021
Diabetic
nephropathy
(DN)
is
the
leading
cause
of
end-stage
renal
disease
worldwide.
Chronic
hyperglycemia
and
high
blood
pressure
are
main
risk
factors
for
development
DN.
In
general,
screening
microalbuminuria
should
be
performed
annually,
starting
5
years
after
diagnosis
in
type
1
diabetes
at
annually
thereafter
2
diabetes.
Standard
therapy
glucose
control
using
renin-angiotensin
system
blockade,
targeting
,
<130/80
mmHg.
Regression
albuminuria
remains
an
important
therapeutic
goal.
However,
there
problems
treatment
nonproteinuric
DN
(NP-DN),
which
does
not
follow
classic
pattern
fact,
prevalence
continues
to
increase,
additional
needed
prevent
or
ameliorate
condition.
addition
conventional
therapies,
vitamin
D
receptor
activators,
incretin-related
drugs,
therapies
that
target
inflammation
may
also
promising
prevention
progression.
This
review
focuses
on
role
oxidative
stress
pathogenesis
DN,
approaches
NP-DN,
current
emerging
interventions.
Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
18(6)
Published: Nov. 1, 2021
Type
2
diabetes
mellitus
is
a
pathology
of
heterogeneous
etiology
characterized
by
hyperglycemia
resulting
from
lack
insulin
action,
secretion,
or
both,
and
the
population
with
predicted
to
be
about
439
million
worldwide
2030.
Prolong
has
been
related
microvascular
complications
especially
diabetic
nephropathy.
DN
most
common
complication
type
mellitus,
it
leading
cause
end-stage
renal
disease
worldwide.
It
crucial
diagnose
patients
who
are
more
sensible
develop
for
better
control
process
disease.
Several
factors
mechanisms
contribute
development
outcome
Microalbuminuria
an
early
marker
use
as
routine
screening,
but
damages
may
happening
even
without
microalbuminuria.
There
several
significant
kidney
damage
biomarkers
which
helps
in
detection
DN.
An
biomarker
allow
earlier
diagnosis,
treatment
reduces
prevalence
slows
progression.
Therefore,
this
review
focuses
on
laboratory
that
earlier,
validation
specific
could
potentially
make
possible
treatment,
retardation
progression
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: July 21, 2023
Diabetic
nephropathy
(DN)
often
leads
to
end-stage
renal
disease.
Oxidative
stress
demonstrates
a
crucial
act
in
the
onset
and
progression
of
DN,
which
triggers
various
pathological
processes
while
promoting
activation
inflammation
forming
vicious
oxidative
stress-inflammation
cycle
that
induces
podocyte
injury,
extracellular
matrix
accumulation,
glomerulosclerosis,
epithelial-mesenchymal
transition,
tubular
atrophy,
proteinuria.
Conventional
treatments
for
DN
have
limited
efficacy.
Polyphenols,
as
antioxidants,
are
widely
used
with
multiple
targets
fewer
adverse
effects.
This
review
reveals
stress-associated
led
damage
cells,
including
podocytes,
endothelial
mesangial
epithelial
cells.
It
potent
antioxidant
anti-inflammatory
properties
by
targeting
Nrf2,
SIRT1,
HMGB1,
NF-κB,
NLRP3
polyphenols,
quercetin,
resveratrol,
curcumin,
phenolic
acid.
However,
there
remains
long
way
comprehensive
understanding
molecular
mechanisms
applications
clinical
therapy
polyphenols.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: Aug. 15, 2022
Diabetic
nephropathy
(DN)
is
a
chronic,
inflammatory
disease
affecting
millions
of
diabetic
patients
worldwide.
DN
associated
with
proteinuria
and
progressive
slowing
glomerular
filtration,
which
often
leads
to
end-stage
kidney
diseases.
Due
the
complexity
this
metabolic
disorder
lack
clarity
about
its
pathogenesis,
it
more
difficult
diagnose
treat
than
other
Recent
studies
have
highlighted
that
immune
system
can
inadvertently
contribute
pathogenesis.
Cells
involved
in
innate
adaptive
responses
target
due
increased
expression
immune-related
localization
factors.
Immune
cells
then
activate
pro-inflammatory
response
involving
release
autocrine
paracrine
factors,
further
amplify
inflammation
damage
kidney.
Consequently,
strategies
by
targeting
are
currently
under
study.
In
light
steady
rise
incidence,
timely
review
summarizes
latest
findings
role
pathogenesis
discusses
promising
preclinical
clinical
therapies.
Frontiers in Nutrition,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: May 31, 2023
The
prevalence
of
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
is
increasing
every
year.
Medications
are
currently
the
most
common
therapy
for
T2DM.
However,
these
medications
have
certain
adverse
effects.
In
order
to
find
safe
and
effective
ways
improve
this
disease,
researchers
discovered
that
some
natural
products
can
decrease
blood
sugar.
Flavonoids
one
essential
low
molecular
weight
phenolic
chemicals
in
plant
world,
which
widely
exist
roots,
stems,
leaves,
flowers,
fruits.
They
possess
a
variety
biological
activities,
including
organ
protection,
hypoglycemic,
lipid-lowering,
anti-oxidative
anti-inflammatory
Some
flavonoids
ameliorate
T2DM
its
complications
through
anti-oxidation,
action,
glucose
lipid
metabolism
regulation,
insulin
resistance
management,
etc.
Hence,
review
aims
at
demonstrating
potential
benefits
complications.
This
laid
foundation
development
novel
hypoglycemic
from
flavonoids.
International Journal of Biological Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
19(9), P. 2678 - 2694
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Diabetic
kidney
disease
(DKD)
is
one
of
the
most
common
and
severe
microvascular
complications
diabetes
mellitus
(DM),
has
become
leading
cause
end-stage
renal
(ESRD)
worldwide.Although
exact
pathogenic
mechanism
DKD
still
unclear,
programmed
cell
death
been
demonstrated
to
participate
in
occurrence
development
diabetic
injury,
including
ferroptosis.Ferroptosis,
an
iron-dependent
form
driven
by
lipid
peroxidation,
identified
play
a
vital
role
therapeutic
responses
variety
diseases,
such
as
acute
injury
(AKI),
carcinoma
DKD.In
past
two
years,
ferroptosis
well
investigated
patients
animal
models,
but
specific
mechanisms
effects
have
not
fully
revealed.Herein,
we
reviewed
regulatory
ferroptosis,
summarized
recent
findings
associated
with
involvement
DKD,
discussed
potential
promising
target
for
treatment,
thereby
providing
valuable
reference
basic
study
clinical
therapy
DKD.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
168, P. 115670 - 115670
Published: Oct. 13, 2023
Diabetic
nephropathy
(DN)
is
a
severe
complication
of
diabetes
mellitus,
posing
significant
challenges
in
terms
early
prevention,
clinical
diagnosis,
and
treatment.
Consequently,
it
has
emerged
as
major
contributor
to
end-stage
renal
disease.
The
glomerular
filtration
barrier,
composed
podocytes,
endothelial
cells,
the
basement
membrane,
plays
vital
role
maintaining
function.
Disruptions
podocyte
function,
including
hypertrophy,
shedding,
reduced
density,
apoptosis,
can
impair
integrity
resulting
elevated
proteinuria,
abnormal
rate,
increased
creatinine
levels.
Hence,
recent
research
increasingly
focused
on
injury
DN,
with
growing
emphasis
exploring
therapeutic
interventions
targeting
injury.
Studies
have
revealed
that
factors
such
lipotoxicity,
hemodynamic
abnormalities,
oxidative
stress,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
impaired
autophagy
contribute
This
review
aims
summarize
underlying
mechanisms
DN
provide
an
overview
current
status
regarding
experimental
drugs
DN.
findings
presented
herein
may
offer
potential
targets
strategies
for
management
associated
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
81(1)
Published: Jan. 11, 2024
Abstract
The
functional
and
structural
changes
in
the
proximal
tubule
play
an
important
role
occurrence
development
of
diabetic
kidney
disease
(DKD).
Diabetes-induced
metabolic
changes,
including
lipid
metabolism
reprogramming,
are
reported
to
lead
state
tubular
epithelial
cells
(TECs),
among
all
disturbances
metabolism,
mitochondria
serve
as
central
regulators.
Mitochondrial
dysfunction,
accompanied
by
increased
production
mitochondrial
reactive
oxygen
species
(mtROS),
is
considered
one
primary
factors
causing
injury.
Most
studies
have
discussed
how
altered
flux
drives
oxidative
stress
during
DKD.
In
present
study,
we
focused
on
targeting
damage
upstream
factor
abnormalities
under
conditions
TECs.
Using
SS31,
a
tetrapeptide
that
protects
cristae
structure,
demonstrated
contributes
TEC
injury
peroxidation
caused
accumulation.
Mitochondria
protected
using
SS31
significantly
reversed
decreased
expression
key
enzymes
regulators
fatty
acid
oxidation
(FAO),
but
had
no
obvious
effect
major
glucose
rate-limiting
enzymes.
facilitated
renal
Sphingosine-1-phosphate
(S1P)
deposition
limited
elevated
Acer1,
S1pr1
SPHK1
activity,
Spns2
expression.
These
data
suggest
unbalanced
droplet
(LD)
formulation,
peroxidation,
impaired
FAO
sphingolipid
homeostasis
An
vitro
study
high
drove
cytosolic
phospholipase
A2
(cPLA2),
which,
turn,
was
responsible
for
LD
generation
S1P
accumulation,
HK-2
cells.
A
mitochondria-targeted
antioxidant
inhibited
activation
cPLA2f
isoforms.
Taken
together,
these
findings
identify
mechanistic
links
between
reprogrammed
TECs,
provide
further
evidence
nephroprotective
effects
via
influencing
pathways.
MedComm,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(4)
Published: April 1, 2024
Abstract
At
present,
diabetes
mellitus
(DM)
has
been
one
of
the
most
endangering
healthy
diseases.
Current
therapies
contain
controlling
high
blood
sugar,
reducing
risk
factors
like
obesity,
hypertension,
and
so
on;
however,
DM
patients
inevitably
eventually
progress
into
different
types
complications,
resulting
in
poor
quality
life.
Unfortunately,
clear
etiology
pathogenesis
complications
have
not
elucidated
owing
to
intricate
whole‐body
systems.
The
immune
system
was
responsible
regulate
homeostasis
by
triggering
or
resolving
inflammatory
response,
indicating
it
may
be
necessary
complications.
In
fact,
previous
studies
shown
inflammation
plays
multifunctional
roles
is
attracting
attention
meaningful
therapeutic
strategy.
To
this
end,
review
systematically
concluded
current
over
relationships
susceptible
(e.g.,
diabetic
cardiomyopathy,
retinopathy,
peripheral
neuropathy,
nephropathy)
inflammation,
ranging
from
cell
cytokines
interaction
pathomechanism
organ
injury.
Besides,
we
also
summarized
various
strategies
improve
target
special
remedies
conventional
lifestyle
changes.
This
will
offer
a
panoramic
insight
mechanisms
an
perspective
discuss
contemporary
clinical
interventions.