Immune cell-mediated features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(7), P. 429 - 443

Published: Nov. 5, 2021

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a range of hepatic manifestations, starting with steatosis and potentially evolving towards non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is major health burden, its incidence increasing worldwide. Although it primarily disturbed metabolism, involves several immune cell-mediated inflammatory processes, particularly when reaching the stage NASH, at which point inflammation becomes integral to progression disease. The cell landscape diverse steady state further evolves during NASH direct consequences for severity. In this Review, we discuss current concepts related role cells in onset NASH. A better understanding mechanisms by contribute pathogenesis should aid design innovative drugs target therapeutic options are limited. (NASH) serious chronic disorder prevalence Metabolic nature, also mobilizes system. Here, Huby Gautier knowledge regarding how subsets affect progression.

Language: Английский

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FUNDC1 insufficiency sensitizes high fat diet intake-induced cardiac remodeling and contractile anomaly through ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 122, P. 154840 - 154840

Published: July 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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Emerging Role of GLP-1 Agonists in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review of Randomised Controlled Trials

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(13), P. 10449 - 10449

Published: June 21, 2023

Obesity is a chronic disease with high prevalence and associated comorbidities, making it growing global concern. These comorbidities include type 2 diabetes, hypertension, ventilatory dysfunction, arthrosis, venous lymphatic circulation diseases, depression, others, which have negative impact on health increase morbidity mortality. GLP-1 agonists, used to treat been shown be effective in promoting weight loss preclinical clinical studies. This review summarizes numerous studies conducted the main drugs agonists class, outlining maximum achievable loss. Our aim emphasize active role outcomes of loss, as well improving hyperglycemia, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, cardio–metabolic, renal protection. We highlight pleiotropic effects these medications, along their indications, contraindications, precautions for both diabetic non-diabetic patients, based long-term follow-up

Language: Английский

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Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Persons with Obesity and Knee Osteoarthritis

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 391(17), P. 1573 - 1583

Published: Oct. 30, 2024

BackgroundWeight reduction has been shown to alleviate symptoms of osteoarthritis the knee, including pain. The effect glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on outcomes in knee among persons with obesity not well studied.MethodsWe conducted a 68-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial at 61 sites 11 countries. Participants (a body-mass index [BMI; weight kilograms divided by square height meters] ≥30) and clinical radiologic diagnosis moderate least pain were randomly assigned, 2:1 ratio, receive once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (2.4 mg) or placebo, addition counseling physical activity reduced-calorie diet. primary end points percentage change body Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score (on scale 0 100, higher scores reflecting worse outcomes) from baseline week 68. A key confirmatory secondary point was physical-function 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), version 2 indicating greater well-being).Download PDF Plain Language Summary.ResultsA total 407 participants enrolled. mean age 56 years, BMI 40.3, WOMAC 70.9. 81.6% women. 68 −13.7% −3.2% placebo (P<0.001). −41.7 −27.5 group had improvement SF-36 than those (mean change, 12.0 vs. 6.5 points; P<0.001). incidence serious adverse events similar two groups. Adverse that led permanent discontinuation regimen occurred 6.7% 3.0% group, gastrointestinal disorders being most common reason for discontinuation.ConclusionsAmong moderate-to-severe pain, treatment injectable resulted significantly reductions related placebo. (Funded Novo Nordisk; STEP 9 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05064735.) Quick Take Semaglutide Obesity Knee 2m 27s

Language: Английский

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The Potential of Edible Insects as a Safe, Palatable, and Sustainable Food Source in the European Union

Foods, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 387 - 387

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Entomophagy describes the practice of eating insects. Insects are considered extremely nutritious in many countries worldwide. However, there is a lethargic uptake this Europe where consuming insects and insect-based foodstuffs often regarded with disgust. Such perceptions concerns due to lack exposure availability food-grade as food source driven by neophobia cultural norms. In recent years, accelerating climate change, an urgency develop alternate safe sustainable food-sources has emerged. There currently over 2000 species approved World Health Organization eat suitable for human consumption. This review article provides updated overview potential edible safe, palatable, source. Furthermore, legislation, safety issues, nutritional composition invertebrates including, but not limited, crickets (Orthoptera) mealworms (Coleoptera) also explored within review. discusses insect farming methods upscaling industry regard future prospects Finally, topics addressed areas concern current consumers

Language: Английский

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Self‐Assembled Oligopeptoplex‐Loaded Dissolving Microneedles for Adipocyte‐Targeted Anti‐Obesity Gene Therapy

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(16)

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Abstract Advancements in gene delivery systems are pivotal for gene‐based therapeutics oncological, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. This study delineates the design of a self‐assembled oligopeptoplex (SA‐OP) optimized shRNA to adipocytes, targeting obesity associated metabolic syndromes. Conventional face challenges, including instability due electrostatic interactions between genetic materials cationic oligopeptides. Additionally, repeated injections induce discomfort compromise patient well‐being. To circumvent these issues, dissolvable hyaluronic acid‐based, self‐locking microneedle (LMN) patch is developed, with improved micro‐dose efficiency, precise SA‐OP delivery. platform offers pain‐free administration storage stability. In vitro studies 3T3‐L1 cells demonstrated improvements preservation silencing efficacy. vivo evaluation mice model diet‐induced type 2 diabetes yielded significant adipose tissue 21.92 ± 2.51% reduction body weight minimum relapse risk at 6‐weeks post‐treatment, representing superior therapeutic efficacy truncated timeframe relative GLP‐1 analogues currently available on market. mitigated insulin resistance, inflammation, hepatic steatosis. These findings establish as robust, minimally invasive transdermal prolonged stability treating its comorbidities.

Language: Английский

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Managing cardiovascular events, hyperglycemia, and obesity in type 2 diabetes through microRNA regulation linked to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is usually complicated by cardiovascular diseases, hyperglycemia, and obesity, which worsen the outcome for patient. Since recent evidence underlines epigenetic role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in management these comorbidities, this study compared effects agents, namely liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, on miRNA regulation T2DM. GLP-1RAs modify expression miRNAs involved endothelial function, sugar metabolism, adipogenesis, including but not limited to miR-27b, miR-130a, miR-210. Baseline miR-15a-5p predict weight loss, while higher miR-378-3p miR-126-3p levels are related better glycemic control lower HbA1c FPG at one year post-treatment. miR-375-5p was also reported as a predictor levels. Liraglutide has protecting effect against pancreatic β-cell apoptosis downregulating miR-139-5p. The highly-expressed miR-375 islets can be considered biomarker assessing cytoprotective action β-cells. enhance responsiveness promoting GLP-1 through suppression miR-204. While dulaglutide reduce both systolic diastolic blood pressures, lixisenatide exenatide QW did reveal such an effect. long-acting exenatide-induced miR-29b-3p required protection diabetic cardiomyopathy. modulates critical regulators cell function atherosclerosis, miR-93-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-181a-5p. Eventually, exosomal miRNAs, miR-192, implicated development fibrosis inflammation T2DM micro-cardiovascular outcomes like DKD DR. Additional studies will needed elucidation relations between GLP-1RA-induced clinical-laboratory findings concerning diverse populations, gender, presence other comorbid states treated patients with

Language: Английский

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Relationship between plasma uric acid levels, antioxidant capacity, and oxidative damage markers in overweight and obese adults: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. e0312217 - e0312217

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Obesity, a complex metabolic chronic illness, is commonly accompanied by an excessive production of free radicals, which influences the development its comorbidities. Uric acid linked to pro-oxidant effects on human health. Though recent evidence suggests potential antioxidant properties, it possible that increase in circulating uric levels adaptive protective response against detrimental excess radicals and oxidative stress present obese individuals. Hence, purpose this study was evaluate association between capacity damage markers with overweight individuals who live at sea level. This cross-sectional included 93 adult volunteers (28 men 65 women) from city Machala, El Oro, Ecuador, divided into three groups according Body Mass Index (normal weight, overweight, obese). Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle elements, physical measurements were evaluated, blood samples collected all participants. Antioxidant oxidant markers, including Radical-Scavenging Activity Assay (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Ability Plasma (FRAP), Catalase (CAT) activity, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), Protein Thiol Groups (SH groups), assayed plasma samples. Coefficients correlations linear regression models applied antioxidant/oxidant parameters levels. The capacity, as measured FRAP scavenging CAT, significantly higher group compared normal weight group, presented significant positive (b: 0.578, R: 0.459, p: 0.003) CAT activity 1.326; 0.432, 0.005) Consequently, supports role pathogenesis obesity, contributing our understanding inflammation characterizes illness.

Language: Английский

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An overview of obesity‐related complications: The epidemiological evidence linking body weight and other markers of obesity to adverse health outcomes

Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 11, 2025

Abstract Obesity is a highly prevalent chronic multisystem disease associated with shortened life expectancy due to number of adverse health outcomes. Epidemiological data link body weight and parameters central fat distribution an increasing risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke, obstructive sleep apnoea, osteoarthritis, mental disorders some types cancer. However, the individual develop cardiometabolic other obesity‐related cannot entirely be explained by increased mass. Rather than excess accumulation, dysfunction adipose tissue may represent mechanistic between obesity There are people living who seem protected against premature development diseases. On hand, normal typical upon predominantly visceral distribution. The mechanisms linking impaired function in include adipocyte hypertrophy, altered cellular composition, limited expandability safe subcutaneous stores, ectopic deposition depots, organs, hypoxia, variety stresses, inflammatory processes, release pro‐inflammatory, diabetogenic atherogenic signals. Genetic environmental factors might contribute either alone or via interaction intrinsic biological variation function. still many open questions regarding how causes whether these pathologies could reversed. Evidence‐based loss interventions using behaviour change, pharmacological surgical approaches have clarified beneficial effects realistic sustained on complications as hard This review focusses recent advances understanding epidemiological trends Plain Language Summary complex progressive characterized excessive that impair quality life. Worldwide, adults has more doubled since 1990. lead reduced expectancy, because it increases (e.g., high blood pressure, stroke), musculoskeletal respiratory depression certain not every person develops For better prevention treatment, important understand mass related It become clear explain higher complications. People can low developing Compared those abdominal region, average bigger cells, immune cells signals released from directly affect brain, liver, vasculature organs. Both inherited environment cause abnormalities through changes lower calorie intake, physical activity), medications surgery improve health, reduce

Language: Английский

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Obesity Fact Sheet in Korea, 2020: Prevalence of Obesity by Obesity Class from 2009 to 2018

Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(2), P. 141 - 148

Published: June 23, 2021

We examined the prevalence of different obesity classes in South Korea based on 2020 Obesity Fact Sheet.Individuals ≥20 years who underwent a health examination provided by Korean National Health Insurance System between 2009 and 2018 were included class I, II, III was calculated for total sample age, sex, region subgroups.From to 2018, all increased across sex age groups regions. In study population as whole, 29.1%, 3.2%, 0.3% 32.5%, 5.2%, 0.81% respectively. Among young-aged individuals, each 23.7%, 3.6%, 0.44% 28.3%, 6.9%, 1.61% The among middle-aged individuals 31.6%, 3.1%, 0.24% 33.6%, 4.8%, 0.59% 2018; elderly 31.9%, 0.21% 35.5%, 3.9%, 0.32% 2018. increase young adults dramatic. particular, up 3.8- 3.5-fold men women.Based Sheet, there dramatic II from adults, well whole. Optimal strategies prevention treatment are needed considering recent epidemic Korea.

Language: Английский

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