Non-invasive diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Current status and future perspective DOI Creative Commons

Jialan Wang,

Suwen Jiang,

Airong Hu

et al.

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. e27325 - e27325

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic throughout world. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis can result from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), severe stage NAFLD progression. By some estimates, affects almost one-third world's population, which completely new serious public health issue. Unfortunately, diagnosed by exclusion, gold standard for identifying NAFLD/NASH reliably measuring fibrosis remains biopsy, an invasive, costly, time-consuming procedure involves variable inter-observer diagnosis. With progress omics imaging techniques, numerous non-invasive serological assays have been generated developed. On basis these developments, biomarkers techniques combined to increase diagnostic accuracy. This review provides information diagnosis assessment in clinical practice going forward may assist clinician making early accurate proposing a cost-effective patient surveillance. We discuss newly identified validated methods biopsy-confirmed studies their implementation practice, encompassing differentiation, assessment, progression monitoring. A series tests, including 20-carboxy arachidonic acid (20-COOH AA) 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin D2 (dhk PGD2), were found be potentially tests diagnosing NAFLD. Additionally, Three-dimensional magnetic resonance (3D-MRE), combination FM-fibro index Liver stiffness measurement (FM-fibro LSM index) machine learning algorithm (MLA) are more than other assessing fibrosis. However, it essential use bigger cohort corroborate number with extremely elevated values.

Language: Английский

Defining paediatric metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease: an international expert consensus statement DOI
Mohammed Eslam, Naim Alkhouri, Pietro Vajro

et al.

˜The œLancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(10), P. 864 - 873

Published: Aug. 6, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

208
Safety and efficacy of combination therapy with semaglutide, cilofexor and firsocostat in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomised, open-label phase II trial DOI Creative Commons
Naim Alkhouri,

Robert Herring,

Heidi Kabler

et al.

Journal of Hepatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77(3), P. 607 - 618

Published: April 16, 2022

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with increased risk of liver-related and cardiovascular morbidity mortality. Given the complex pathophysiology NASH, combining therapies complementary mechanisms may be beneficial. This trial evaluated safety efficacy semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, alone in combination farnesoid X agonist cilofexor and/or acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitor firsocostat patients NASH.This was phase II, open-label, proof-of-concept which NASH (F2-F3 on biopsy, or MRI-proton density fat fraction [MRI-PDFF] ≥10% liver stiffness by transient elastography ≥7 kPa) were randomised to 24 weeks' treatment semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly as monotherapy combined once-daily (30 100 mg) 20 mg. The primary endpoint safety. All endpoints exploratory.A total 108 (n = 21), plus 30 22), 22) 21). Treatments well tolerated - incidence adverse events similar across groups (73-90%) most gastrointestinal nature. Despite weight loss (7-10%), compared monotherapy, combinations resulted greater improvements steatosis measured MRI-PDFF (least-squares mean absolute changes: -9.8 -11.0% vs. -8.0%), biochemistry, non-invasive tests fibrosis.In mild-to-moderate fibrosis due generally tolerated. In exploratory analyses, additional biochemistry alone. this small-scale open-label trial, double-blind placebo-controlled trials adequate patient numbers are warranted assess these NASH.NCT03987074.Non-alcoholic fatty disease its more severe form, non-alcoholic (NASH), serious conditions that worsen over time if untreated. reasons people develop target different aspects helpful than using single treatments. showed use 3 types drugs, namely firsocostat, safe offer benefits

Language: Английский

Citations

144
Mitochondria, oxidative stress and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A complex relationship DOI
Agnieszka Karkucińska‐Więckowska, Inês C. M. Simões, Piotr Kalinowski

et al.

European Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 52(3)

Published: June 3, 2021

Abstract According to the ‘multiple‐hit’ hypothesis, several factors can act simultaneously in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression. Increased nitro‐oxidative (nitroso‐oxidative) stress may be considered one of main contributors involved development and risk NAFLD progression steatohepatitis (NASH) characterized by inflammation fibrosis. Moreover, it has been repeatedly postulated that mitochondrial abnormalities are closely related steatosis pathogenesis. However, is difficult determine with certainty whether dysfunction or oxidative primary events a simple consequence development. On hand, increasing lipid accumulation hepatocytes could cause wide range effects from mild severe damage negative impact on cell fate. This start cascade events, including an increase cellular reactive nitrogen species (RNS) oxygen (ROS) production promotes more stages. other progressing bioenergetic catastrophe manifestation accompanying vast spectrum observed during transition NAFL NASH cirrhosis. review updates our current understanding pathogenesis clarifies ROS/RNS culprits bystanders

Language: Английский

Citations

105
The Role of Gut–Liver Axis in Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis Associated NAFLD and NAFLD-HCC DOI Creative Commons
Qian Song, Xiang Zhang

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 524 - 524

Published: Feb. 23, 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide due to rapidly rising prevalence obesity and metabolic syndrome. As a hepatic manifestation disease, NAFLD begins with fat accumulation progresses inflammation, termed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis/cirrhosis, finally leading NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma (NAFLD-HCC). Accumulating evidence showed that gut microbiome plays vital role in initiation progression through gut–liver axis. The axis mutual communication between comprising portal circulation, bile duct, systematic circulation. dysbiosis contributes development by dysregulating axis, increased intestinal permeability unrestrained transfer microbial metabolites into liver. In this review, we systematically summarized up-to-date information metabolomic changes along stages steatosis, NASH, fibrosis, NAFLD-HCC. components functions its association were then discussed. addition, highlighted current knowledge microbiome-based treatment strategies targeting for preventing associated HCC.

Language: Английский

Citations

88
The Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics in Non-Alcoholic Fat Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): A Systematic Review DOI Open Access

Rodrigo Zamignan Carpi,

Sandra Maria Barbalho, Kátia Portero Sloan

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(15), P. 8805 - 8805

Published: Aug. 8, 2022

Modifications in the microbiota caused by environmental and genetic reasons can unbalance intestinal homeostasis, deregulating host's metabolism immune system, intensifying risk factors for development aggravation of non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD). The use probiotics, prebiotics synbiotics have been considered a potential promising strategy to regulate gut produce beneficial effects patients with conditions. For this reason, review aimed evaluate effectiveness prebiotics, symbiotics NAFLD NASH. Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane databases were consulted, PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analysis) guidelines followed. clinical trials used study demonstrated that interventions could improve wide range markers inflammation, glycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, injury (decrease hepatic enzymes steatosis fibrosis). Although modulators do not play healing role, they work as an important adjunct therapy pathological processes involving its spectrums, either improving barrier or preventing formation toxic metabolites acting on system.

Language: Английский

Citations

87
Global burden of metabolic diseases, 1990–2021 DOI
Huai Zhang, Xiaodong Zhou, Michael D. Shapiro

et al.

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 160, P. 155999 - 155999

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

74
Breaking new ground: MASLD vs. MAFLD—which holds the key for risk stratification? DOI
Mariana M. Ramírez-Mejía,

Carlos Jiménez-Gutiérrez,

Mohammed Eslam

et al.

Hepatology International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 168 - 178

Published: Dec. 21, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

54
The Link between NAFLD and Metabolic Syndrome DOI Creative Commons

Fabiana Radu,

Claudia-Gabriela Potcovaru, Teodor Salmen

et al.

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 614 - 614

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by an association of cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus type 2 risk factors. Although the definition MetS slightly differs depending on society that described it, its central diagnostic criteria include impaired fasting glucose, low HDL-cholesterol, elevated triglycerides levels high blood pressure. Insulin resistance (IR) believed to be main cause connected level visceral or intra-abdominal adipose tissue, which could assessed either calculating body mass index measuring waist circumference. Most recent studies revealed IR may also present in non-obese patients, considered adiposity effector MetS’ pathology. Visceral strongly linked with hepatic fatty infiltration known as non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD), therefore, acids parenchyma indirectly MetS, being both a consequence this syndrome. Taking into consideration pandemic obesity tendency drift towards progressively earlier onset due Western lifestyle, it leads increased NAFLD incidence. Novel therapeutic resources are lifestyle intervention physical activity, Mediterranean diet, surgical respective metabolic bariatric surgery drugs such SGLT-2i, GLP-1 Ra vitamin E. early diagnosis important easily available tools non-invasive tools: clinical laboratory variables (serum biomarkers): AST platelet ratio index, fibrosis-4, Fibrosis Score, BARD fibro test, enhanced fibrosis; imaging-based biomarkers: Controlled attenuation parameter, magnetic resonance imaging proton-density fat fraction, transient elastography (TE) vibration controlled TE, acoustic radiation force impulse imaging, shear wave elastography, elastography; possibility prevent complications, respectively, fibrosis, hepato-cellular carcinoma cirrhosis can develop end-stage disease.

Language: Английский

Citations

47
Association Between Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Heavy Metal Exposure: a Systematic Review DOI
Parisa Sadighara,

Amir Hossein Abedini,

Namra Irshad

et al.

Biological Trace Element Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 201(12), P. 5607 - 5615

Published: March 16, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

45
SCD1 is the critical signaling hub to mediate metabolic diseases: Mechanism and the development of its inhibitors DOI Creative Commons
Qin Sun,

Xiaorui Xing,

Huanyu Wang

et al.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 170, P. 115586 - 115586

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Metabolic diseases, featured with dysregulated energy homeostasis, have become major global health challenges. Patients metabolic diseases high probability to manifest multiple complications in lipid metabolism, e.g. obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver. Therefore, targeting the hub genes metabolism may systemically ameliorate along complications. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1(SCD1) is a key enzyme that desaturates saturated acids (SFAs) derived from de novo lipogenesis or diet generate monounsaturated (MUFAs). SCD1 maintains tissue homeostasis by responding to, integrating layers of endogenous stimuli, which mediated synthesized MUFAs. It critically regulates myriad physiological processes, including development, autophagy, tumorigenesis inflammation. Aberrant transcriptional epigenetic activation AMPK/ACC, SIRT1/PGC1α, NcDase/Wnt, etc, causes aberrant accumulation, thereby promoting progression non-alcoholic liver, diabetes cancer. This review assesses integrative mechanisms (patho)physiological functions inflammation autophagy. For translational perspective, potent inhibitors been developed treat various types We thus discuss multidisciplinary advances greatly accelerate development new inhibitors. In conclusion, besides cancer treatment, serve as promising target combat simultaneously.

Language: Английский

Citations

45