Managing Grazing to Restore Soil Health, Ecosystem Function, and Ecosystem Services DOI Creative Commons

Richard Teague,

Urs P. Kreuter

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Sept. 29, 2020

Ruminants including domestic livestock, have been accused of causing damaging impacts on the global environment and human well-being. However, with appropriate management, ruminant livestock can play a significant role in efforts to reverse environmental damages caused by mismanagement neglect. Worldwide, at least one billion people living grazing ecosystems depend them for their livelihoods, usually through production, other ecosystem services that affect For long-term rangeland sustainability ecological resilience, agricultural production policies are urgently needed globally transform current industrial inorganic input practices resource conservation enhance function. This is supported evidence farmers ranchers who apply regenerative management restore functionality create sustainable, resilient agroecosystems cost-effectively. With enhanced resources, domesticated ruminants be used produce higher permanent soil cover litter plants, which effective reducing erosion increasing net biophysical carbon accumulation. Incorporating forages into regeneratively managed cropping systems also elevate organic improve function reduce costs eliminating use annual tillage, fertilizers biocides. Ecosystem using land include stabilization formation, water infiltration, sequestration, nutrient cycling availability, biodiversity, wildlife habitat, cumulatively result increased economic stability resilience. Scientists partnering around world improved base excel financially documented how such managers sound environmental, social, outcomes. Many these producers Adaptive Multi-Paddock (AMP) as highly approach managing lands sustainably. uses short-duration periods, long adaptively varied post-grazing plant recovery periods requiring multiple paddocks per herd ensure adequate residual biomass, adjustment animal numbers conditions change. Using this approach, achieved superior profitability manuscript summarizes AMP tool grazed rotationally cropped lands.

Language: Английский

An overview of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in agroecosystems DOI
Ee Ling Ng, Esperanza Huerta Lwanga,

Simon M. Eldridge

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 627, P. 1377 - 1388

Published: Feb. 20, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

1121
Macro- and micro- plastics in soil-plant system: Effects of plastic mulch film residues on wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth DOI Creative Commons
Yueling Qi, Xiaomei Yang, Amalia Mejia Pelaez

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 645, P. 1048 - 1056

Published: July 20, 2018

Plastic residues have become a serious environmental problem in the regions with intensive use of plastic mulching. Even though mulch is widely used, effects macro- and micro- on soil-plant system agroecosystem are largely unknown. In this study, low density polyethylene one type starch-based biodegradable film were selected used as examples sized residues. A pot experiment was performed climate chamber to determine what effect mixing 1% concentration these plastics sandy soil would wheat growth presence absence earthworms. The results showed that affected both above-ground below-ground parts plant during vegetative reproductive growth. films had strong showing stronger negative compared polyethylene. earthworms an overall positive chiefly alleviated impairments made by

Language: Английский

Citations

956
The superior effect of nature based solutions in land management for enhancing ecosystem services DOI
Saskia Keesstra, João Pedro Nunes, Agata Novara

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 610-611, P. 997 - 1009

Published: Aug. 20, 2017

Language: Английский

Citations

903
Plastic Bag Derived-Microplastics as a Vector for Metal Exposure in Terrestrial Invertebrates DOI
Mark E. Hodson,

Calum A. Duffus-Hodson,

Andy Clark

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 51(8), P. 4714 - 4721

Published: March 29, 2017

Microplastics are widespread contaminants in terrestrial environments but comparatively little is known about interactions between microplastics and common such as zinc (Zn). In adsorption experiments fragmented HDPE bags c. one mm2 size showed similar sorption characteristics to soil. However, when present combination with soil, concentrations of adsorbed Zn on a per mass basis were over an order magnitude lower microplastics. Desorption the was minimal from both soil synthetic solution (0.01 M CaCl2), earthworm guts desorption higher (40-60%) than (2-15%), suggesting could increase bioavailability. Individual Lumbricus terrestris earthworms exposed for 28 days mesocosms 260 g moist containing 0.35 wt % Zn-bearing microplastic (236-4505 mg kg-1) ingested microplastics, there no evidence accumulation, mortality, or weight change. Digestion that they did not retain their gut. These findings indicate act vectors metal exposure earthworms, associated risk unlikely be significant essential metals well regulated by metabolic processes.

Language: Английский

Citations

651
Increasing organic stocks in agricultural soils: Knowledge gaps and potential innovations DOI Creative Commons

Claire Chenu,

Denis A. Angers,

Pierre Barré

et al.

Soil and Tillage Research, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 188, P. 41 - 52

Published: May 1, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

589
Earthworms increase plant production: a meta-analysis DOI Creative Commons
Jan Willem van Groenigen, Ingrid M. Lubbers, Hannah M.J. Vos

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Sept. 15, 2014

To meet the challenge of feeding a growing world population with minimal environmental impact, we need comprehensive and quantitative knowledge ecological factors affecting crop production. Earthworms are among most important soil dwelling invertebrates. Their activity affects both biotic abiotic properties, in turn plant growth. Yet, studies on effect earthworm presence yields have not been quantitatively synthesized. Here show, using meta-analysis, that average agroecosystems leads to 25% increase yield 23% aboveground biomass. The magnitude these effects depends residue, density type rate fertilization. positive earthworms become larger when more residue is returned soil, but disappear nitrogen availability high. This suggests stimulate growth predominantly through releasing locked away organic matter. Our results therefore imply crucial importance decrease gap farmers who can't -or won't- use fertilizer.

Language: Английский

Citations

537
The use of vermicompost in organic farming: overview, effects on soil and economics DOI
Su Lin Lim, Ta Yeong Wu,

Pei Nie Lim

et al.

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 95(6), P. 1143 - 1156

Published: July 30, 2014

Vermicomposting is a process in which earthworms are used to convert organic materials into humus-like material known as vermicompost. A number of researchers throughout the world have found that nutrient profile vermicompost generally higher than traditional compost. In fact, can enhance soil fertility physically, chemically and biologically. Physically, vermicompost-treated has better aeration, porosity, bulk density water retention. Chemical properties such pH, electrical conductivity matter content also improved for crop yield. Nevertheless, enhanced plant growth could not be satisfactorily explained by improvements soil, means other growth-influencing available vermicomposts. Although vermicomposts been shown improve significantly, application at high concentrations impede due soluble salts Therefore, should applied moderate order obtain maximum This review paper discusses detail effects on Future prospects economy use fertilizers agricultural sector examined. © 2014 Society Industry

Language: Английский

Citations

415
A critical review on the interactions of microplastics with heavy metals: Mechanism and their combined effect on organisms and humans DOI
Yanxiao Cao, Mengjie Zhao,

Xianying Ma

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 788, P. 147620 - 147620

Published: May 8, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

406
Understanding and Enhancing Soil Biological Health: The Solution for Reversing Soil Degradation DOI Open Access
R. Michael Lehman,

Cynthia A. Cambardella,

D. E. Stott

et al.

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 988 - 1027

Published: Jan. 19, 2015

Our objective is to provide an optimistic strategy for reversing soil degradation by increasing public and private research efforts understand the role of biology, particularly microbiology, on health our world’s soils. We begin defining quality/soil (which we consider be interchangeable terms), characterizing healthy resources, relating significance agroecosystems their functions. examine how biology influences biological properties processes contribute sustainability agriculture ecosystem services. continue examining what can done manipulate to: (i) increase nutrient availability production high yielding, quality crops; (ii) protect crops from pests, pathogens, weeds; (iii) manage other factors limiting production, provision services, resilience stresses like droughts. Next look future asking needs known about that not currently recognized or fully understood these could addressed using emerging tools. conclude, based perceptions new knowledge regarding will help make more sustainable productive, recommending emphases should receive first priority through enhanced in order reverse trajectory toward global degradation.

Language: Английский

Citations

370
Global distribution of earthworm diversity DOI Open Access
Helen R. P. Phillips, Carlos A. Guerra, Marie Luise Carolina Bartz

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 366(6464), P. 480 - 485

Published: Oct. 24, 2019

Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled global dataset sampled earthworm communities from 6928 sites in 57 countries as basis for predicting patterns abundance, biomass. found that local species richness abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, displaying opposite to those observed aboveground organisms. high dissimilarity across tropical locations may cause diversity entirety tropics be than elsewhere. Climate variables were more important shaping soil properties or habitat cover. These findings suggest climate change have serious implications functions they provide.

Language: Английский

Citations

364