The long‐standing significance of genetic diversity in conservation

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(17), P. 4147 - 4154

Published: July 1, 2021

Abstract Since allozymes were first used to assess genetic diversity in the 1960s and 1970s, biologists have attempted characterize gene pools conserve observed domestic crops, livestock, zoos (more recently) natural populations. Recently, some authors claimed that importance of conservation biology has been greatly overstated. Here, we argue a voluminous literature indicates otherwise. We address four main points made by detractors diversity's role using published firmly establish is intimately tied evolutionary fitness, associated demographic consequences are paramount many efforts. think responsible management Anthropocene should, whenever possible, include ecosystems, communities, populations individuals, their underlying diversity.

Language: Английский

---

Conservation and the Genomics of Populations

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

Abstract Loss of biodiversity is among the greatest problems facing world today. Conservation and Genomics Populations gives a comprehensive overview essential background, concepts, tools needed to understand how genetic information can be used conserve species threatened with extinction, manage ecological or commercial importance. New molecular techniques, statistical methods, computer programs, principles, methods are becoming increasingly useful in conservation biological diversity. Using balance data theory, coupled basic applied research examples, this book examines phenotypic variation natural populations, principles mechanisms evolutionary change, interpretation from these conservation. The includes examples plants, animals, microbes wild captive populations. This third edition has been thoroughly revised include advances genomics contains new chapters on population genomics, monitoring, genetics practice, as well sections climate emerging diseases, metagenomics, more. More than one-third references were published after previous edition. Each 24 Appendix end Guest Box written by an expert who provides example presented chapter their own work. for advanced undergraduate graduate students genetics, resource management, biology, professional biologists policy-makers working wildlife habitat management agencies. Much will also interest nonprofessionals curious about role

Language: Английский

---

Rapid adaptive evolution in novel environments acts as an architect of population range expansion

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 114(51), P. 13501 - 13506

Published: Nov. 28, 2017

Significance It is crucial to understand what governs the growth and spread of populations colonizing novel environments better predict species responses global change, including range shifts in response warming biological invasions. Evolutionary processes can be rapid enough influence populations; however, it unclear whether evolution course colonization events or if an outcome that arises gradually after successful establishment. We either allowed restricted replicate released a environment, found were evolve grew three times larger expanded their ranges 46% faster compared with nonevolving populations. Thus, facilitates from outset should considered management decisions.

Language: Английский

---

Determinants of geographic range size in plants

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 226(3), P. 650 - 665

Published: Jan. 4, 2020

Geographic range size has long fascinated ecologists and evolutionary biologists, yet our understanding of the factors that cause variation in among species across space remains limited. Not only does geographic inform decisions about conservation management rare nonindigenous due to its relationship with extinction risk, rarity, invasiveness, but it also provides insights into fundamental processes such as dispersal adaptation. There are several features unique plants (e.g. polyploidy, mating system, sessile habit) may lead distinct mechanisms explaining size. Here, we highlight key studies testing intrinsic extrinsic hypotheses under contrasting scenarios where species' ranges static or change over time. We then present results from a meta-analysis relative importance commonly hypothesized determinants plants. show ability infer these is limited, particularly for ability, ploidy, environmental heterogeneity. avenues future research merge approaches macroecology ecology better understand how adaptation interact facilitate niche evolution expansion.

Language: Английский

---

Tribolium beetles as a model system in evolution and ecology

Heredity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 126(6), P. 869 - 883

Published: March 25, 2021

Abstract Flour beetles of the genus Tribolium have been utilised as informative study systems for over a century and contributed to major advances across many fields. This review serves highlight significant historical contribution that made fields ecology evolution, promote their use contemporary research models. We broad range studies employing make in evolution. show using has substantial amount evolutionary ecological understanding, especially population dynamics, reproduction sexual selection, quantitative genetics, behaviour, physiology life history. propose number future opportunities , with particular focus on how amenability forward reverse genetic manipulation may provide valuable complement other insect

Language: Английский

---

Effects of ibuprofen and microplastics on movement, growth and reproduction in the freshwater snail Physella acuta

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Emerging contaminants such as microplastics and pharmaceuticals in freshwater ecosystems are a growing concern, seriously affecting aquatic organisms. Ibuprofen, widely used anti-inflammatory drug, is commonly found rivers, streams, water systems where it discharged. As result, organisms that inhabit these environments, snails, affected their natural habitats. This study examines the effects of (10 μg/L), ibuprofen (500 combination μg/L) on growth, movement, reproduction Physella acuta , snail species. While no significant were observed movement or number egg clusters, there was decrease growth when snails exposed to (p = 0.021). Additionally, production decreased 0.001) but increased 0.002). Microplastic exposure produced more eggs than < combined 0.001). Our results suggest affects total eggs, likely due oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, disrupted hormonal pathways. In contrast, may have caused digestive system blockage, thus energy allocation for reproduction. Changes fitness can directly indirectly affect food webs nutrient cycles, highlighting need research pollutants understand chronic long-term ecosystems.

Language: Английский

---

Genetic admixture accelerates invasion via provisioning rapid adaptive evolution

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 28(17), P. 4012 - 4027

Published: July 24, 2019

Abstract Genetic admixture, the intraspecific hybridization among divergent introduced sources, can immediately facilitate colonization via hybrid vigor and profoundly enhance invasion contributing novel genetic variation to adaption. As is short‐lived, provisioning adaptation anticipated be dominant long‐term profit of but evidence for this rare. We employed 30 years' geographic‐scale salt marsh grass, Spartina alterniflora , as an evolutionary experiment evaluated consequences admixture by combining reciprocal transplant with quantitative population surveys. Consistent documentation, we found that invasive populations in China had multiple origins from southern Atlantic coast Gulf Mexico US. Interbreeding these sources generated a “hybrid swarm” spread throughout China. In northern mid‐latitude China, natural selection greatly enhanced fecundity, plant height shoot regeneration compared native populations. Furthermore, appeared have broken negative correlation between regeneration, which was genetically‐based range, facilitated evolution super competitive genotypes range. contrast evolved populations, showed slight increase possibly reflecting heterotic effect hybridization. Therefore, our study suggests critical role accelerating geographic rapid adaptive evolution.

Language: Английский

---

Restore and Renew: a genomics‐era framework for species provenance delimitation

Restoration Ecology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 27(3), P. 538 - 548

Published: Oct. 10, 2018

Here we present “Restore and Renew,” a replicable framework for gathering interpreting evolutionary, ecological, genomic data in support of restoration practices. In an era rapid climatic change continuous widespread clearing, revegetation projects need to focus on producing resilient long‐term self‐sustaining populations. Restore Renew expands current knowledge genetic provenance via genome‐scan data, environmental niche modeling (ENM), site‐specific climate information. The sampling strategy is obtain leaf tissue representing the distributions over 100 species commonly used restoration. We apply generalized dissimilarity genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism datasets from hundreds samples. Species‐specific local provenances are obtained using model that represents observed patterns variation across landscape. Climate implemented interpret boundaries context future conditions at specified site. Results presented easy‐to‐use webtool ( www.restore‐and‐renew.org.au ), where user simply selects their site interest target size distribution provenance. Although not prescriptive, it allows practitioners make informed decisions source material from, fulfill scenario choice. Two examples, Westringia fruticosa Acacia suaveolens , demonstrate how analytical pipeline responds different ecological evolutionary patterns. has multiple applications biodiversity management will continue evolve with new analytical/interpretative outputs.

Language: Английский

---

Understanding the nexus of rising CO2, climate change, and evolution in weed biology

Invasive Plant Science and Management, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(02), P. 79 - 88

Published: June 1, 2019

Abstract Rapid increases in herbicide resistance have highlighted the ability of weeds to undergo genetic change within a short period time. That change, turn, has resulted an increasing emphasis weed science on evolutionary ecology and potential adaptation selection. Here we argue that similar would also be invaluable for understanding another challenge will profoundly alter biology: rapid rise atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) associated changes climate. Our review literature suggests elevated CO climate impose strong selection pressures often capacity respond with adaptive evolution. Based current data, rising levels are likely evolution agronomic invasive weeds, consequences distribution, community composition, efficacy. In addition, identify four key areas represent clear knowledge gaps evolution: (1) differential response rapidly changing /climate confluence; (2) shifts efficacy biological constraints (e.g., pathogens) resultant affected species; (3) climate-induced phenological demography, fitness relative crop systems; (4) characterization epigenetics expression phenotypic plasticity versus adaptation. These consequences, should fundamental interest community.

Language: Английский

---

Global phylogeography and invasion history of the spotted lanternfly revealed by mitochondrial phylogenomics

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 915 - 930

Published: Nov. 18, 2020

Biological invasion has been a serious global threat due to increasing international trade and population movements. Tracking the source route of invasive species evaluating genetic differences in their native regions have great significance for effective monitoring management, further resolving mechanism. The spotted lanternfly

Language: Английский

---