Ecological and environmental determinants of phytochemical variability in forest trees

Phytochemistry Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Language: Английский

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Interaction diversity explains the maintenance of phytochemical diversity

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 1205 - 1214

Published: March 29, 2021

Abstract The production of complex mixtures secondary metabolites is a ubiquitous feature plants. Several evolutionary hypotheses seek to explain how phytochemical diversity maintained, including the synergy hypothesis, interaction and screening hypothesis. We experimentally tested set predictions derived from these by manipulating richness structural phenolic in diets eight plant consumers. Across 3940 total bioassays, there was clear support for hypothesis over or hypotheses. number consumers affected particular composition increased with increasing compounds. Furthermore, bioactivity phenolics consumer‐specific. All compounds reduced performance at least one consumer, but no all These results show may be maintained nature selective landscape exerted diverse communities

Language: Английский

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Chemical phenotype as important and dynamic niche dimension of plants

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 234(4), P. 1168 - 1174

Published: March 17, 2022

Niche theory considering the traits of species and individuals provides a powerful tool to integrate ecology evolution species. In plant ecology, morphological physiological are commonly considered as niche dimensions, whereas phytochemical mostly neglected in this context despite their pivotal functions responses environment mediating interactions. The diversity phytochemicals can thus mediate three key processes: choice, conformance construction. Here, we frameworks from with chemical argue that plants use individual-specific (chemodiversity) for different realization processes. Our concept has important implications ecosystem processes stability increases predictive ability ecology.

Language: Английский

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The evolution of chemodiversity in plants—From verbal to quantitative models

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Plants harbour a great chemodiversity, that is diversity of specialised metabolites (SMs), at different scales. For instance, individuals can produce large number SMs, and populations differ in their metabolite composition. Given the ecological economic importance plant it important to understand how arises maintained over evolutionary time. other dimensions biodiversity, species genetic diversity, quantitative models play an role addressing such questions. Here, we provide synthesis existing hypotheses models, mathematical computer simulations, for evolution chemodiversity. We describe each model's ingredients, biological processes shape scales considers whether has been formalized as model. Although identify several not all are dynamic many influential have remained verbal. To fill these gaps, outline our vision future chemodiversity modelling. used variation may be adapted present flexible framework creation individual-based address combine ingredients bring this about.

Language: Английский

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Chemodiversity affects preference for Tanacetum vulgare chemotypes in two aphid species

Oikos, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(3)

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Plants of the same species can strongly differ in their specialized metabolite profiles, which affect insect presence and abundance field. However, how chemistry shapes plant attractiveness to herbivorous insects is not fully understood. Here, we used common tansy Tanacetum vulgare , Asteraceae) – a perennial that highly diverse terpenoid composition known have variable chemotypes test whether 1) plants with different chemotype profiles two specialist aphid species, Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria Uroleucon tanaceti pairwise choice assays; 2) diversity blend affects aphids; 3) chemical traits relate morphological best explain preference. We found M. preferred out five chemotypes, dominated by α‐thujone/β‐thujone β‐trans‐chrysanthenyl acetate, while avoiding α‐pinene/sabinene. showed no clear preference towards but when given between α‐pinene/sabinene, they former. Importantly, aphids was marginally negatively correlated chemodiversity, i.e. number compounds, U. . Interestingly, relative concentration terpenoids were generally higher larger bushier plants. Hence, did observe tradeoff growth defence. conclude hence may contribute variation natural colonization patterns on species.

Language: Английский

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Functional diversity and identity of plant genotypes regulate rhizodeposition and soil microbial activity

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 232(2), P. 776 - 787

Published: July 8, 2021

Summary Our understanding of the linkages between plant diversity and soil carbon nutrient cycling is primarily derived from studies at species level, while importance mechanisms effects genotype level are poorly understood. Here we examine how genotypic identity, associated variation in functional traits, within a common grass species, Anthoxanthum odoratum , modified rhizodeposition, microbial activity litter decomposition. Root quality was not significantly affected by diversity, but decomposition enhanced soils with legacy higher diversity. Plant identity rhizodeposition via two independent pathways. functioning positive on specific leaf area total rhizodeposition. Genotype both rhizodeposit quantity quality, these were mediated differences mean area, shoot mass height. Rhizodeposition more strongly predicted aboveground than belowground suggesting strong photosynthesis root exudation. study demonstrates that genotypes modulates supply representing an important overlooked pathway which biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning.

Language: Английский

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Quantifying chemodiversity considering biochemical and structural properties of compounds with the R package chemodiv

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 237(6), P. 2478 - 2492

Published: Dec. 17, 2022

Summary Plants produce large numbers of phytochemical compounds affecting plant physiology and interactions with their biotic abiotic environment. Recently, chemodiversity has attracted considerable attention as an ecologically evolutionary meaningful way to characterize the phenotype a mixture compounds. Currently used measures diversity, related dissimilarity, generally do not take structural or biosynthetic properties into account. Such can be indicative compounds' function inform about (in)dependence, should therefore included in calculations these measures. We introduce R package chemodiv , which retrieves biochemical from databases provides functions for calculating visualizing chemical diversity dissimilarity phytochemicals other types Our enables that takes richness, relative abundance – most importantly and/or illustrate use examples on simulated real datasets. By providing quantifying multiple aspects chemodiversity, we hope facilitate investigations how varies across levels biological organization, its importance ecology evolution plants organisms.

Language: Английский

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Diversity and divergence: evolution of secondary metabolism in the tropical tree genus Inga

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 237(2), P. 631 - 642

Published: Oct. 20, 2022

Summary Plants are widely recognized as chemical factories, with each species producing dozens to hundreds of unique secondary metabolites. These compounds shape the interactions between plants and their natural enemies. We explore evolutionary patterns processes by which generate diversity, from evolving novel profiles. characterized profile one‐third tropical rainforest trees in genus Inga ( c. 100, Fabaceae) using ultraperformance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics applied phylogenetic comparative methods understand mode evolution. show: contain structurally unrelated high levels phytochemical diversity; closely related have divergent profiles, individual compounds, compound classes, profiles showing little‐to‐no signal; at time scale, a species' shows signature adaptation. At ecological sympatric were most divergent, implying it is also advantageous maintain community members; finally, we integrate these model for how diversity evolves. Taken together, results show that divergence fundamental ecology evolution plants.

Language: Английский

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Intraspecific chemodiversity provides plant individual- and neighbourhood-mediated associational resistance towards aphids

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 4, 2023

Some plant species express an extraordinarily high intraspecific diversity in phytochemicals (= chemodiversity). As discussed for biodiversity, higher chemodiversity may provide better protection against environmental stress, including herbivory. However, little is known about whether the resistance of a individual towards herbivores mostly governed by its own or associational provided conspecific neighbours. To investigate role plant-aphid interactions, we used Asteraceae Tanacetum vulgare, whose individuals differ pronouncedly composition leaf terpenoids, forming distinct chemotypes. Plants were set up field consisting plots containing five either same different Presence winged aphids, indicating attraction, and abundance unwinged fitness, counted weekly on each plant. During peak samples taken from all plants re-analyses terpenoid quantification chemodiversity, calculated (Shannon index, Hsind, also considered as α-chemodiversity) plot level (Hsplot, = β-chemodiversity). Aphid attraction was neither influenced chemotype nor plot-type. The real-time odour environment be very complex this setting, impeding clear preferences. In contrast, affected both On average, more Uroleucon tanaceti aphids found two chemotypes growing homogenous compared to heterogenous plots, supporting hypothesis. For Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria probability presence differed between plot-types one chemotype. Terpenoid expressed gradient revealed negative Hsplot effects U. tanaceti, but positive correlation Hsind with M. abundance. Aphids fuscoviride not any chemodiversity. conclusion, study shows that only neighbours can influence certain plant-herbivore interactions. These are highly specific regard aphid their morphs (winged vs. unwinged). Furthermore, our results highlight importance analysing at levels.

Language: Английский

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Variability in Plant–Herbivore Interactions

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 54(1), P. 451 - 474

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

Plants and herbivores are remarkably variable in space time, variability has been considered a defining feature of their interactions. Empirical research, however, traditionally focused on understanding differences means overlooked the theoretically significant ecological evolutionary roles itself. We review literature with goal showing how variability-explicit research expands our perspective plant–herbivore ecology evolution. first clarify terminology for describing variation then patterns, causes, consequences herbivory across scales space, biological organization. consider incorporating improves existing hypotheses leads to new ones. conclude by suggesting future work that reports full distributions, integrates effects scales, describes nonlinearities, considers stochastic deterministic combine determine distributions.

Language: Английский

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