Systemic and organ-specific immune-related manifestations of COVID-19

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 315 - 332

Published: April 26, 2021

Immune-related manifestations are increasingly recognized conditions in patients with COVID-19, around 3,000 cases reported worldwide comprising more than 70 different systemic and organ-specific disorders. Although the inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is predominantly centred on respiratory system, some can develop an abnormal inflammatory reaction involving extrapulmonary tissues. The signs symptoms associated this excessive immune response very diverse resemble autoimmune or diseases, clinical phenotype that seemingly influenced epidemiological factors such as age, sex ethnicity. severity of also varied, ranging from benign self-limiting features to life-threatening syndromes. Little known about pathogenesis these manifestations, tend emerge within first 2 weeks infection, whereas others appear a late post-infectious stage even asymptomatic patients. As body evidence comprises case series uncontrolled studies, diagnostic therapeutic decision-making unsurprisingly often based scarcely experience expert opinion. Additional studies required learn mechanisms involved development apply knowledge achieve early diagnosis most suitable therapy.

Language: Английский

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Neurological manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses: A narrative review for clinicians

Revue Neurologique, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 177(1-2), P. 51 - 64

Published: Dec. 16, 2020

Language: Английский

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Neurological outcome and quality of life 3 months after COVID‐19: A prospective observational cohort study

European Journal of Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(10), P. 3348 - 3359

Published: March 8, 2021

To assess neurological manifestations and health-related quality of life (QoL) 3 months after COVID-19.In this prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study we systematically evaluated signs diseases by detailed examination a predefined test battery assessing smelling disorders (16-item Sniffin Sticks test), cognitive deficits (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), QoL (36-item Short Form), mental health (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5) disease onset.Of 135 consecutive COVID-19 patients, 31 (23%) required intensive care unit (ICU) (severe), 72 (53%) were admitted to the regular ward (moderate), 32 (24%) underwent outpatient (mild) during acute disease. At 3-month follow-up, 20 patients (15%) presented with one or more syndromes that not evident before COVID-19. These included polyneuro/myopathy (n = 17, 13%) patient presenting Guillain-Barré syndrome, mild encephalopathy 2, 2%), parkinsonism 1, 1%), orthostatic hypotension ischemic stroke 1%). Objective testing revealed hyposmia/anosmia in 57/127 (45%) at follow-up. Self-reported was lower (17%) months, however, improved when compared phase (44%; p < 0.001). apparent 23%, impaired 31%. Assessment symptoms depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress 11%, 25%, respectively.Despite recovery from infection, prevalent Above all, persistent large proportion patients.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive decline among individuals with history of mild symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A longitudinal prospective study nested to a population cohort

European Journal of Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(10), P. 3245 - 3253

Published: Feb. 12, 2021

Abstract Background and purpose Neurological complications of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are noticed among critically ill patients soon after disease onset. Information on delayed neurological sequelae is nil. Following a longitudinal study design, the occurrence cognitive decline individuals with history mild symptomatic was assessed. Methods Stroke‐ seizure‐free Atahualpa residents aged ≥40 years, who had pre‐pandemic assessments as well normal brain magnetic resonance imaging electroencephalogram recordings, underwent repeated evaluations 6 months outbreak in Atahualpa. Patients requiring oxygen therapy, hospitalization, those initial manifestations were excluded. Cognitive defined reduction Montreal Assessment (MoCA) score between post‐pandemic that ≥4 points greater than observed two MoCAs. The relationship assessed by fitting logistic mixed models for data exposure‐effect models. Results Of 93 included (mean age 62.6 ± 11 years), 52 (56%) infection. Post‐pandemic MoCA decay worse seropositive individuals. recognized 11/52 (21%) 1/41 (2%) seronegative In multivariate analyses, odds developing 18.1 times higher (95% confidence interval 1.75–188; p = 0.015). Exposure‐effect confirmed this association ( β 0.24; 95% 0.07–0.41; 0.006). Conclusions This provides evidence pathogenesis complication remains unknown.

Language: Английский

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Cerebrospinal fluid in COVID-19: A systematic review of the literature

Journal of the Neurological Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 421, P. 117316 - 117316

Published: Jan. 10, 2021

Language: Английский

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Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with the Blood–Brain Barrier

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(5), P. 2681 - 2681

Published: March 6, 2021

Emerging data indicate that neurological complications occur as a consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is critical interface regulates entry circulating molecules into the CNS, and regulated by signals arise from brain blood compartments. In this review, we discuss mechanisms which SARS-CoV-2 interactions with BBB may contribute to dysfunction associated disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused SARS-CoV-2. We consider aspects peripheral disease, such hypoxia systemic inflammatory response syndrome/cytokine storm, well CNS infection viral brain. also contribution risk factors for developing COVID-19 could increase or otherwise damage

Language: Английский

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A human three-dimensional neural-perivascular ‘assembloid’ promotes astrocytic development and enables modeling of SARS-CoV-2 neuropathology

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(9), P. 1600 - 1606

Published: July 9, 2021

Language: Английский

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Evidence of central nervous system infection and neuroinvasive routes, as well as neurological involvement, in the lethality of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 93(3), P. 1304 - 1313

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Abstract The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has become a significant and urgent threat to global health. This review provided strong support for central nervous system (CNS) infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 shed light on the neurological mechanism underlying lethality infection. Among published data, only 1.28% COVID‐19 patients who underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests were positive in CSF. However, this does not mean absence CNS most because postmortem studies revealed that some showed negative results CSF SARS‐CoV‐2. 20 neuropathological reported so far, was detected brain 58 cases nine studies, three have sufficient details patients. Almost all vitro vivo experiments neuroinvasive potential In infected animals, found within neurons different areas wide spectrum neuropathology, consistent clinical symptoms Several lines evidence indicate used hematopoietic route enter CNS. But more supports trans‐neuronal hypothesis. been invade via olfactory, gustatory, trigeminal pathways, especially at early stage Severe deficits are higher risk mortality, animals showing became dead, suggesting involvement may be one cause death.

Language: Английский

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A rapid review of the pathoetiology, presentation, and management of delirium in adults with COVID-19

Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 141, P. 110350 - 110350

Published: Dec. 25, 2020

Language: Английский

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Inflammatory Cytokine Patterns Associated with Neurological Diseases in Coronavirus Disease 2019

Annals of Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 89(5), P. 1041 - 1045

Published: Feb. 8, 2021

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can present distinct neurological manifestations. This study shows that inflammatory diseases were associated increased levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8), and CXCL10 in the cerebrospinal fluid. Conversely, encephalopathy was high serum CXCL8, active tumor growth factor β1. Inflammatory syndromes central nervous system COVID-19 appear early, as a parainfectious process without significant systemic involvement, or direct evidence severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 neuroinvasion. At same time, is mainly influenced by peripheral events, including cytokines. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:1041-1045.

Language: Английский

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