Science Advances,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(35)
Published: Sept. 1, 2023
Phytoplankton
are
responsible
for
half
of
all
oxygen
production
and
drive
the
ocean
carbon
cycle.
Metabolic
theory
predicts
that
increasing
global
temperatures
will
cause
phytoplankton
to
become
more
heterotrophic
smaller.
Here,
we
uncover
metabolic
trade-offs
between
cellular
space,
energy,
stress
management
driving
thermal
acclimation
how
these
might
be
overcome
through
evolutionary
adaptation.
We
show
observed
relationships
traits
such
as
chlorophyll,
lipid
content,
C:N,
size
can
predicted
on
basis
demands
cell,
dependency
transporters,
changes
in
membrane
lipids.
suggest
many
not
fixed
physiological
constraints
but
rather
altered
For
example,
evolution
metabolism
favor
larger
cells
with
higher
content
mitigate
oxidative
stress.
These
results
have
implications
rates
sequestration
export
a
warmer
ocean.
Evolutionary Applications,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
7(1), P. 1 - 14
Published: Jan. 1, 2014
Abstract
Many
studies
have
recorded
phenotypic
changes
in
natural
populations
and
attributed
them
to
climate
change.
However,
controversy
uncertainty
has
arisen
around
three
levels
of
inference
such
studies.
First,
it
proven
difficult
conclusively
distinguish
whether
are
genetically
based
or
the
result
plasticity.
Second,
not
change
is
adaptive
usually
assumed
rather
than
tested.
Third,
inferences
that
specific
causal
agent
rarely
involved
testing
–
exclusion
other
potential
drivers.
We
here
review
various
ways
which
above
been
attempted,
evaluate
strength
support
each
approach
can
provide.
This
methodological
assessment
sets
stage
for
11
accompanying
articles
attempt
comprehensive
syntheses
what
currently
known
about
responses
a
variety
taxa
theory.
Summarizing
relying
on
results
these
reviews,
we
arrive
at
conclusion
evidence
genetic
adaptation
found
some
systems,
but
still
relatively
scarce.
Most
importantly,
clear
more
needed
must
employ
better
inferential
methods
before
general
conclusions
be
drawn.
Overall,
hope
present
paper
special
issue
provide
inspiration
future
research
guidelines
best
practices
its
execution.
Evolutionary Applications,
Journal Year:
2013,
Volume and Issue:
7(1), P. 123 - 139
Published: Oct. 14, 2013
Abstract
As
climate
change
progresses,
we
are
observing
widespread
changes
in
phenotypes
many
plant
populations.
Whether
these
phenotypic
directly
caused
by
change,
and
whether
they
result
from
plasticity
or
evolution,
active
areas
of
investigation.
Here,
review
terrestrial
studies
addressing
questions.
Plastic
evolutionary
responses
to
clearly
occurring.
Of
the
38
that
met
our
criteria
for
inclusion,
all
found
plastic
responses,
with
26
showing
both.
These
however,
may
be
insufficient
keep
pace
as
indicated
eight
12
examined
this
directly.
There
is
also
mixed
evidence
adaptive,
contemporary
climatic
changes.
We
discuss
factors
will
likely
influence
extent
including
patterns
environmental
changes,
species’
life
history
characteristics
generation
time
breeding
system,
degree
direction
gene
flow.
Future
standardized
methodologies,
especially
those
use
direct
approaches
assessing
over
time,
sharing
data
through
public
databases,
facilitate
better
predictions
capacity
populations
respond
rapid
change.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: July 23, 2019
Abstract
Biological
responses
to
climate
change
have
been
widely
documented
across
taxa
and
regions,
but
it
remains
unclear
whether
species
are
maintaining
a
good
match
between
phenotype
environment,
i.e.
observed
trait
changes
adaptive.
Here
we
reviewed
10,090
abstracts
extracted
data
from
71
studies
reported
in
58
relevant
publications,
assess
quantitatively
phenotypic
associated
with
adaptive
animals.
A
meta-analysis
focussing
on
birds,
the
taxon
best
represented
our
dataset,
suggests
that
global
warming
has
not
systematically
affected
morphological
traits,
advanced
phenological
traits.
We
demonstrate
these
advances
for
some
species,
imperfect
as
evidenced
by
consistent
selection
earlier
timing.
Application
of
theoretical
model
indicates
evolutionary
load
imposed
incomplete
ongoing
may
already
be
threatening
persistence
species.
Science,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
352(6287), P. 819 - 821
Published: May 12, 2016
Consequences
conferred
at
a
distance
Migratory
animals
have
adapted
to
life
in
multiple,
sometimes
very
different
environments.
Thus,
they
may
show
particularly
complex
responses
as
climates
rapidly
change.
Van
Gils
et
al.
that
body
size
red
knot
birds
has
been
decreasing
their
Arctic
breeding
ground
warms
(see
the
Perspective
by
Wikelski
and
Tertitski).
However,
real
toll
of
this
change
appears
not
changing
northern
part
range
but
apparently
more
stable
tropical
wintering
range.
The
resulting
smaller,
short-billed
difficulty
reaching
major
food
source,
deeply
buried
mollusks,
which
decreases
survival
born
during
warm
years.
Science
,
issue
p.
819
;
see
also
775
Ecology Letters,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
23(2), P. 316 - 325
Published: Dec. 4, 2019
Increasing
temperatures
associated
with
climate
change
are
predicted
to
cause
reductions
in
body
size,
a
key
determinant
of
animal
physiology
and
ecology.
Using
four-decade
specimen
series
70
716
individuals
52
North
American
migratory
bird
species,
we
demonstrate
that
increasing
annual
summer
temperature
over
the
40-year
period
predicts
consistent
size
across
these
diverse
taxa.
Concurrently,
wing
length
-
an
index
shape
impacts
numerous
aspects
avian
ecology
behaviour
has
consistently
increased
species.
Our
findings
suggest
warming-induced
reduction
is
general
response
change,
reveal
similarly
unexpected
shift
shape.
We
hypothesise
represents
compensatory
adaptation
maintain
migration
as
have
metabolic
cost
flight.
An
improved
understanding
morphological
changes
important
for
predicting
biotic
responses
global
change.
Evolutionary Applications,
Journal Year:
2013,
Volume and Issue:
7(1), P. 42 - 55
Published: Oct. 10, 2013
Abstract
We
integrated
the
evidence
for
evolutionary
and
plastic
trait
changes
in
situ
response
to
climate
change
freshwater
invertebrates
(aquatic
insects
zooplankton).
The
synthesis
on
expected
reductions
hydroperiod
increases
salinity
indicated
little
adaptive,
plastic,
genetic
local
adaptation.
With
respect
responses
temperature,
there
are
many
studies
temporal
phenology
body
size
wild
that
believed
be
driven
by
temperature
increases,
but
is
a
general
lack
of
rigorous
demonstration
whether
these
genetically
based,
causally
change.
Current
proof
under
stems
from
limited
set
common
garden
experiments
replicated
time.
Experimental
thermal
evolution
warming
associated
with
space‐for‐time
substitutions
along
latitudinal
gradients
indicate
besides
changes,
also
phenotypic
plasticity
likely
contribute
observed
aquatic
invertebrates.
Apart
adjustments,
photoperiod
adjustments
widespread
may
even
dominate
phenological
shifts.
Evolutionary Applications,
Journal Year:
2013,
Volume and Issue:
7(1), P. 29 - 41
Published: Dec. 13, 2013
Phenotypic
plasticity
and
microevolution
are
the
two
primary
means
by
which
organisms
respond
adaptively
to
local
conditions.
While
these
mechanisms
not
mutually
exclusive,
their
relative
magnitudes
will
influence
both
rate
of,
ability
sustain,
phenotypic
responses
climate
change.
We
review
accounts
of
recent
changes
in
wild
mammal
populations
with
purpose
critically
evaluating
following:
(i)
whether
change
has
been
identified
as
causal
mechanism
producing
observed
change;
(ii)
is
adaptive;
(iii)
influences
evolution
and/or
underlying
The
available
data
for
mammals
scant.
found
twelve
studies
that
report
phenology,
body
weight
or
litter
size.
In
all
cases,
response
was
primarily
due
plasticity.
Only
one
study
(of
advancing
parturition
dates
American
red
squirrels)
provided
convincing
evidence
contemporary
evolution.
Subsequently,
however,
shown
be
this
shift.
also
summarize
have
evolutionary
potential
(i.e.
trait
heritable
under
selection)
traits
putative
associations
discuss
future
directions
need
undertaken
before
a
conclusive
demonstration
plastic
can
made.
Austral Ecology,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
44(1), P. 3 - 27
Published: Nov. 20, 2018
Abstract
The
effects
of
anthropogenic
climate
change
on
biodiversity
are
well
known
for
some
high‐profile
Australian
marine
systems,
including
coral
bleaching
and
kelp
forest
devastation.
Less
well‐published
the
impacts
being
observed
in
terrestrial
ecosystems,
although
ecological
models
have
predicted
substantial
changes
likely.
Detecting
attributing
to
factors
is
difficult
due
importance
extreme
conditions,
noisy
nature
short‐term
data
collected
with
limited
resources,
complexities
introduced
by
biotic
interactions.
Here,
we
provide
a
suite
case
studies
that
considered
possible
systems.
Our
intention
diverse
collection
stories
illustrating
how
flora
fauna
likely
responding
direct
indirect
change.
We
aim
raise
awareness
rather
than
be
comprehensive.
include
covering
canopy
dieback
forests,
compositional
shifts
vegetation,
positive
feedbacks
between
climate,
vegetation
disturbance
regimes,
local
extinctions
plants,
size
birds,
phenological
reproduction
shifting
interactions
threaten
communities
endangered
species.
Some
these
clear
cut,
others
less
clearly
connected
change;
however,
all
important
providing
insights
into
future
state
ecosystems.
also
highlight
management
issues
relevant
conserving
ecosystems
face
Temperature,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
1(2), P. 115 - 127
Published: July 21, 2014
Most
large
terrestrial
mammals,
including
the
charismatic
species
so
important
for
ecotourism,
do
not
have
luxury
of
rapid
micro-evolution
or
sufficient
range
shifts
as
strategies
adjusting
to
climate
change.
The
rate
change
is
too
fast
genetic
adaptation
occur
in
mammals
with
longevities
decades,
typical
and
landscape
fragmentation
population
by
humans
widespread
allow
spontaneous
leaving
only
expression
latent
phenotypic
plasticity
counter
effects
includes
anatomical
variation
within
same
species,
changes
phenology,
employment
intrinsic
physiological
behavioral
capacity
that
can
buffer
an
animal
against
Whether
will
be
realized
unknown,
because
little
known
about
efficacy
plasticity,
particularly
mammals.
Future
research
biology
requires
measurement
characteristics
many
identified
free-living
individual
animals
long
periods,
probably
us
detect
whether
cope