Local adaptation and reproductive isolation: when does speciation start?

Evolutionary Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract The speciation process often takes a long time. continuum framework has been useful to reconstruct the evolutionary processes that result in formation of new species but defining when this starts is far from trivial. Although panmictic population considered initial condition speciation, unrealistic for almost all species. Local or divergent adaptation are viewed by many researchers as shape intraspecific diversity and thus not part speciation. We propose reproductive isolation becomes greater than zero, arguing favour alternative view local necessarily involves some isolation, independently whether it results completion Given widespread, consequence most constantly speciating. best represented separate subnetworks, defined within extended fluid spatial networks populations.

Language: Английский

---

Synthesis and Scope of the Role of Postmating Prezygotic Isolation in Speciation

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(10), P. a041429 - a041429

Published: Dec. 27, 2023

How barriers to gene flow arise and are maintained key questions in evolutionary biology. Speciation research has mainly focused on that occur either before mating or after zygote formation. In comparison, postmating prezygotic (PMPZ) isolation-a barrier acts gamete release but formation-is less frequently investigated may hold a unique role generating biodiversity. Here we discuss the distinctive features of PMPZ isolation, including primary drivers molecular mechanisms underpinning isolation. We then present first comprehensive survey isolation research, revealing it is widespread form across eukaryotes. The also exposes obstacles studying part attributable challenges involved directly measuring uncovering its causal mechanisms. Finally, identify outstanding knowledge gaps provide recommendations for improving future This will allow us better understand nature this often-neglected reproductive contribution speciation.

Language: Английский

---

Post‐glacial establishment of locally adapted fish populations over a steep salinity gradient

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 34(1), P. 138 - 156

Published: June 23, 2020

Abstract Studies of colonization new habitats that appear from rapidly changing environments are interesting and highly relevant to our understanding divergence speciation. Here, we analyse phenotypic genetic variation involved in the successful establishment a marine fish (sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus ) over steep salinity drop 35 PSU North Sea (NE Atlantic) two inner parts post‐glacial Baltic Sea. We first show populations adapted local key reproductive trait, proportion motile sperm. Thereafter, genome at 22,190 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) shows strong differentiation among along gradient. Sequences containing outlier SNPs transcriptome sequences, mapped draft genome, reveal associations with genes functions for adaptation this environment but without overall evidence functional enrichment. The many contigs suggest polygenic differentiation. trace origin using demographic modelling find most likely scenario is least part older than result isolation lineages prior current contact Sea–Baltic transition zone.

Language: Английский

---

Evidence of rapid adaptive trait change to local salinity in the sperm of an invasive fish

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 533 - 544

Published: Aug. 26, 2019

Invasive species may quickly colonize novel environments, which could be attributed to both phenotypic plasticity and an ability locally adapt. Reproductive traits are expected under strong selection when the new environment limits reproductive success of invading species. This especially important for external fertilizers, release sperm eggs into environment. Despite adult tolerance high salinity, invasive fish

Language: Английский

---

A novel sperm adaptation to evolutionary constraints on reproduction: Pre‐ejaculatory sperm activation in the beach spawning capelin (Osmeridae)

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 2343 - 2349

Published: Jan. 29, 2018

Reproduction of external fertilizing vertebrates is typically constrained to either fresh or salt water, not both. For all studied amphibians and fishes, this constraint includes immotile sperm that are activated after ejaculation only by the specific chemistry medium in which species evolved (fresh, brackish, water). No can reproduce sea. Although diadromous fishes may migrate between they shackled their natal environment for spawning part because activation. Here, we report first time among documented vertebrates, absence any media, motile at a marine fish (Osmeridae, capelin,

Language: Английский

---

Sperm performance limits the reproduction of an invasive fish in novel salinities

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(6), P. 1091 - 1105

Published: March 18, 2021

Abstract Aim The few fish species able to reproduce across wide osmotic ranges either plastically acclimate sperm performance to, or are locally adapted different salinities. invasive round goby ( Neogobius melanostomus ) is spreading in Eurasia and the Americas, into both fresh brackish water. We aim understand if reproduction salinities affected by an ability acclimate. Location Brackish freshwater systems of northern Europe Baltic Sea. Methods cross‐exposed gobies origin 0 16 practical salinity units (PSU), were given nest boxes which spawn. After 4 weeks, we measured their PSU; fertilization success each egg clutch was through visual analysis eggs. Clutches split allowed develop PSU salinity, reproductive (zygote development) 20 ± 1 days later. Responses analysed using generalized mixed models. Results a month, showed no plasticity acclimation regardless origin. Sperm velocity highest similar males’ Significantly lower for individuals that reproduced outside despite recurring spawning events all treatment groups. Among fertilized eggs, zygote development eggs parents. Main Conclusions Short‐term new does not affect goby. Alternative hypotheses such as local adaption should be further investigated. Limits species’ success, therefore invasion processes, likely dependent on environment‐phenotype matches. Fish spawned successfully freshwater, pointing increased risk introducing populations freshwater.

Language: Английский

---

A complex species complex: The controversial role of ecology and biogeography in the evolutionary history of Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840 (Annelida, Syllidae)

Journal of Zoological Systematics & Evolutionary Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 58(1), P. 66 - 78

Published: Nov. 15, 2019

The cryptic diversity in the polychaete Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840, Mediterranean Sea was examined with an integrative morpho-molecular approach. Individuals of S. were collected at eleven localities to provide insight into role brackish environments inducing speciation. examination morphological features combined a molecular genetic analysis based on partial sequence 16S rRNA gene highlighted discrepancies between and diversity. Morphological data allowed identify morphotype short appendages occurring coralline algae communities another one long observed brackish-water Sabellaria reefs. Multivariate analyses showed that sampling greatest source divergence, suggesting phenotypic plasticity may play local adaptations populations. Molecular occurrence four divergent lineages not corresponding clusters. Different species delimitation tests gave conflicting results, retrieving, however, least separated entities. Some occurred sympatry equally distributed marine environments, excluding biogeographic or ecological explanation pattern instead ancient separation secondary contact. co-occurrence different hindered identification lineage sensu stricto. discrepancy suggests environmental interact complex unpredictable way shaping patterns. An approach is needed satisfactory evolutionary processes invertebrates.

Language: Английский

---

Local adaptation through countergradient selection in northern populations of Skeletonema marinoi

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 311 - 320

Published: June 24, 2022

Abstract Marine microorganisms have the potential to disperse widely with few obvious barriers gene flow. However, among microalgae, several studies demonstrated that species can be highly genetically structured limited flow populations, despite hydrographic connectivity. Ecological differentiation and local adaptation been suggested as drivers of such population structure. Here we tested whether multiple strains from two distinct Baltic Sea populations diatom Skeletonema marinoi showed evidence their environments: estuarine Bothnian marine Kattegat Sea. We performed reciprocal transplants between culture media based on water respective environments, also allowed competition origin in both salinities. When grown alone, best high‐salinity environment, always grew faster than strains. This result suggests through countergradient selection, is, genetic effects counteract environmental effects. higher growth rate appears a cost environment when were compete, better environment. Thus, other traits are likely affect fitness. provide tolerance pH could involved adapted more fluctuating continue growing at

Language: Английский

---

Ancestral Sperm Ecotypes Reveal Multiple Invasions of a Non-Native Fish in Northern Europe

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 1743 - 1743

Published: July 9, 2021

For externally fertilising organisms in the aquatic environment, abiotic fertilisation medium can be a strong selecting force. Among bony fishes, sperm are adapted to function narrow salinity range. A notable exception is family Gobiidae, where several species reproduce across wide The also contains wide-spread invasive species. To better understand how these fishes tolerate such varying conditions, we measured performance relation from freshwater and brackish population within their ancestral Ponto-Caspian region of round goby, Neogobius melanostomus. These two populations were then compared nine additional invaded sites northern Europe, both terms traits by using genomic SNP markers. Our results show clear patterns adaptations salinities performance. Population analyses that ecotypes have generally established themselves environments fit adaptations. Sites close ports with intense shipping outbreeding admixture affect given salinity. Rapid adaptation local conditions supported at some sites. Historical contemporary evolution goby cells tightly linked seascape genomics as well biogeographic processes fishes. Since risk establishing an area related genotype environment match, port connectivity ancestry likely useful for predicting spread.

Language: Английский

---

Multi‐generation genetic contributions of immigrants reveal cryptic elevated and sex‐biased effective gene flow within a natural meta‐population

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract Impacts of immigration on micro‐evolution and population dynamics fundamentally depend net rates forms resulting gene flow into recipient populations. Yet, the degrees to which observed sex ratios physical translate multi‐generational genetic legacies have not been explicitly quantified in natural meta‐populations, precluding inference how movements effective eco‐evolutionary outcomes. Our analyses three decades complete song sparrow ( Melospiza melodia ) pedigree data show that contributions from regular immigrants substantially exceeded those contemporary natives, consistent with heterosis‐enhanced introgression. However, while female natives by up three‐fold, male immigrants' lineages typically went locally extinct soon after arriving. Both overall magnitude, degree bias, therefore greatly would be inferred arrivals, altering multiple implications immigration.

Language: Английский

---