Integrated Genomic Selection for Accelerating Breeding Programs of Climate-Smart Cereals

Genes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 1484 - 1484

Published: July 21, 2023

Rapidly rising population and climate changes are two critical issues that require immediate action to achieve sustainable development goals. The is posing increased demand for food, thereby pushing an acceleration in agricultural production. Furthermore, anthropogenic activities have resulted environmental pollution such as water soil degradation well alterations the composition concentration of gases. These affecting not only biodiversity loss but also physio-biochemical processes crop plants, resulting a stress-induced decline yield. To overcome problems ensure supply food material, consistent efforts being made develop strategies techniques increase yield enhance tolerance toward climate-induced stress. Plant breeding evolved after domestication initially remained dependent on phenotype-based selection improvement. But it has grown through cytological biochemical methods, newer contemporary methods based DNA-marker-based help agronomically useful traits. now supported by high-end molecular biology tools like PCR, high-throughput genotyping phenotyping, data from morpho-physiology, statistical tools, bioinformatics, machine learning. After establishing its worth animal breeding, genomic (GS), improved variant marker-assisted (MAS), way into crop-breeding programs powerful tool. novel innovative marker-based models genetic evaluation, GS makes use markers. can amend complex traits shorten period, making advantageous over pedigree (MAS). It reduces time resources required plant while allowing gain attributes. been taken new heights integrating advanced technologies speed learning, environmental/weather further harness potential, approach known integrated (IGS). This review highlights IGS strategies, procedures, approaches, associated emerging issues, with special emphasis cereal crops. In this domain, highlight potential cutting-edge innovation climate-smart crops endure abiotic stresses motive keeping production quality at par global demand.

Language: Английский

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Rapid upwards spread of non-native plants in mountains across continents

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 405 - 413

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

Abstract High-elevation ecosystems are among the few worldwide that not yet heavily invaded by non-native plants. This is expected to change as species expand their range limits upwards fill climatic niches and respond ongoing anthropogenic disturbances. Yet, whether how quickly these changes happening has only been assessed in a isolated cases. Starting 2007, we conducted repeated surveys of plant distributions along mountain roads 11 regions from 5 continents. We show over 5- 10-year period, number increased on average approximately 16% per decade across regions. The direction magnitude upper limit shifts depended elevation all Supported null-model approach accounting for chance alone, found greater than upward at lower/mid elevations least seven After dependence, significant were detected further three (revealing evidence 10 regions). Together, our results environments becoming increasingly exposed biological invasions, emphasizing need monitor prevent potential biosecurity issues emerging high-elevation ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Running off the road: roadside non-native plants invading mountain vegetation

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 20(12), P. 3461 - 3473

Published: June 27, 2018

Language: Английский

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Think globally, measure locally: The MIREN standardized protocol for monitoring plant species distributions along elevation gradients

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Abstract Climate change and other global drivers threaten plant diversity in mountains worldwide. A widely documented response to such environmental modifications is for species their elevational ranges. Range shifts are often idiosyncratic difficult generalize, partly due variation sampling methods. There thus a need standardized monitoring strategy that can be applied across mountain regions assess distribution changes community turnover of native non‐native over space time. Here, we present conceptually intuitive protocol developed by the Mountain Invasion Research Network (MIREN) systematically quantify patterns distributions along elevation gradients arising from interactive effects climate human disturbance. Usually repeated every five years, surveys consist 20 sample sites located at equal increments three replicate roads per region. At each site, plots extend side road into surrounding natural vegetation. The has been successfully used 18 worldwide 2007 present. Analyses one point time already generated some salient results, revealed region‐specific richness, but globally consistent decline richness. Non‐native plants were also more abundant directly adjacent edges, suggesting disturbed roadsides serve as vector invasions mountains. From upcoming analyses series, even exciting results expected, especially about range shifts. Implementing would help generate complete picture how alters distributions. This inform conservation policy ecosystems, where policies remain poorly implemented.

Language: Английский

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Expanding horizon of invasive alien plants under the interacting effects of global climate change: multifaceted impacts and management prospects

Climate Change Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100092 - 100092

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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A global examination on the differential impacts of roadsides on native vs. exotic and weedy plant species

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17, P. e00555 - e00555

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Roads cause multiple ecological impacts by altering biotic and abiotic conditions that affect ecosystem structure functioning from local to regional scales. Roadside plant assemblages are driven the interplay between propagule arrival seedling establishment, which highly influenced roadside characteristics, landscape configuration road management maintenance practices. Multiple species with different growth forms use roadsides as temporary or permanent habitats and/or dispersal corridors. Over past seven decades, numerous studies have documented how distribution of species; however, a comprehensive review those is lacking in literature. Here, we addressed this issue found 1,098 met all study eligibility criteria. half reported effects on exotic/weed only, but one indicated positive effect, around three quarters considered native showed effect such species. Only 10 corroborated linear corridors some expand their distributional ranges. Generally, had most for landscapes greatly impacted intensive agriculture, urbanization forest management, while negative were concentrated areas not been altered humans. Furthermore, regarding within few regions world. We conclude key maintain biodiversity, especially modified anthropogenic landscapes, also serve exotic

Language: Английский

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Species composition, stand structure, and regeneration status of tree species in dry Afromontane forests of Awi Zone, northwestern Ethiopia

Ecosystem health and sustainability, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 199 - 215

Published: Jan. 2, 2019

ABSTRACT Species composition, structure, and regeneration status of trees were assessed in five dry Afromontane forests. In each the forests, having ≥5 cm diameter at breast height identified measured 80 quadrats (20 × 20 m 2 ). We compared tree species composition similarities, stem densities, frequencies, basal area importance value index trees. Harvesting was calculated to 13.3% least disturbed 22.5% highly A total 1,655 individuals representing 38 28 families recorded. The densities varied from 364.1 664.1stem ha −1 with an average 20.7 . analysis showed significant differences areas between Seedling ranged 2000 8162.5 sapling 512.5 2562.5 anthropogenic disturbances revealed high degradation population structure statutes studied forest ecosystem. conclusion, study provided empirical results on dominance, species, which would be instrumental for development successful rehabilitation strategies

Language: Английский

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Hiking trails as conduits for the spread of non-native species in mountain areas

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 22(3), P. 1121 - 1134

Published: Dec. 4, 2019

Abstract Roadsides are major pathways of plant invasions in mountain regions. However, the increasing importance tourism may also turn hiking trails into conduits non-native spread to remote landscapes. Here, we evaluated such for invasion five protected areas southern central Chile. We therefore sampled native and species along 17 adjacent undisturbed vegetation. analyzed whether number cover local assemblages is related distance trail a additional variables that characterize abiotic biotic environment as well usage trail. found at higher elevations subset lowland source pool their decreases with elevation trails, although this latter variable only explained 4–8% variation data. In addition, richness were positively correlated signs livestock presence but negatively intact forest These results suggest that, least region studied, have indeed fostered elevations, less efficiently than roadsides. As corollary, appropriate planning management could become increasingly important control mountains world which warming where visitation recreational use mountainous expected increase.

Language: Английский

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What Will the Future Bring for Biological Invasions on Islands? An Expert-Based Assessment

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Sept. 4, 2020

Biological invasions are a major threat to global biodiversity with particularly strong implications for island biodiversity. Much research has been dedicated towards understanding historic and current changes in alien species distribution impacts on islands potential under future climate change. However, projections of how richness might develop the still lacking. In absence reliable projections, expert-based assessments valuable tool investigate importance different drivers pathways distributions biological invasions. These insights can guide subsequent quantification efforts inform invasive management policy. this study, we performed survey among 126 experts invasion science ranging from scientists managers decision makers focus systems until mid-21st century. The revealed that out 15 drivers, six were considered important by almost all respondents (>90%). Of these, trade & transport was identified as most at introduction stage (99.2%) land use/cover change establishment (96.8%) spread (95.2%) stage. Additionally, more likely be introduced (93.7%) (78.6%) stowaways than through any other pathway. general, agreed will increase types islands, oceanic followed atolls continental islands. Within terrestrial ecosystems assumed impacted severely marine ecosystems. Finally, hints effective communication, scientific increased pro-active reduce their consequences. Given represented these results provide crucial relevant regional conservation efforts.

Language: Английский

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Railways redistribute plant species in mountain landscapes

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 58(9), P. 1967 - 1980

Published: July 6, 2021

Abstract The significant portion of global terrestrial biodiversity harboured in the mountains is under increasing threat from various anthropogenic impacts. Protecting fragile mountain ecosystems requires understanding how these human disturbances affect biodiversity. As roads and railways are extended further into ecosystems, long‐term impacts this infrastructure on community composition diversity gains urgency. We used railway corridors constructed across mountainous landscapes Kashmir Himalaya 1994 to 2013 study effects disturbance species distributions dynamics. In 2014 2017, we collected vegetation data along 31 T‐shaped transects laid perpendicular line, adopting MIREN (Mountain Invasion Research Network) road survey methodology. Plant communities shifted significantly potentially because an ongoing redistribution after construction, driven mainly by declines both native non‐native richness, abundance a few species, especially areas away track. These patterns indicate advancing succession, where initially—rare—pioneer replaced increasingly dominant often competitors, suggest trend towards delayed local extinctions event. Native richness was negatively correlated with elevation, but that relationship diminished over time, non‐natives at higher elevations. Synthesis applications . Transport seem facilitate spread elevations, which has serious implications considering warming tops. Our results plant next do not reach equilibrium quickly disturbance. More than 10 years establishment within Himalaya, succession continued, signs pointed landscape dominated species. indicates single event associated constructing Himalayan region had large long‐lasting around transport corridor suggests need for region‐wide coordinated monitoring management program.

Language: Английский

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