Emergent properties in the responses of tropical corals to recurrent climate extremes

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(23), P. 5393 - 5399.e3

Published: Nov. 4, 2021

Language: Английский

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Coral‐bleaching responses to climate change across biological scales

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(14), P. 4229 - 4250

Published: April 27, 2022

Abstract The global impacts of climate change are evident in every marine ecosystem. On coral reefs, mass bleaching and mortality have emerged as ubiquitous responses to ocean warming, yet one the greatest challenges this epiphenomenon is linking information across scientific disciplines spatial temporal scales. Here we review some seminal recent coral‐bleaching discoveries from an ecological, physiological, molecular perspective. We also evaluate which data processes can improve predictive models provide a conceptual framework that integrates measurements biological Taking integrative approach scales, using for example hierarchical estimate major coral‐reef processes, will not only rapidly advance science but necessary guide decision‐making conservation efforts. To conserve encourage implementing mesoscale sanctuaries (thousands km 2 ) transcend national boundaries. Such networks protected reefs reef connectivity, through larval dispersal transverse thermal environments, genotypic repositories may become essential units selection environmentally diverse locations. Together, multinational be best chance corals persist change, while humanity struggles reduce emissions greenhouse gases net zero.

Language: Английский

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Priorities to inform research on marine plastic pollution in Southeast Asia

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 841, P. 156704 - 156704

Published: June 17, 2022

Southeast Asia is considered to have some of the highest levels marine plastic pollution in world. It therefore vitally important increase our understanding impacts and risks ecosystems essential services they provide support development mitigation measures region. An interdisciplinary, international network experts (Australia, Indonesia, Ireland, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, United Kingdom, Vietnam) set a research agenda for region, synthesizing current knowledge highlighting areas further Asia. Using an inductive method, 21 questions emerged under five non-predefined key themes, grouping them according which: (1) characterise Asia; (2) explore its movement fate across region; (3) describe biological chemical modifications undergoes; (4) detail environmental, social, economic impacts; and, finally, (5) target regional policies possible solutions. Questions relating these priority highlight importance better pollution, degradation, it can generate communities different ecosystem services. Knowledge aspects will help actions which currently suffer from transboundary problems, lack responsibility, inaction tackle issue point source Being profoundly affected by Asian countries opportunity test effectiveness innovative socially inclusive changes governance, as well both high low-tech solutions, offer insights actionable models rest

Language: Английский

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Small Islands

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 2043 - 2122

Published: June 22, 2023

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Language: Английский

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The recent normalization of historical marine heat extremes

PLOS Climate, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1(2), P. e0000007 - e0000007

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Climate change exposes marine ecosystems to extreme conditions with increasing frequency. Capitalizing on the global reconstruction of sea surface temperature (SST) records from 1870-present, we present a centennial-scale index heat within coherent and comparable statistical framework. A spatially (1° × 1°) temporally (monthly) resolved normalized historical events was expressed as fraction year that exceeds locally determined, monthly varying 98 th percentile SST gradients derived first 50 years climatological (1870–1919). For 2019, our reports 57% ocean recorded heat, which comparatively rare (approximately 2%) during period second industrial revolution. Significant increases in extent over past century resulted many local climates have shifted out their bounds across economically ecologically important regions. ocean, 2014 exceed 50% threshold thereby becoming “normal”, South Atlantic (1998) Indian (2007) basins crossing this barrier earlier. By focusing extremes, provide an alternative framework may help better contextualize dramatic changes currently occurring systems.

Language: Английский

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Present and future bright and dark spots for coral reefs through climate change

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(15), P. 4509 - 4522

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

Marine heatwaves can cause coral bleaching and reduce cover on reefs, yet few studies have identified "bright spots," where corals recently shown a capacity to survive such pressures. We analyzed 7714 worldwide surveys from 1997 2018 along with 14 environmental temperature metrics in hierarchical Bayesian model identify conditions that contribute present-day cover. also locations significantly higher (i.e., spots") lower "dark than regionally expected. In addition, using 4-km downscaled data of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 8.5, we projected reefs for the years 2050 2100. Coral modern was positively associated historically high maximum sea-surface temperatures (SSTs), negatively contemporary SSTs, tropical-cyclone frequencies, human-population densities. By 2100, under RCP8.5, relative decreases >40% most globally but less decline Indonesia, Malaysia, central Philippines, New Caledonia, Fiji, French Polynesia, which should be focal localities multinational networks protected areas.

Language: Английский

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Oceanic differences in coral-bleaching responses to marine heatwaves

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 871, P. 162113 - 162113

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Anomalously high ocean temperatures have increased in frequency, intensity, and duration over the last several decades because of greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming marine heatwaves. Reef-building corals are sensitive to such temperature anomalies commonly lead coral bleaching, mortality, changes community structure. Yet, despite these overarching effects, there geographical differences thermal regimes, evolutionary histories, past disturbances may different bleaching responses within among oceans. Here we examined overall Atlantic, Indian, Pacific Oceans, using both a spatially explicit Bayesian mixed-effects model deep-learning neural-network model. We used 40-year dataset encompassing 23,288 coral-reef surveys at 11,058 sites 88 countries, from 1980 2020. Focusing on ocean-wide assessed relationships between percentage bleached temperature-related metrics alongside suite environmental variables. found while sea-surface were consistently, strongly, related all oceans, clear most For instance, was an increase with depth Atlantic Ocean whereas opposite observed Indian Ocean, no trend could be seen Ocean. The standard deviation thermal-stress negatively but not Globally, has progressively occurred higher four although, again, three Together, patterns highlight historical circumstances oceanographic conditions play central role contemporary coral-bleaching responses.

Language: Английский

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Increase in the extent of mass coral bleaching over the past half-century, based on an updated global database

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. e0281719 - e0281719

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

The recurrence of mass coral bleaching and associated mortality in the past few decades have raised questions about future reef ecosystems. Although is well studied, our understanding spatial extent events continues to be limited by geographical biases data collection. To address this gap, we updated a previous observational database spatially modelled probability occurrence. First, an existing raw was cover 1963–2017 period using searches academic grey literature outreach monitoring organizations. Then, order provide spatially-explicit global coverage, employed indicator kriging model occurrence each year from 1985 through 2017 at 0.05° x lat-long resolution. has 37,774 observations, including 22,650 positive reports, three times that version. interpolation suggests 71% world’s reefs likely (>66% probability) experienced least once during period. mean across all globally 29–45% most severe years 1998, 2005, 2010 2016. Modelled probabilities were positively related with annual maximum Degree Heating Weeks (DHW), measure thermal stress, (p<0.001), event (p<0.01). In addition, DHW cells very (>90% increased over time rate cells, suggesting possible increase tolerance. interpolated databases can used other researchers enhance real-time predictions, calibrate models for projections, assess change response stress time.

Language: Английский

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An Experimental Framework for Selectively Breeding Corals for Assisted Evolution

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: May 28, 2021

Coral cover on tropical reefs has declined during the last three decades due to combined effects of climate change, destructive fishing, pollution, and land use change. Drastic reductions in greenhouse gas emissions with effective coastal management conservation strategies are essential slow this decline. Innovative approaches, such as selective breeding for adaptive traits large-scale sexual propagation, being developed aim pre-adapting increased ocean warming. However, there still major gaps our understanding technical methodological constraints producing corals restoration interventions. Here we propose a framework selectively rearing them from eggs 2.5-year old colonies using coral Acropora digitifera model species. We present methods choosing crossing, enhancing early survivorship ex situ nurseries, outplanting monitoring natal reefs. used short-term (7-day) temperature stress assay select parental based heat tolerance excised branches. From six colonies, produced 12 distinct crosses, compared growth transferred nurseries or outplanted reef at different ages. demonstrate that is technically feasible small scales could be upscaled part restorative assisted evolution initiatives. Nonetheless, challenges overcome before can implemented viable tool, especially post-settlement phases. Although interdisciplinary approaches will needed many identified study, potential tool within managers toolbox support persistence selected face

Language: Английский

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Projecting coral responses to intensifying marine heatwaves under ocean acidification

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(5), P. 1753 - 1765

Published: Aug. 3, 2021

Abstract Over this century, coral reefs will run the gauntlet of climate change, as marine heatwaves (MHWs) become more intense and frequent, ocean acidification (OA) progresses. However, we still lack a quantitative assessment how, to what degree, OA moderate responses corals MHWs they intensify throughout century. Here, first projected future MHW intensities for tropical regions under three greenhouse gas emissions scenario (representative concentration pathways, RCP2.6, RCP4.5 RCP8.5) near‐term (2021–2040), mid‐century (2041–2060) late‐century (2081–2100). We then combined these intensity projections with global data set 1,788 experiments assess attribute performance survival scenarios near‐term, in presence absence OA. Although warming had predominately additive impacts on responses, contribution affecting most attributes was minor relative dominant role intensifying MHWs. addition led greater decreases photosynthesis intermediate unrestricted mid‐ than if were considered only driver. These results show that modulating depended focal extremity examined. Specifically, cause increasing instances bleaching substantial declines productivity, calcification within next two decades low scenario. suggest must rapidly adapt or acclimatize conditions persist, which is far likely efforts manage enhance resilience.

Language: Английский

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