Local immune recognition of trophoblast in early human pregnancy: controversies and questions

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 222 - 235

Published: Oct. 3, 2022

Language: Английский

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The conneXion between sex and immune responses

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 487 - 502

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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Immune Response to Respiratory Viral Infections

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 6178 - 6178

Published: June 4, 2024

The respiratory system is constantly exposed to viral infections that are responsible for mild severe diseases. In this narrative review, we focalized the attention on syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and acute syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, high morbidity mortality in last decades. We reviewed human innate adaptive immune responses airways following infection, focusing a particular population: newborns pregnant women. recent Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted how our interest pathologies must not decrease. Furthermore, increase knowledge of infection mechanisms improve future defense strategies.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Estrogen and Progesterone on Immune Cells and Host–Pathogen Interactions in the Lower Female Reproductive Tract

The Journal of Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 209(8), P. 1437 - 1449

Published: Oct. 15, 2022

Abstract Microbial infections are a threat to women’s reproductive health. Although cycles and pregnancy controlled by sex hormones, the impact of hormones on host–pathogen interactions immune function in female tract understudied. Furthermore, changing endocrine environment throughout may influence how when women susceptible ascending infection. Because most intrauterine microbial originate lower tract, it is vital that future studies determine different hormonal conditions tract’s susceptibility infection understand temporal components susceptibilities across pregnancy. These should also extend nonpregnant women, as critical establish fluctuations menstrual cycle contraceptives disease susceptibility. This review summarizes current knowledge estrogen progesterone vaginal cervical mucosal immunity, barrier function, with communities.

Language: Английский

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Sex and gender differences during the lung lifespan: unveiling a pivotal impact

European Respiratory Review, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 34(175), P. 240121 - 240121

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Sex and gender differences significantly influence lung parenchyma development, beginning as early the embryonic stages of human life. Although this association is well known in clinical manifestations some relevant pulmonary diseases, there less data available regarding their effects on cell biological programmes across different body development. A deep understanding these mechanisms could help defining preventive strategies tailored to a fully personalised approach respiratory medicine. From perspective, review aims analyse sex bronchoalveolar vascular compartments from neonatal through adolescence, adulthood elder age.

Language: Английский

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Decoding Immune Dynamics in Pregnant Women: Key Gene Expression Changes Following Influenza Vaccination

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 3765 - 3765

Published: April 16, 2025

Pregnant women are at an increased risk of severe influenza complications, necessitating vaccination as a preventive measure. Despite World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for during pregnancy, rates remain suboptimal in many regions. This study aims to identify key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and biological pathways modulated by pregnant pre- post-vaccination, contributing improved vaccine strategies. Microarray data from gene expression omnibus GEO dataset GSE166545 was analyzed DEGs blood samples three time points: pre-vaccination (Day 0) post-vaccination (Days 0 1) 1 7). were filtered using adjusted p-value < 0.05 |log2 fold change| ≥ 1. Protein/protein interaction (PPI) networks, hub identification, pathway enrichment analyses conducted STRING, Cytoscape, Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG), Reactome databases. Hub validation performed the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) GTEx Portal. The analysis revealed 60 up-regulated 12,854 down-regulated vs. 7), 55 12,933 1), two with no Key included interferon alpha/beta (IFN-γ\ β) signaling toll-like receptor (TLR). such GBP1, CXCL10, RSAD2, IFI44 demonstrated robust up-regulation, correlating enhanced immune responses. initial observation JCHAIN’s notable up-regulation occurred on seventh day following vaccination. Validation confirmed these genes’ roles antiviral defense mechanisms findings reveal distinct response dynamics vaccination, highlighting potential biomarkers efficacy. underscores importance tailored strategies improve maternal neonatal outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Introduction to the immunology of pregnancy

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 308(1), P. 5 - 8

Published: May 30, 2022

Cases of recurrent abortion, implantation failure, and babies with hemolytic disease the newborn still puzzle us question "why did your mother reject you?" Immunological rejection was introduced more than 70 years ago by Sir Peter Medawar, a Nobel laureate that recognized pregnancy as semiallograft escapes rejection. in early 1950s, acknowledged for first time unique immunological complexity maternal-fetal interaction its potential relevance transplantation. He described "fetal allograft analogy" which fetus is viewed semiallogeneic conceptus evades Over next 50–60 years, research has focused on elucidating mechanisms immune tolerance could explain fetal paradigm. The inadequate understanding immunology major repercussions how we approach treatment prevention multiple complications. challenging questions confront reproductive immunologists include: (i) are pregnant women susceptible to infectious threats, (ii) does viral infection affect outcome, (iii) prophylaxis appropriate beneficial women? More decade ago, concept system "unique complexity"1 since one hand it tolerate paternal antigens present fetus, while maintaining an active protective mechanism against microbial infections.2 In last 10 have witnessed growth our shaped clinical reproduction. To discuss some new perspectives, invited experts field examine basic concepts challenges. foundation consists question: can full 9 months? Medawar proposed three possibilities been extensively explored: (1) Isolation from maternal (mechanical barrier); (2) suppression system; or (3) be antigenically immature—invisible mother.3-5 As discussed Dr. Petroff Ding,6, 7 none these previous postulations proven correct. Therefore, critical carefully review them. her colleagues provide historical overview medicine impact taken if not centuries evolve.7 Ding view associated adaptation system.6 Liao's group describes regulation involve expression check points.8 Timova role NK cells molecular regulating their differentiation function.9 same view, Zhang Li related alterations lead complications.10 process Drs. Sun et al. Petroff,7, 11 well Morelli Sadovsky12 who communication between placenta system. An intriguing aspect at site, represent high percentage cell types endometrium increase during pregnancy. Dissecting phenotype area research. A fundamental feature protect host pathogens. This function depends upon innate system's capacity coordinate migration surveillance, recognize respond invading microorganisms. During normal pregnancy, human decidua contains number cells, majority such macrophages, dendritic (DCs), natural killer (NK) adaptive CD4+ T CD8+ regulatory (Treg).13 These indifferent presence interact cellular component placenta, trophoblast. Additionally, used evidence sequestration; however, work many others proved success pregnancy.13-20 play balance antigens, support developmental protection pathogens endanger reviewed this issue.7, 8, 13, 21 From point considered monolithic where environment first, second third trimester. However, observed essential preparation creating inflammatory environment22, 23 leading change only anti-inflammatory environment.1, 24 Every stage demands will protection. Implantation placentation requires inflammation, enhanced tolerance, therefore, requiring signals, finally parturition, aging organ (placenta), environment.25 transition pro status pregnancy,26 result cells.8, 27, 28 Embryo-derived hCG modulatory factors signals uterus.27 several studies shown trophoblast secretes modulate pro-inflammatory into phenotype.28-30 differs Medawar's original conceptualization observation based assumption expressing proteins, under conditions, should rejected. While there very specific preventing response evolved established cooperative status, helping each other through cytokines hormones secreted educate uterine cells,31 determines maternal/fetal interface, systemic system.32-35 Interestingly, changes take place remain after delivery suggesting long term effect system36 another difference host/graft process. explanation generalized suppression, similar what induced transplant patients. evolutionary difficult conceive suppressed condition. Immune would infections dangerous environmental signals. There no scientific demonstrate suppression; instead, strong capable protecting fetus. response.37 All suggest resembles tumor-induced rather graft-induced tolerance. We issue elsewhere.2, 6 facts might answer whether threats. Clearly they not, doubt global those influenced Both immunologically overall mother. words, combination responses originated fetal-placental originating way behave (Figure 1). outcome relevant reality pandemics. Although prepared contain control infections, exemplified COVID-19 pandemic, development unknown. Adams Waldorf's group35 Menon21 Fetal Inflammatory Syndrome. Similarly, colleagues6 novel exacerbated response. Maternal Activation (MIA) bacterial thought risk problems autism spectrum disorders (ASD), schizophrenia, allergies mortality complications preterm birth.38 developed animal model exposure mice murine herpes virus (MHV68)39-41 responsible modifications recognition products termination (preterm birth), death cases mortality.40, 41 Furthermore, preliminary showed although were able detect tissues, elicit morphological brain condition tissues40 syndrome Manon.21 consequence findings three: certainly yes. Prophylaxis treatments prevent MIA absolutely baby. Vaccinations offer triple benefits/protection: mother, future health offspring. conclusion, implications: (overcoming infertility), ensuring but generations. author declares conflict interest.

Language: Английский

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A Mother’s Dilemma: The 5-P Model for Vaccine Decision-Making in Pregnancy

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1248 - 1248

Published: July 17, 2023

Pregnant women are a highly vaccine-resistant population and face unique circumstances that complicate vaccine decision-making. also at increased risk of adverse maternal neonatal outcomes to many vaccine-preventable diseases. Several models have been proposed describe factors informing hesitancy acceptance. However, none these existing applicable the complex decision-making involved with acceptance during pregnancy. We propose model for in pregnancy incorporates following key factors: (1) perceived information sufficiency regarding vaccination risks pregnancy, (2) harm avoidance protect fetus, (3) relationship healthcare provider, (4) benefits vaccination, (5) disease susceptibility severity In addition factors, availability research on safety social determinants health, structural barriers access, prior acceptance, trust system play roles As final step, pregnant individual must balance themselves their which adds greater complexity decision. Our represents first step synthesizing by women, who represent high infectious

Language: Английский

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Sex and Gender Differences in Tuberculosis Pathogenesis and Treatment Outcomes

Current topics in microbiology and immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 139 - 183

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Prophylactic and therapeutic mouse models for evaluating immunologic resilience to infection with influenza virus by Immulina® (Part 1)

Phytomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 132, P. 155588 - 155588

Published: April 2, 2024

Illness resulting from influenza is a global health problem that has significant adverse socioeconomic impact. Although various strategies such as flu vaccination have beneficial effects, the risk of this illness not been eliminated. The use botanicals may provide complementary approach by enhancement host antiviral immune response.

Language: Английский

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