bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Sept. 22, 2022
The primary two-dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine series are strongly immunogenic in humans, but the emergence of highly infectious variants necessitated additional doses these vaccines and development new variant-derived ones
Language: Английский
Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(5), P. 1373 - 1383
Published: April 30, 2024
Abstract The paucity of information on longevity vaccine-induced immune responses and uncertainty the correlates protection hinder development evidence-based COVID-19 vaccination policies for new birth cohorts. Here, to address these knowledge gaps, we conducted a cohort study healthy 5–12-year-olds vaccinated with BNT162b2. We serially measured binding neutralizing antibody titers (nAbs), spike-specific memory B cell (MBC) spike-reactive T over 1 year. found that children mounted antibody, MBC after two doses BNT162b2, higher than adults 6 months vaccination. A booster (third) dose only improved without impacting responses. Among hybrid immunity, nAbs were highest in those infected vaccine doses. Binding IgG titers, predictive, cells being most important predictor against symptomatic infection before immunity; correlated immunity. stable time suggest sustained SARS-CoV-2 infection, even when wane. Booster vaccinations do not confer additional immunological children.
Language: Английский
Citations
20
Cell Reports Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(11), P. 100793 - 100793
Published: Oct. 6, 2022
Unlike mRNA vaccines based only on the spike protein, inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) should induce a diversified T cell response recognizing distinct structural proteins. Here, we perform comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2-specific cells in healthy individuals following vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccines. Relative to vaccination, elicit lower magnitude spike-specific cells, but combination membrane, nucleoprotein, and is quantitatively comparable sole induced by vaccine, they efficiently tolerate mutations characterizing Omicron lineage. However, this multi-protein-specific not mediated coordinated CD4 CD8 expansion selective priming cells. These findings can help understanding role efficacy different control COVID-19 after infection.
Language: Английский
Citations
58
Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14
Published: Jan. 27, 2023
SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response has been proven essential for viral clearance, COVID-19 outcome and long-term memory. Impaired early cell-driven immunity leads to a severe form of the disease associated with lymphopenia, hyperinflammation imbalanced humoral response. Analyses acute SARS-CoV-2 infection have revealed that mild course is characterized by an induction specific cells within first 7 days symptoms, coordinately followed antibody production effective control infection. In contrast, patients who do not develop cellular initiate immune subsequent high levels antibodies, symptoms. Yet, delayed persistent bystander CD8+ activation also reported in hospitalized could be driver lung pathology. Literature supports maintenance appears more stable than titters. Up date, virus-specific memory detected 22 months post-symptom onset, predominant IL-2 compared IFN-γ. Furthermore, responses are conserved against emerging variants concern (VoCs) while these mostly able evade responses. This partly explained HLA polymorphism whereby epitope repertoire recognized differ among individuals, greatly decreasing likelihood escape. Current COVID-19-vaccination shown elicit Th1-driven spike-specific response, as does natural infection, which provides substantial protection death. addition, mucosal vaccination induce strong adaptive both locally systemically protect VoCs animal models. The optimization vaccine formulations including variety regions, innovative adjuvants or diverse administration routes result desirable enhanced memory, help prevent breakthrough infections. summary, increasing evidence highlights relevance monitoring only levels, correlate after and/or vaccination. Moreover, it may better identify target populations benefit most from booster doses personalize strategies.
Language: Английский
Citations
38
The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. e24 - e33
Published: Dec. 1, 2023
SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immunity more than 1 year after initial infection has not been well characterised. The aim of this study was to investigate the durability and cross-reactivity immunological memory acquired from natural against SARS-CoV-2 in individuals recovered COVID-19 2 years infection.
Language: Английский
Citations
32
Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 177 - 177
Published: Jan. 22, 2023
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative pathogen of disease 19 (COVID-19). COVID-19 can manifest with a heterogenous spectrum severity, from mild upper airways infection to severe interstitial pneumonia and devastating distress (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 may induce an over activation immune system release high concentrations pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading “cytokine storm”, recognized pathogenetic mechanism in genesis SARS-CoV-2-induced lung disease. This overproduction inflammatory cytokines has been as poor prognostic factor, since it lead progression, organ failure, ARDS death. Moreover, shows dysregulated activity, particularly through activated macrophages T-helper cells co-occurrent exhaustion lymphocytes. We carried out non-systematic literature review aimed at providing overview current knowledge on pathologic mechanisms played by inflammation An potential treatments for this harmful condition contrasting storm” also presented. Finally, look experimented experimental vaccines against included.
Language: Английский
Citations
29
Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(1), P. 25 - 34.e5
Published: Nov. 28, 2023
Language: Английский
Citations
28
Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 862 - 862
Published: June 22, 2023
Neutralizing antibodies are considered a correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19, although they not the only contributing factor to immunity: T-cell responses important in protecting COVID-19 success vaccination effort. after largely mirror those natural magnitude functional capacity, but breadth, as T-cells induced by exclusively target surface spike glycoprotein. offer long-lived line defense and, unlike humoral responses, retain reactivity variants. Given increasingly recognized role circulation variants, potential implementation novel vaccines, it becomes imperative continuously monitor responses. In addition “classical” assays requiring isolation peripheral blood mononuclear cells, simple whole-blood-based interferon-γ release have routine response monitoring. These could be particularly useful for immunocompromised people other clinically vulnerable populations, where interactions between cellular immunity complex. As we continue live alongside importance considering whole, incorporating both is crucial.
Language: Английский
Citations
27
Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 849 - 849
Published: April 15, 2023
The global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines has played a critical role in reducing pandemic spread, disease severity, hospitalizations, and deaths. However, the first-generation failed to block severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection transmission, partially due limited induction mucosal immunity, leading continuous emergence variants concern (VOC) breakthrough infections. To meet challenges from VOC, durability, lack immune response vaccines, novel approaches are being investigated. Herein, we have discussed current knowledge pertaining natural vaccine-induced controlling SARS-CoV2 infection. We also presented status aimed at eliciting both systemic immunity. Finally, adjuvant-free approach elicit effective immunity against SARS-CoV-2, which lacks safety concerns associated with live-attenuated vaccine platforms.
Language: Английский
Citations
24
Nature Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(7), P. 1063 - 1081
Published: April 12, 2024
Abstract Tumor-specific T cells are crucial in anti-tumor immunity and act as targets for cancer immunotherapies. However, these numerically scarce functionally exhausted the tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to inefficacious immunotherapies most patients with cancer. By contrast, emerging evidence suggested that tumor-irrelevant bystander (T BYS ) abundant preserve functional memory properties TME. To leverage TME eliminate cells, we engineered oncolytic virus (OV) encoding epitopes (OV-BYTE) redirect antigen specificity of pre-existing effective inhibition multiple preclinical models. Mechanistically, OV-BYTE induced epitope spreading antigens elicit more diverse tumor-specific cell responses. Remarkably, strategy targeting human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific efficiently inhibited progression a cell-derived xenograft model, providing important insights into improvement large population history SARS-CoV-2 infection or disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination.
Language: Английский
Citations
13
Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)
Published: Feb. 25, 2024
Abstract Global concern over COVID-19 vaccine distribution disparities highlights the need for strategic booster shots. We explored longitudinal antibody responses post-booster during Omicron wave in a Japanese cohort, emphasizing prior infection and doses. This prospective cohort study included 1763 participants aged 18 years older with at least three doses (7376 datapoints). Antibody levels were measured every 2 months. modeled temporal declines after boosters according to status using Bayesian linear mixed-effects interval-censored model, considering age, sex, underlying conditions, lifestyle. Prior enhanced immunity (posterior median 0.346, 95% credible interval [CrI] 0.335–0.355), maintaining 0.021; CrI 0.019–0.023) 1 year, contrast uninfected individuals whose had waned by 8 months post-vaccination. Each additional was correlated higher baseline slower declines, comparing third dose. Female immunosuppressive status, smoking history associated lower post-vaccination antibodies, but not decline rates except age main model. tailored, efficient, personalized strategies are crucial, health
Language: Английский
Citations
11