Melatonin as an antioxidant: under promises but over delivers

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 61(3), P. 253 - 278

Published: Aug. 8, 2016

Melatonin is uncommonly effective in reducing oxidative stress under a remarkably large number of circumstances. It achieves this action via variety means: direct detoxification reactive oxygen and nitrogen species indirectly by stimulating antioxidant enzymes while suppressing the activity pro-oxidant enzymes. In addition to these well-described actions, melatonin also reportedly chelates transition metals, which are involved Fenton/Haber-Weiss reactions; doing so, reduces formation devastatingly toxic hydroxyl radical resulting reduction stress. Melatonin's ubiquitous but unequal intracellular distribution, including its high concentrations mitochondria, likely aid capacity resist cellular apoptosis. There credible evidence suggest that should be classified as mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. prevent damage associated physiological debilitation well documented numerous experimental ischemia/reperfusion (hypoxia/reoxygenation) studies especially brain (stroke) heart (heart attack). Melatonin, antiradical mechanisms, toxicity noxious prescription drugs methamphetamine, drug abuse. Experimental findings indicate renders treatment-resistant cancers sensitive various therapeutic agents may useful, due multiple delaying perhaps treating age-related diseases dehumanizing conditions. has been effectively used combat stress, inflammation apoptosis restore tissue function human trials; efficacy supports more extensive use wider studies. The high-safety profile bolsters conclusion. current feeling authors that, view widely diverse beneficial functions have reported for melatonin, merely epiphenomena fundamental, yet-to-be identified basic action(s) ancient molecule.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin as a natural ally against oxidative stress: a physicochemical examination

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 51(1), P. 1 - 16

Published: June 14, 2011

Abstract: Oxidative stress has been proven to be related the onset of a large number health disorders. This chemical is triggered by an excess free radicals, which are generated in cells because wide variety exogenous and endogenous processes. Therefore, finding strategies for efficiently detoxifying radicals become subject great interest, from both academic practical points view. Melatonin ubiquitous versatile molecule that exhibits most desirable characteristics good antioxidant. The amount data gathered so far regarding protective action melatonin against oxidative overwhelming. However, rather little known concerning mechanisms involved this activity. review summarizes current progress understanding physicochemical insights radical–scavenging activity melatonin. Thus far, there general agreement electron transfer hydrogen main reactions with radicals. relative importance other also analyzed. nature reacting radical influence on different these reactions. point discussed detail review. Based available data, it concluded protects mechanisms. Moreover, proposed even though referred as expression darkness, perhaps could light health.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin—A pleiotropic, orchestrating regulator molecule

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 93(3), P. 350 - 384

Published: Dec. 29, 2010

Language: Английский

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Physiological effects of melatonin: Role of melatonin receptors and signal transduction pathways

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 85(3), P. 335 - 353

Published: April 17, 2008

Language: Английский

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Melatonin: Pharmacology, Functions and Therapeutic Benefits

Current Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 434 - 443

Published: Feb. 28, 2017

Background: Melatonin synchronizes central but also peripheral oscillators (fetal adrenal gland, pancreas, liver, kidney, heart, lung, fat, gut, etc.), allowing temporal organization of biological functions through circadian rhythms (24-hour cycles) in relation to periodic environmental changes and therefore adaptation the individual his/her internal external environment. Measures melatonin are considered best indices human timing based on an 24-hour clock. Keywords: Adaptation environment, clocks, biomarker, clinical application, oscillators, melatonin, prevention treatment, sleep-wake rhythm, synchronizer.

Language: Английский

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Circadian genes, rhythms and the biology of mood disorders

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 114(2), P. 222 - 232

Published: March 1, 2007

Language: Английский

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Agomelatine, the first melatonergic antidepressant: discovery, characterization and development

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 9(8), P. 628 - 642

Published: June 25, 2010

Language: Английский

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Sensing the Environment: Regulation of Local and Global Homeostasis by the Skin's Neuroendocrine System

Advances in anatomy, embryology and cell biology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2012

Language: Английский

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Reducing oxidative/nitrosative stress: a newly-discovered genre for melatonin

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 44(4), P. 175 - 200

Published: July 6, 2009

The discovery of melatonin and its derivatives as antioxidants has stimulated a very large number studies which have, virtually uniformly, documented the ability these molecules to detoxify harmful reactants reduce molecular damage. These observations have clear clinical implications given that numerous age-related diseases in humans an important free radical component. Moreover, major theory explain processes aging invokes radicals their causative agents. conditions, coupled with loss organisms age, suggest some aspects may be aggravated by diminished levels advanced age. Another corollary this is administration melatonin, uncommonly low toxicity profile, could theoretically defer progression possibly forestall signs aging. Certainly, research next decade will help define role determining successful While increasing life span not necessarily goal investigative efforts, improving health quality aged should aim research.

Language: Английский

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Kynuramines, metabolites of melatonin and other indoles: the resurrection of an almost forgotten class of biogenic amines

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 47(2), P. 109 - 126

Published: July 1, 2009

Kynuramines represent their own class of biogenic amines. They are formed either by decarboxylation kynurenines or pyrrole ring cleavage indoleamines. N(2)-formylated compounds in this last reaction can be deformylated enzymatically arylamine formamidases hemoperoxidases, photochemically. The earlier literature mainly focussed on cardiovascular effects kynuramine, 5-hydroxykynuramine and N(1),N(1)-dimethylated analogs, including indirect via release catecholamines acetylcholine interference with serotonin receptors. After the discovery N(1)-acetyl-N(2)-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) N(1)-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK) as major brain metabolites melatonin, these became particular interest. were shown to produced enzymatically, pseudoenzymatically, various free radical-mediated photochemical processes. In recent years, AFMK AMK scavenge reactive oxygen nitrogen species, thereby forming several newly discovered 3-indolinone, cinnolinone quinazoline compounds, protect tissues from damage intermediates models. is special interest due its properties a potent cyclooxygenase inhibitor, NO scavenger stable nitrosation product, inhibitor and/or downregulator neuronal inducible synthases, mitochondrial metabolism modulator. easily interacts aromates, forms adducts tyrosyl tryptophanyl residues, may modify proteins.

Language: Английский

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