Oral Microbiota: A Major Player in the Diagnosis of Systemic Diseases

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1376 - 1376

Published: July 30, 2021

The oral cavity is host to a complex and diverse microbiota community which plays an important role in health disease. Major infections, i.e., caries periodontal diseases, are both responsible for induced by dysbiosis. This dysbiosis known have impact on other chronic systemic whether triggering or aggravating them, making the novel target diagnosing, following, treating diseases. In this review, we summarize major roles that can play disease development aggravation also how tools help investigate ecosystem. Finally, describe new therapeutic approaches based bacterial recolonization modulation therapies. Collaboration diagnosis treatment between specialists general of key importance bridging improving patients' wellbeing.

Language: Английский

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Characterizing Health Care Delays and Interruptions in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Internet-Based, Cross-sectional Survey Study

Journal of Medical Internet Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. e25446 - e25446

Published: April 20, 2021

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has broader geographic spread and potentially longer lasting effects than those of previous disasters. Necessary preventive precautions for the transmission resulted in delays in-person health care services, especially at outset pandemic. Objective Among a US sample, we examined rates (defined as cancellations postponements) characterized reasons such delays. Methods As part an internet-based survey that was distributed on social media April 2020, asked US–based convenience sample 2570 participants about their resulting from Participant demographics self-reported worries general were explored potent determinants In addition to all delays, focused following three main types which primary outcomes this study: dental, preventive, diagnostic For each outcome, used bivariate statistical tests (t chi-square tests) multiple logistic regression models determine factors associated with Results top reported barrier receiving fear SARS-CoV-2 infection (126/374, 33.6%). Almost half (1227/2570, 47.7%) experiencing who experienced further clarified type delay they (921/1227, 75.1%), affected by included dental (351/921, 38.1%), (269/921, 29.2%), (151/921, 16.4%) care. showed age (P<.001), gender identity education (P=.007), worry (P<.001) significantly Self-reported negatively related However, predictor positively testing based model. Additionally, testing. No remained significant care, although there trend between race (people color fewer White participants), it not (P=.06). Conclusions lessons learned initial surge cases can inform systemic mitigation strategies potential future disruptions. This study addresses demand side exploring More research during is needed, including short- long-term impacts patient-level mortality, morbidity, mental health, people’s quality life, experience pain.

Language: Английский

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Association between Endodontic Infection, Its Treatment and Systemic Health: A Narrative Review

Medicina, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 58(7), P. 931 - 931

Published: July 14, 2022

The ‘Focal Infection Era in Dentistry’ the late 19th and early 20th century resulted widespread implementation of tooth extraction limited progress endodontics. theory proposed that bacteria toxins entrapped dentinal tubules could disseminate systemically to remote body parts, resulting many types degenerative systemic diseases. This was eventually refuted due anecdotal evidence. However, lately there has been increased interest investigating whether endodontic disease have an impact on general health. There are reviews previously carried out this subject, but as new data emerged since then, review aims appraise available literature dynamic associations between apical periodontitis, treatment, evidence regarding focal infection theory, bacteraemia inflammatory markers appraised. also collated research arguing periodontitis with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, adverse pregnancy outcome autoimmune disorders, along effect statins immunomodulators prevalence treatment prognosis. is emerging low-grade inflammation associated may negatively health, e.g., development outcomes, diabetic metabolic dyscontrol. information supporting mellitus or disorders prognosis post treatment. Furthermore, convincing supports successful root canal a beneficial health by reducing burden, thereby dismissing misconceptions theory. Although compelling association present, further high-quality required support establish benefits

Language: Английский

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Oral Pathology in COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Infection—Molecular Aspects

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 1431 - 1431

Published: Jan. 27, 2022

This review article was designed to evaluate the existing evidence related molecular processes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in oral cavity. The World Health Organization stated that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and transmission is produced by droplets aerosols from cavity infected patients. structures, keratinized non-keratinized mucosa, salivary glands' epithelia express entry factors, especially angiotensin converting enzyme Type (ACE2) transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2). Replication virus cells leads local systemic spread, cellular damage associated with clinical signs symptoms disease Saliva, both acellular fractions, holds particles contributes COVID-19 transmission. also presents information about factors modifying potential possible pharmacotherapeutic interventions, which may confine PubMed Scopus databases were used search for suitable keywords such as: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, infection, saliva, crevicular fluid, gland, tongue, periodontium, gingiva, dental pulp, ACE2, TMPRSS2, Furin, diagnosis, topical treatment, vaccine words relevant publications up 28 December 2021. Data extraction quality evaluation articles performed two reviewers, 63 included final review.

Language: Английский

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Periodontitis and COVID-19: Biological Mechanisms and Meta-analyses of Epidemiological Evidence

Journal of Dental Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 101(12), P. 1430 - 1440

Published: June 30, 2022

Since the beginning of 2020, entire global health care system has been severely challenged by outbreak coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19). Robust evidence demonstrated a more severe course COVID-19 in presence several comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Here, we critically appraise recent research discoveries linking periodontitis to acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection COVID-19, with special focus on associated biological mechanisms available epidemiological evidence. SARS-CoV-2 main receptors coreceptors (ACE2, TMPRSS2, furin, CD147) are overexpressed periodontal tissues patients, inflammation, pathogens, damage-induced pyroptosis triggering positive feedback loop. However, meta-analyses studies only indicated nonstatistically significant tendency for an increased risk subjects (odds ratio [OR] = 1.69; 95% CI, 0.91-3.13, P 0.09). Furthermore, may worsen clinical courses through multiple direct indirect pathways, including damage lower airways due aspiration exacerbation cytokine storm via low-grade chronic systemic dissemination ulcerated gingival epithelium consequent induced pulmonary vessels vasculopathy. Indeed, that likely experience COVID-19. Specifically, was 4-fold odds hospitalization (OR 4.72; 1.11-20.03, 0.04), 6-fold requiring assisted ventilation 6.24; 2.78-14.02, 0.00), than 7-fold death complications 7.51; 2.16-26.10, 0.00). The breakthrough analyzed here emphasizes relevance mouth-systemic connection target mitigate current emergency future predicted pandemics.

Language: Английский

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The SARS-CoV2 envelope differs from host cells, exposes procoagulant lipids, and is disrupted in vivo by oral rinses

Journal of Lipid Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 63(6), P. 100208 - 100208

Published: April 15, 2022

The lipid envelope of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an essential component the virus; however, its molecular composition undetermined. Addressing this knowledge gap could support design antiviral agents as well further our understanding viral-host protein interactions, infectivity, pathogenicity, and innate immune system clearance. Lipidomics revealed that virus comprised mainly phospholipids (PLs), with some cholesterol sphingolipids, cholesterol/phospholipid ratio similar to lysosomes. Unlike cellular membranes, procoagulant amino-PLs were present on external side viral at levels exceeding those activated platelets. Accordingly, virions directly promoted blood coagulation. To investigate whether these differences enable selective targeting in vivo, we tested oral rinses containing lipid-disrupting chemicals reduce infectivity. Products PL-disrupting surfactants (such cetylpyridinium chloride) met European virucidal standards vitro; components altered critical micelle concentration reduced efficacy, products oils, povidone-iodine, or chlorhexidine ineffective. This result was recapitulated where a 30-s rinse chloride mouthwash eliminated live cavity patients disease 19 for least 1 h, whereas povidone-iodine saline mouthwashes We conclude SARS-CoV-2 i) distinct from host plasma membrane, which may approaches; ii) contains exposed phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidylserine, influence thrombosis, inflammation; iii) can be selectively targeted vivo by specific rinses.

Language: Английский

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Periodontitis and coronavirus disease 2019

Periodontology 2000, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 89(1), P. 207 - 214

Published: March 4, 2022

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 is usually a mild condition; however, in some cases it can result sickness and even death. Thus, understanding the reasons behind these grave outcomes of great importance. Coronavirus periodontitis share intriguing characteristics. They both lead to systemic inflammation alterations coagulation pathways, confounding factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity. Accordingly, possible association between conditions has been hypothesized literature. objective this review was evaluate scientific evidence linking diseases underlying mechanisms. Evidence shown that presents oral manifestations affect periodontal tissues. Moreover, studies have severity presence periodontitis. Current suggests could be explained through direct role bacteria aggravating lung infections, well indirect effect inducing priming immune system an exacerbated reaction infection. Future research needed confirm observations explore care might play pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Global burden and trends of severe periodontitis among women of childbearing age, 1990–2021

Journal of Periodontology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

The global burden and trend of severe periodontitis, as well its association with sociodemographic development, among women childbearing age (WCBA) have been unclear so far. This study aims to assess the epidemiological pattern periodontitis in WCBA from 1990 2021 provide projections through 2040. Data on incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were retrieved Global Burden Disease (GBD) 2021. Bayesian age-period-cohort model was run project age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) In 2021, an estimated 26,315,786 incident cases, 257,234,399 prevalent 1,680,425 DALYs reported globally. From a consistent annual increase observed, ASIR is projected continue rise until Additionally, demonstrated downward increasing development. age-specific rates increased age, most significant changes occurring younger groups. rising along regional variations, highlights urgent need for innovative prevention healthcare strategies reduce this Women represent nearly quarter population, yet there gap surveillance data group. Our revealed that poses substantial public health challenge worldwide. globally, observed regions middle socioeconomic condition disproportionately affects their prime years, fastest growth seen WCBA. It essential providers recognize gender disparities societal factors related development contribute risk population. To address issue effectively, it crucial develop region- strategies, targeted interventions.

Language: Английский

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The COVID-19 Pathway: A Proposed Oral-Vascular-Pulmonary Route Of SARS-CoV-2 Infection And The Importance Of Oral Healthcare Measures

Journal Of Oral Medicine And Dental Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 1 - 25

Published: April 20, 2021

Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in late 2019, world has faced a major healthcare challenge.There remains limited understanding reasons for clinical variability disease 2019 (COVID-19), and lack biomarkers to identify individuals at risk developing lung disease.This article aims present hypothesis on vascular route transfer SARS-CoV-2 from oral cavity lungs.Saliva is reservoir SARS-CoV-2, thus any breach immune defenses mouth may facilitate entrance virus vasculature through gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket.From vasculature, would pass veins neck chest, reach heart, being pumped into pulmonary arteries, small vessels

Language: Английский

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Additive Effect of Periodontal Disease and Obesity on COVID-19 Outcomes

Journal of Dental Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 100(11), P. 1228 - 1235

Published: July 16, 2021

This study aims to examine the impact of periodontal disease in obesity on COVID-19 infection and associated outcomes. retrospective longitudinal included 58,897 UK Biobank participants tested for between March 2020 February 2021. Self-reported oral health indicators (bleeding gums, painful loose teeth) were used as surrogates disease. Body fat levels quantified by body mass index (BMI) categorized normal weight (18.5 24.9 kg/m 2 ), overweight (25 29.9 obese (≥30 ). Multivariable logistic regression Cox proportional hazard models quantify risk infection, hospital admission, mortality, adjusted participants’ demographics covariates. Of participants, 14,466 (24.6%) positive infection. was higher who (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.12 1.24) 1.33; 1.26 1.41) compared with those weight, but not affected The admission rate 57% (hazard 1.57; 1.25 1.97) group than without disease, rates increased BMI category (normal 4.4%; overweight, 6.8%; obese, 10.1%). Mortality also 1.9%; 3.17%; 4.5%). In addition, obesity, mortality much 3.11; 1.91 5.06) without. Obesity is hospitalization rates, may exacerbate this impact. results could inform providers, policy makers, general public importance maintain good through seamless provision dental services prevention initiatives.

Language: Английский

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