IntechOpen eBooks,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 3, 2023
Electrophoresis
is
a
versatile
technique
that
allows
for
the
separation
of
molecules
based
on
their
size
and
electrical
charge.
In
field
dentistry,
electrophoresis
widely
used
in
various
applications,
including
analysis
dental
materials
proteins
associated
with
diseases
oral
cavity.
Through
electrophoresis,
it
possible
to
evaluate
distribution
filler
particles
within
resin
matrices,
providing
valuable
information
mechanical
properties
durability
composite
restorations.
Furthermore,
this
has
significantly
contributed
study
implicated
diseases,
such
as
caries
periodontitis.
By
effectively
identifying
separating
these
proteins,
researchers
gain
deeper
understanding
mechanisms
underlying
conditions,
facilitating
development
innovative
therapeutic
strategies.
Overall,
application
dentistry
emerged
an
indispensable
tool
comprehensive
characterization
diseases.
Advances in Human Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(3), P. 203 - 209
Published: May 20, 2024
Introduction:
Periodontal
disease
is
a
chronic
of
the
oral
cavity
that
consists
group
inflammatory
disorders
affecting
supporting
structures
dentition.
Saliva
can
be
used
to
predict
early
onset
periodontitis.
Several
investigations
have
been
carried
out
evaluate
salivary
chemical
compounds
lead
destruction
and/or
protection
periodontal
tissues.
The
present
study
aimed
assess
and
compare
parameters
health
status
in
periodontally
healthy
generalised
periodontitis
patients.
Materials
Methods:
This
an
vivo
designed
(albumin,
urea,
total
proteins,
amylase,
glucose
pH)
unstimulated
saliva
subjects
(
n
=
65)
65).
Human
whole
was
collected
by
spitting
method
with
subject
seated
upright
position
after
refraining
from
intake
for
2
h
before
collection.
Approximately
5
mL
stored
graduated
saliva-collecting
vials
refrigerated
at
4°C
1
h.
samples
were
centrifuged
2800
rpm
10
min,
supernatant
separated
substrate
20°C.
Next,
sample
defrosted
room
temperature
3000
rpm.
again
determine
concentrations
glucose,
protein
albumin
using
respective
kits
analysed
automated
analyser.
Salivary
pH
estimated
electrometrically
help
meter.
Results:
A
significant
association
found
between
(amylase
proteins)
clinical
(plaque
index
[PI],
gingival
index)
[GI],
probing
depth
calculus
when
compared
subjects.
Conclusion:
increase
(amylase,
proteins
albumin)
statistically
except
urea
(statistically
non-significant)
As
(probing
depth,
loss
attachment,
PI,
GI,
decay
missing
filled
teeth)
increased,
also
suggesting
linear
relationship
(total
amylase).
Clinical Oral Investigations,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
29(2)
Published: Feb. 18, 2025
Cytokines
are
critical
role
in
the
pathogenesis
of
periodontal
diseases.
Meteorin-like
(Metrnl),
a
protein
released
oral
mucosa,
is
novel
cytokine
associated
with
various
inflammatory
This
study
aimed
to
evaluate
levels
salivary
and
gingival
crevicular
fluid
(GCF),
interleukin
-
1
beta
(IL-1β),
10
(IL-10),
Metrnl
disease.
It
was
formed
three
groups
20
individuals
each:
healthy,
gingivitis,
periodontitis
(Stage
III,
Grades
A
B)
groups.
The
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
method
measured
IL-1β,
IL-10,
GCF
samples.
Clinical
measurement
including
probing
pocket
depth
(PD),
clinical
attachment
loss
(CAL),
plaque
index
(PI),
(GI)
percentage
bleeding
on
(%BOP);
biochemical
parameters
were
evaluated
using
statistical
analysis.
Salivary
concentrations
total
amount
IL-1β
significantly
higher
disease
(p
<
0.001).
There
no
significant
difference
among
either
or
IL-10
>
0.05).
lower
group
=
0.002).
had
negative
correlations
%BOP,
PD,
CAL
0.03).
receiver
operating
characteristics
curve
showed:
area
under
(AUC)
0.731
for
discriminate
from
health
gingivitis.
Based
findings
this
study,
Metrnl,
as
an
immunoregulatory
cytokine,
may
have
important
relationship
periodontitis.
Additional
studies
needed
fully
elucidate
functional
effect
Background
In
knock-out
experimental
studies,
it
has
been
reported
that
acts
inflammation-related
cytokine.
relating
diseases
support
idea
play
variety
Although
abundantly
secreted
authors'
knowledge
there
evaluating
gingivitis
periodontitis,
fluids,
such
saliva,
examined
presence
different
can
be
useful
distinguishing
destruction
health.
BMC Oral Health,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
25(1)
Published: May 2, 2025
Periodontitis
arises
from
dysbiotic
subgingival
microbiota
and
an
unresolved
inflammatory
response.
Annexin
A1
(ANXA1),
Carbonic
Anhydrase
I
(CA1),
Elongation
Factor
1-gamma
(EF1-Ɣ)
may
play
a
role
in
periodontal
inflammation
disease
pathogenesis.
This
study
aimed
to
investigate
the
levels
of
these
molecules
gingival
crevicular
fluid
(GCF)
individuals
with
different
conditions.
GCF
samples
were
collected
20
patients
Stage
III
Grade
B
periodontitis,
C
19
gingivitis
patients,
21
periodontally
healthy
individuals.
ANXA1,
CA1,
EF1-Ɣ
measured
using
ELISA.
Clinical
parameters
significantly
higher
periodontitis
groups
compared
(p
<
0.001).
total
amount
differed
among
groups,
control
Elevated
found
III/B
III/C
ANXA1
CA1
similar
across
>
0.05).
Within
limitations
this
study,
it
might
be
suggested
that
decreased
diseased
sites
its
elevated
are
associated
pathogenesis
disease.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: May 2, 2025
Introduction
Proteomic
techniques
are
useful
to
analyse
the
periodontal
proteome
in
gingival
crevicular
fluid
(GCF)
and
saliva.
However,
few
investigations
have
assessed
compared
GCF
salivary
proteomes.
Therefore,
this
research
aims
structure
compare
protein
expression
these
fluids
between
individuals
with
health
those
periodontitis.
Methods
saliva
were
collected
from
44
periodontally
healthy
subjects
41
periodontitis
(stages
III-IV).
Samples
analysed
using
sequential
window
acquisition
of
all
theoretical
mass
spectra
(SWATH-MS),
proteins
identified
employing
UniProt
database.
The
was
principal
component
analysis
(PCA).
Differential
defined
as
an
adjusted
p-value
<0.05
combined
a
fold-change
≥2
(upregulated)
or
≤0.5
(downregulated).
Results
250
abundant
quantified
377
(238
common).
different
both
oral
fluids.
In
GCF,
63
(25.2%)
differentially
expressed,
38
upregulated
25
downregulated
most
overexpressed
haemoglobin
subunits
(Hbs)
beta
(fold-change
5.06)
alpha
(4.35),
carbonic
anhydrase
1
(4.28),
S100-P
(4.27).
Among
underexpressed
proteins,
14
keratins,
type
II
cytoskeletal
6B
being
(0.10),
together
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
dehydrogenase
(0.12)
zymogen
granule
16
homolog
B
(0.13).
saliva,
59
(15.7%)
55
four
Twenty-nine
showed
≥4,
highlighting
beta-2-microglobulin
(44.14),
keratin,
I
13
(36.23),
neutrophil
defensin
(25.08),
S100-A9
(12.30),
A8
(10.61),
A12
(4.76),
P
(4.72),
annexin
A1
(9.34),
lysozyme
C
(4.98),
immunoglobulin
heavy
constant
(4.45),
resistin
(4.37),
Hbs
(4.20)
(4.06).
lipocalin-1
(0.35).
Fourteen
expressed
where
seven
keratins
but
Conclusion
Periodontitis
alters
numerous
vary
qualitatively
quantitatively,
indicating
patterns
IntechOpen eBooks,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 22, 2025
Periodontal
disease
is
a
multifactorial
infectious
and
immunoinflammatory
condition
that
affects
the
tissues
surrounding
teeth,
potentially
leading
to
irreversible
damage
tooth
loss.
Early
detection
diagnosis
are
crucial
preventing
its
progression
associated
systemic
health
risks.
Traditional
clinical
diagnostic
methods,
such
as
probing
depth
radiographic
assessments,
have
limitations
in
detecting
early-stage
disease.
Consequently,
molecular
biomarkers
found
saliva
emerged
promising
tools
for
early
monitoring
of
periodontal
These
include
inflammatory
mediators,
enzymes,
bone
remodeling
markers,
microbial
metabolites,
providing
valuable
insights
into
status
progression.
Advances
omics
technologies,
including
proteomics
genomics,
further
enhanced
identification
potential
biomarkers,
paving
way
precision
medicine
periodontology.
This
chapter
reviews
role
specific
salivary
assessment,
highlighting
their
potential,
applications,
future
research
directions
field.
Journal of Periodontal Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
58(2), P. 325 - 335
Published: Jan. 8, 2023
To
analyse
the
correspondence
between
aMMP-8
PoC
test
results
and
clinical
endpoints
of
non-surgical
periodontal
treatment
in
stage
III/IV
periodontitis.The
diagnostic
success
active-matrix
metalloproteinase-8
(aMMP-8)
point-of-care
(PoC)
has
been
demonstrated
various
studies,
but
evidence
its
accuracy
following
is
limited.Altogether
42
grade
C
periodontitis
patients
were
included
this
prospective
study.
Clinical
indices
recorded,
was
applied
mouthrinse
collected
before
at
6,
12
24
weeks
after
treatment.
Quantitative
levels
determined
with
immunofluorometric
assay
(IFMA)
for
verification
results.
The
assessed
using
previously
established
as
references.Sensitivity
specificity
to
indicate
ranged
follows:
Sensitivity
71.4%
baseline,
39.3%-42.4%
week
28.6%-32.4%
35.3%-42.9%
24;
64.3%-80%
40%-57.1%
56%-64.3%
24.The
identifying
reduced
relation
baseline.
Individual
healing
patterns
each
diseased
pocket
eventually
limit
dichotomous
oral
rinse
during
post-treatment
period.
Current Issues in Molecular Biology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
44(10), P. 4704 - 4713
Published: Oct. 10, 2022
This
study
aimed
to
compare
tissue
levels
of
CD80
(pro-inflammatory
macrophage-related
surface
marker),
CD163,
and
CD206
(anti-inflammatory
markers),
their
ratios
in
periodontal
peri-implant
health
disease.
Altogether,
36
samples
were
obtained
from
participants
with
clinically
healthy
gingiva
(n
=
10),
mucosa
8),
periodontitis
lesions
9),
peri-implantitis
9).
CD80,
assessed
immunoblotting.
CD163
found
be
decreased
(p
0.004),
the
CD80/CD163
ratio
was
elevated
0.002)
compared
gingiva.
Peri-implantitis
showed
a
tendency
towards
higher
than
borderline
difference
0.054).
No
statistically
significant
detected
when
peri-implantitis,
mucosa.
A
disruption
balance
seems
related
pathogenesis
being
less
prominent
latter.
The
reason
behind
this
phenomenon
may
either
suppressed
expression
or
reduced
CD163+
anti-inflammatory
macrophage
abundance.
Clinical Oral Investigations,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
28(1)
Published: Jan. 22, 2024
Abstract
Objectives
Crohn’s
disease
patients,
who
are
prone
to
develop
periodontal
diseases,
may
carry
genetic
defects
in
their
Th17
cytokine,
human
beta-defensin
(hBD)
1–3,
and
salivary
scavenger
agglutinin
(SALSA)
expressions.
Biochemical
composition
of
saliva
reflects
the
oral
consequences
systemic
immune
response
modifications.
Our
aim
was
evaluate
epithelial
hBD
SALSA
levels
relation
disease.
Materials
methods
This
cross-sectional
study
included
42
patients
34
systemically
healthy
controls.
Periodontal
dental
indexes
were
measured,
stimulated
samples
collected.
Salivary
cytokine
analyzed
by
multiplex
technique,
1–3
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay.
Results
There
19
gingivitis
11
initial
periodontitis
group,
15
4
control
group.
In
comparison
controls,
higher
observed
patients.
No
statistical
difference
between
groups
terms
levels.
Based
on
regression
analysis,
there
is
no
independent
association
Conclusions
does
not
relate
antimicrobial
or
While
have
an
profile
still
missing.
Clinical
relevance
Diminished
disease,
which
might
be
related
susceptibility,
can
also
visualized
saliva.
Journal Of Clinical Periodontology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 27, 2024
ABSTRACT
Aim
To
discover
new
salivary
biomarkers
to
diagnose
periodontitis
and
evaluate
the
impact
of
age
smoking
on
predictive
capacity.
Material
Methods
Saliva
samples
were
collected
from
44
healthy
periodontal
individuals
41
with
periodontitis.
Samples
analysed
by
sequential
window
acquisition
all
theoretical
mass
spectra
(SWATH‐MS),
proteins
identified
employing
UniProt
database.
The
diagnostic
capacity
molecules
was
determined
generalized
additive
models.
models
obtained
single‐protein
unadjusted
adjusted
for
status,
besides
two‐protein
combinations.
Results
Eight
single
had
a
bias‐corrected
accuracy
(bc‐ACC)
78.8%–86.8%
(bc‐sensitivity/bc‐specificity
62.5%–86.9%/60.9%–98.1%)
Predictive
increased
more
adjusting
(bc‐ACC:
94.1%–98.2%;
bc‐sensitivity/bc‐specificity:
90.2%–98.6%/93.6%–97.2%)
than
83.9%–90.4%;
73.6%–89.9%/76.2%–96.4%).
These
keratin,
type
II
cytoskeletal
1,
protein
S100‐A8,
β‐2‐microglobulin,
neutrophil
defensin
lysozyme
C,
ubiquitin‐60S
ribosomal
L40,
isoform
2
tropomyosin
α‐3
chain
resistin.
Two
dual
combinations
showed
bc‐sensitivity/bc‐specificity
>
90%:
β‐2‐microglobulin
profilin‐1,
C
zymogen
granule
16
homologue
B.
Conclusions
New
show
good
or
excellent
ability
Age
has
significant
influence
smoking,
results
comparable