Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 312 - 325

Published: Feb. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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Blood‐based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease

EMBO Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Dec. 3, 2021

Language: Английский

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Cytokine release syndrome‐associated encephalopathy in patients with COVID‐19

European Journal of Neurology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 28(1), P. 248 - 258

Published: Aug. 28, 2020

Background and purpose Neurological manifestations in coronavirus disease (COVID)‐2019 may adversely affect clinical outcomes. Severe COVID‐19 uremia are risk factors for neurological complications. However, the lack of insight into their pathogenesis, particularly with respect to role cytokine release syndrome (CRS), is currently hampering effective therapeutic interventions. The aims this study were describe patients gain pathophysiological insights CRS. Methods In longitudinal study, we performed extensive clinical, laboratory imaging phenotyping five admitted our renal unit. Results presentation included confusion, tremor, cerebellar ataxia, behavioral alterations, aphasia, pyramidal syndrome, coma, cranial nerve palsy, dysautonomia, central hypothyroidism. Notably, disturbances accompanied by evidence acute respiratory coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) was undetectable cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Hyperalbuminorrachia increased levels astroglial protein S100B suggestive blood−brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Brain magnetic resonance findings comprised leukoencephalitis ( n = 3, one whom had a hemorrhagic form), cytotoxic edema mimicking ischaemic stroke 1), or normal results 2). Treatment corticosteroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulins attempted, resulting rapid recovery from two cases. SARS‐CoV2 88 90 who underwent Reverse Transcription‐PCR testing CSF. Conclusions Patients can develop that share similarities those chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell‐related encephalopathy. underpinnings appear involve CRS, endothelial activation, BBB dysfunction, immune‐mediated mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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The S100B Protein: A Multifaceted Pathogenic Factor More Than a Biomarker

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 9605 - 9605

Published: May 31, 2023

S100B is a calcium-binding protein mainly concentrated in astrocytes the nervous system. Its levels biological fluids are recognized as reliable biomarker of active neural distress, and more recently, mounting evidence points to Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern molecule, which, at high concentration, triggers tissue reactions damage. and/or distribution patients experimental models different disorders, for which used biomarker, directly related progress disease. In addition, diseases such Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple traumatic vascular acute injury, epilepsy, inflammatory bowel disease, alteration correlates with occurrence clinical toxic parameters. general, overexpression/administration worsens presentation, whereas deletion/inactivation contributes amelioration symptoms. Thus, may be proposed common pathogenic factor sharing symptoms etiologies but appearing share some processes reasonably attributable neuroinflammation.

Language: Английский

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Large-scale differentiation of iPSC-derived motor neurons from ALS and control subjects

Neuron, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 111(8), P. 1191 - 1204.e5

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to understand the mechanisms of neurological disease holds great promise; however, there is a lack well-curated lines from large array participants. Answer ALS has generated over 1,000 iPSC control and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients along with clinical whole-genome sequencing data. The current report summarizes cell marker gene expression in motor neuron cultures derived 92 healthy 341 participants using 32-day differentiation protocol. This largest set iPSCs be differentiated into neurons, characterization suggests that composition sex are significant sources variability need carefully controlled for future studies. These data reported as resource scientific community will utilize modeling wider omics being made available these samples.

Language: Английский

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S100B, Actor and Biomarker of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 6602 - 6602

Published: April 1, 2023

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for approximately 80% of all TBI cases and is a growing source morbidity mortality worldwide. To improve the management children adults with mTBI, series candidate biomarkers have been investigated in recent years. In this context, measurement blood acute phase after event helps reduce unnecessary CT scans hospitalizations. athletes, improved sports-related concussions also sought to ensure athletes’ safety. S100B protein has emerged as most widely studied used biomarker clinical decision making patients mTBI. addition its use diagnostic biomarker, plays an active role molecular pathogenic processes accompanying injury. This review describes tool well potential therapeutic target

Language: Английский

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Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury: What Have We Learned So Far?

Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1139 - 1139

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes long-lasting morbidity and mortality worldwide, being a devastating condition related to impairment nervous system after an external traumatic event resulting in transitory or permanent functional disability, with significant burden healthcare system. Harmful events underlying TBI can be classified into two sequential stages, primary secondary, which are both associated breakdown tissue homeostasis due blood–brain barrier, osmotic imbalance, inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, apoptotic cell death, ultimately loss functionality. The present study provides updated review concerning roles edema, inflammation, stress on changes from TBI. proper characterization phenomena contribute improvement care, rehabilitation quality life affected people.

Language: Английский

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Blood-based biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease – moving towards a new era of diagnostics

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 62(6), P. 1063 - 1069

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a primary cause of dementia globally, is traditionally diagnosed via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures and positron emission tomography (PET). The invasiveness, cost, limited accessibility these methods have led to exploring blood-based biomarkers as promising alternative for AD diagnosis monitoring. Recent advancements in sensitive immunoassays identified potential biomarkers, such Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios phosphorylated tau (p-tau) species. This paper briefly evaluates the clinical utility reliability across various stages, highlighting challenges like refining plasma assays enhancing precision p-tau, particularly p-tau181, p-tau217, p-tau231. discussion also covers other neurofilament light (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), synaptic assessing their significance diagnostics. need ongoing research development robust match performance CSF PET underscored. In summary, are increasingly crucial diagnosis, follow-up, prognostication, treatment response evaluation, population screening, care settings. These developments set revolutionize diagnostics, offering earlier more accessible detection management options.

Language: Английский

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Friend or Foe: S100 Proteins in Cancer

Cancers, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 2037 - 2037

Published: July 24, 2020

S100 proteins are widely expressed small molecular EF-hand calcium-binding of vertebrates, which involved in numerous cellular processes, such as Ca2+ homeostasis, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and inflammation. Although the complex network signalling is by far not fully deciphered, several family members could be linked to a variety diseases, inflammatory disorders, neurological also cancer. The research past decades revealed that play crucial role development progression many cancer types, breast cancer, lung melanoma. Hence, have been shown promising diagnostic markers possible novel targets for therapy. However, current knowledge limited more attention this unique group needed. Therefore, review article summarises their relation different while providing an overview therapeutic strategies targeting treatment.

Language: Английский

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Serum S100B protein as a marker of severity in Covid-19 patients

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Oct. 29, 2020

SARS-CoV-2 infection shows a wide-ranging clinical severity, requiring prognostic markers. We focused on S100B, calcium-binding protein present in biological fluids, being reliable biomarker disorders having inflammatory processes as common basis and RAGE main receptor. Since Covid-19 is characterized by potent response also involving RAGE, we tested if S100B serum levels were related to disease severity. Serum samples (n = 74) collected from hospitalized positive patients admitted Covid center. Illness severity was established admission criteria risk score. Treatment protocols followed WHO guidelines available at the time. Circulating determined ELISA assay. Statistical analysis used Pearson's χ2 test, t-Test, ANOVA, ANCOVA, Linear Regression. detected patients, significantly correlating with shown both level of intensity care (p < 0.006) well value score (Multiple R-squared: 0.3751); correlation between Covid-Score 0.61 0.01). concentration associated inflammation markers (Ferritin, C-Reactive Protein, Procalcitonin), organ damage (Alanine Aminotransferase, Creatinine). plays role can represent marker Sars-CoV-2 infected patients.

Language: Английский

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