Current Understanding of Equine Gut Dysbiosis and Microbiota Manipulation Techniques: Comparison with Current Knowledge in Other Species

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 758 - 758

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Understanding the importance of intestinal microbiota in horses and factors influencing its composition have been focus many studies over past few years. Factors such as age, diet, antibiotic administration, geographic location can affect gut microbiota. The intra- inter-individual variability fecal complicates interpretation has hindered establishment a clear definition for dysbiosis. Although definitive causal relationship between dysbiosis diseases not clearly identified, recent research suggests that may play role pathogenesis various conditions, colitis asthma. Prebiotics, probiotics, transplantation to modulate horse’s gastrointestinal tract eventually be considered valuable tool preventing or treating diseases, antibiotic-induced colitis. This article aims summarize current knowledge on composition, also review published literature methods detecting while discussing efficacy manipulation horses.

Language: Английский

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Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics Analysis of Trimethoprim Andsulfamethoxazole for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection Afterintravascular and Per Oral Administration in Thoroughbred Horses

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal effects of oral administration of antimicrobial drugs on fecal microbiota of horses

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(6), P. 2562 - 2572

Published: Sept. 8, 2023

Antimicrobial drug-associated diarrhea (AAD) is the most common adverse effect in horses receiving antimicrobials. Little information on how oral administration of antimicrobials alters intestinal microbiota available.Investigate changes fecal response to antimicrobials.Twenty healthy horses.Prospective, longitudinal study. Horses were randomly assigned 4 groups comprising each: group 1 (metronidazole); 2 (erythromycin); 3 (doxycycline); (sulfadiazine/trimethoprim, SMZ-TMP); and 5 (control). Antimicrobials administered for days. Fecal samples obtained before (day 0) at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 30 days study period. was characterized by high throughput sequencing V4 region 16S rRNA.Horses remained throughout Richness diversity doxycycline, erythromycin, metronidazole, but not SMZ-TMP groups, significantly lower (P < .05) multiple time points after compared with from day 0. Main observed during antimicrobial 2-5; weighted unweighted UniFrac PERMANOVA P .05). Administration doxycycline and, a lesser extent, metronidazole produced pronounced alteration 0 decreasing abundance Treponema, Fibrobacter, Lachnospiraceae increasing Fusobacterium Escherichia-Shigella.Oral resembling dysbiosis, potentially resulting inflammation predisposition diarrhea.

Language: Английский

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Reproductive Tract Microbiota of Mares

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 324 - 324

Published: July 18, 2024

The female reproductive tract microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that might be crucial in maintaining healthy environment. Imbalances the bacterial (dysbiosis) and reduction beneficial organisms pathogen proliferation are associated with disease. Endometritis common cause fertility problems mares, it still challenging to diagnose treat based on routine culture results certain microorganisms. Although high-throughput sequencing studies provide helpful information regarding composition there challenges defining “normal” microbiota. primary objective this literature review summarize current knowledge present including vagina, cervix, uterus. second describe relevant factors can impact estrous cycle stage, type species (genera) investigated, season, geographic location. rationality identifying normal mare will likely aid understanding host’s health contribute treatment prevention equine sub infertility issues.

Language: Английский

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In adult horses with diarrhoea, does faecal microbiota transplantation in addition to standard treatments improve the outcomes compared to standard treatments alone?

Equine Veterinary Education, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 8, 2024

Summary Acute diarrhoea due to colitis/typhlocolitis is a life‐threatening disease of adult horses that both diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Treatments are predominantly supportive, including fluid therapy, colloid oncotic support nutritional support. There lack specific effective therapies for equine colitis, providing challenge in practice the prevention serious fatal complications. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) involves transfer faecal bacteria other microbes from healthy individual into another individual, with aim restoring gut often used as ‘last resort’ therapy. This procedure has been recommended treatment acute proven efficacy some cases people. critically appraised topic reviewed published literature on outcomes associated affected by diarrhoea/colitis. Only six studies met inclusion criteria (including one systematic review). The found varying results regarding FMT colitis/diarrhoea horse but overall there was weak evidence use addition standard treatments management although further controlled defined categories required.

Language: Английский

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Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on clinical outcomes and fecal microbiota of foals with diarrhea

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

Abstract Background Diarrhea in foals can be associated with disruption of the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis). Effective management dysbiosis has not been demonstrated. Hypothesis/Objectives Fecal transplantation (FMT) diarrhea influences and improves clinical clinicopathological outcomes. Animals Twenty‐five <6 months age systemic inflammatory response syndrome at 3 veterinary hospitals. Methods A prospective randomized placebo‐controlled cohort study. Foals FMT group (n = 19) or control 9) received electrolyte solution once daily for days. samples were obtained on Day 0 (D0), D1, D2, D3, D7. Within between data analyses performed clinical, clinicopathological, variables. Results Treatment had no effect survival (FMT 79%; 100%, P .3) resolution 68%; 55%, .4). On white blood cell count was lower than (D3 median 6.4 g/L [5‐8.3 g/L]; D3 14.3 [6.7‐18.9 g/L] .04). Heart rate reduced over time (D0 80 bpm [60‐150 bpm]; D2 70 [52‐110 bpm] [ .005]; 64, [54‐102 < .001]). Phylum Verrucomicrobiota, genus Akkermansia , family Prevotellaceae enriched D1 (linear discriminate analysis > 4). Conclusions Clinical Importance In diarrhea, appears safe some changes suggestive beneficial effect.

Language: Английский

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Effects of orally administered clioquinol on the fecal microbiome of horses

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(1)

Published: Dec. 22, 2024

Abstract Background Whereas restoration of fecal consistency after treatment with clioquinol for chronic diarrhea and free water syndrome has been attributed to its antiprotozoal properties, actions on the colonic bacterial microbiota have not investigated. Objectives Characterize dynamics microbial diversity before, during, PO administration healthy horses. Study Design Experimental prospective cohort study using a single horse group. Methods Eight adult horses received (10 g, daily) 7 days. Feces were obtained daily days conclusion treatment, again 3 months later. Libraries 16S rRNA V4 region amplicons generated from DNA sequenced Illumina sequencing platform. Bioinformatic analysis was undertaken QIIME2 statistical analyses included variance (ANOVA) permutational multivariate ANOVA (PERMANOVA). Results The richness composition microbiome altered clioquinol, reaching maximum effect by fifth day administration. Changes 90% decrease in richness, compensatory expansion facultative anaerobes including Streptococcaceae , Enterococcaceae Enterobacteriaceae . Multiple had Salmonella cultured feces. Main Limitations lack control group modest sample size are obviated robust longitudinal design strong associated drug exposure. Conclusions Clioquinol broad‐spectrum antibacterial effects horses, but spares certain families several pathogens pathobionts. should be used caution an environment contamination pathogens.

Language: Английский

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Miscellaneous Antimicrobials

Published: Nov. 29, 2024

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