A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON ORAL VACCINATION OF WILDLIFE AGAINST RABIES

Journal of Wildlife Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(2)

Published: April 5, 2024

The long-term mitigation of human-domestic animal-wildlife conflicts is complex and difficult. Over the last 50 yr, primary biomedical concepts actualized collaborative global field applications oral rabies vaccination to wildlife serve as one dramatic example that revolutionized infectious disease management free-ranging animals. Oral occurred in diverse locales within Africa, Eurasia, Middle East, North America. Although not a candidate for eradication, over billion doses vaccine-laden baits distributed strategically by hand, at baiting stations, or via aircraft, resulted widespread prevention, control, local elimination among mesocarnivores. Pure, potent, safe, efficacious vaccines consisted either modified-live, highly attenuated, recombinant viruses contained attractive, edible baits. Since late 1970s, major target species have included coyotes (Canis latrans), foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus; Vulpes vulpes), jackals aureus; Lupulella mesomelas), raccoons (Procyon lotor), raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), skunks (Mephitis mephitis). Operational progress has all but latter species. Programmatic evaluations success included: demonstration biomarkers incorporated representative bait contact; serological measurement induction specific virus neutralizing antibodies, indicative an immune response vaccine; most importantly, decreasing detection antigens brains collected animals enhanced laboratory-based surveillance, evidence impact. often conceived mistakenly panacea, such cost-effective technology applied represents real-world, One Health application benefiting agriculture, conservation biology, public health. Based upon lessons learned with mesocarnivores, opportunities future extension other taxa additional diseases will far-reaching, transdisciplinary benefits.

Language: Английский

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Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Pathogens in Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and Raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 270 - 270

Published: March 21, 2024

Raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) are invasive alien species originating from East Asia North America, respectively. They discussed as vectors reservoirs for various infectious diseases, including vector-borne zoonotic pathogens, therefore a potential threat to human domestic animal health, well biodiversity conservation. In the years 2021 2022, 110 raccoon 30 were screened via qPCR presence of Leptospira spp., Rickettsia spp. Borreliella in German federal state Schleswig-Holstein part health risk assessment study. confirmed one dog raccoon, identified afzelii raccoon. found 21 (19.44%) 2 (6.90%) raccoons. five dogs, borgpetersenii, kirschneri interrogans.

Language: Английский

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Raccoons contraband – The metazoan parasite fauna of free-ranging raccoons in central Europe

International Journal for Parasitology Parasites and Wildlife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20, P. 79 - 88

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

The invasive raccoon (Procyon lotor) is an abundant carnivore and considered as important potential vector of infectious diseases parasites in Europe. Raccoons show a broad, opportunistic, omnivorous food spectrum. Food supply habitat quality urban areas are very attractive for the generalist raccoon. This inevitably leads to increased interaction with humans, domestic animals livestock, making potentially suitable zoonosis vector. In its autochthonous range, especially Eastern Midwestern United States, has been studied intensively since beginning 20th century. Whereas, basic field biology parasitology studies Germany Europe lacking have only conducted sporadically, regionally on small sample sizes. presented study 234 raccoons from central were comprehensively examined their metazoan parasite fauna. present shows first time extremely diverse fauna outside native range proves essential role intermediate hosts ecto- endoparasites. A total 23 different species identified, five which human pathogens, 14 new pathogenic roundworm Baylisascaris procyonis most common this study, prevalence up 95%. digenetic trematode Plagiorchis muris, another species, was detected raccoons. ongoing spread carnivores associated transmission other pathogens increases health risk wild farmed well humans. An increase parasitic humans (e.g. roundworm) be expected, areas, where becoming more abundant.

Language: Английский

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Linking patterns to processes: Using hunting bag data to classify raccoon (Procyon lotor) invasion stages in Germany since the 2000s

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 175, P. 113568 - 113568

Published: May 9, 2025

Language: Английский

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Land cover and climatic conditions as potential drivers of the raccoon (Procyon lotor) distribution in North America and Europe

European Journal of Wildlife Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69(3)

Published: June 1, 2023

Abstract The raccoon is listed among the invasive alien species of EU concern requiring management actions. Projections its global distribution have been mainly based on climatic variables so far. In this study, we aim to address impact land cover (LC) in North America and Europe. First, identified LC types which observation sites are predominantly located derive preferred types. Second, used an ecological niche modelling (ENM) approach evaluate predictive power information current patterns raccoons both ranges. Raccoons seem be more often associated forested areas mixed landscapes, including cropland urban areas, but underrepresented vegetation-poor with largely coinciding order compare climate variables, conducted principal component analyses all respective variable sets (climate variables) PC that together explain 90% total variance set as predictors. Land only models resulted patchy projected habitat suitabilities showed a higher performance compared Europe, suitability seems exceed observed occurrences, could indicate further spread potential We conclude important drivers, well spatial raccoon. Consideration benefit efforts control carnivores contribute better biodiversity, also human animal health.

Language: Английский

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Factors affecting spatiotemporal behaviour in the European brown hareLepus europaeus: a meta‐analysis

Mammal Review, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52(3), P. 454 - 470

Published: April 7, 2022

Abstract The European brown hare Lepus europaeus is the most widely distributed species of world, being naturally present throughout Eurasia and introduced as a game in continents. Despite importance this lagomorph for both management conservation, quantitative summary its spatiotemporal behaviour still lacking. Taking advantage 51 selected studies conducted native range spanning last 40 years, we used meta‐analytic approaches order to: 1) investigate home size relation to ecological factors; 2) test preference across major habitat types; 3) provide synthesis activity patterns. Temporally adjusted populations decreased with increasing cropland cover (cereal non‐cereal crops), suggesting that gets smaller food availability, predicting living absence crops would double their mean compared those inhabiting areas covered entirely by cropland. Hare where more males were sampled showed larger ranges, line polygynous mating system species. Hares preferred grassland over other habitats foraging, thus selecting two characterised majority trophic resources Yet, types proportionally availability overall, except general avoidance human settlements. mainly nocturnal, lowest during daytime, when was about one third at night, moonlight avoidance, probably limit encounters nocturnal predators. Our work emphasises open especially lagomorph, but also suggests some plasticity use space time hares. Such may help mammal cope future environmental changes, providing landscape heterogeneity maintained.

Language: Английский

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Role of invasive carnivores (Procyon lotor and Nyctereutes procyonoides) in epidemiology of vector-borne pathogens: molecular survey from the Czech Republic

Parasites & Vectors, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: July 5, 2023

Abstract Background Vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) are a major threat to humans, livestock and companion animals worldwide. The combined effect of climatic, socioeconomic host composition changes favours the spread vectors, together with expansion invasive carnivores contributing pathogens. In Europe, most widespread species raccoons ( Procyon lotor ) raccoon dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides ). This study focused on detection four groups VBPs namely Babesia , Hepatozoon Anaplasma phagocytophilum Bartonella in native Czech Republic, emphasis role eco-epidemiology said VBPs. Methods Spleen samples 84 eight Canis aureus lupus Lynx lynx P. Martes foina Lutra lutra Mustela erminea N. were screened by nested PCR sequencing for above-mentioned targeting 18S rRNA cytB hemoprotozoa, groEL A. using multilocus genotyping spp. determination is supported phylogenetic analysis inferred maximum likelihood method. Results Out samples, 44% tested positive at least one pathogen. Five different detected canis martis sp. related washoensis . All C. H. B. Three silvestris taylorii L. first time. vulpes yet undescribed not previously found Conclusions Wild Republic hosts several potential veterinary public health risks. Among studied carnivore species, competent host. Raccoons only our where all detected. None pathogen these North America, suggesting that adapted local rather than introduced new ones. new, probably imported dogs. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Differences in spatial niche of terrestrial mammals when facing extreme snowfall: the case in east Asian forests

Frontiers in Zoology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract Background Recent climate changes have produced extreme events. This study focused on snowfall and intended to discuss the vulnerability of temperate mammals against it through interspecies comparisons spatial niches in northern Japan. We constructed niche models for seven non-hibernating species wide-scaled snow tracking skis, whose total survey length was 1144 km. Results detected a low correlation ( r s < 0.4) between most pairs niches, indicating that possessed different overwintering tactics. A morphological advantage locomotion cost did not always expand breadth. In contrast, could respond (1) drastic landscape change by diminishing understory due snow, possibly leading predator-prey interactions, (2) mass cold air, affecting thermoregulatory food accessibility. When extraordinary occurred, nonarboreal with larger body sizes shift, whereas smaller-sized or semi-arboreal not. addition, compared omnivores, herbivores were prone severe restriction breadth reduction accessibility under climates. Conclusions Dietary habits size determine redundancy width, which may govern robustness/vulnerability

Language: Английский

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Evidence of predation pressure on sensitive species by raccoons based on parasitological studies

International Journal for Parasitology Parasites and Wildlife, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24, P. 100935 - 100935

Published: April 8, 2024

To demonstrate predation and potential impacts of raccoons on various species, a total 108 from aquatic-associated nature reserves natural areas in three federal states Germany, Hesse (n = 36), Saxony-Anhalt 36) Brandenburg were investigated dietary ecological perspective the present study. Fecal analyses stomach content examinations conducted for this purpose. Additionally, as supplementary method analyzing spectrum raccoons, parasite fauna was considered, metazoan parasites, particular, can serve indicators species origin food organisms. While allow detailed recording trophic relationships solely at time sampling, parasitological enable inferences about more distant interaction processes. With their different developmental stages heteroxenous life cycles involving specific, sometimes obligate, intermediate hosts, they utilize web to reach definitive host. The results study clearly that spawning amphibians reptiles predominantly utilized resources by areas. Thus, common toad (

Language: Английский

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Invasion in cold: weather effects on winter activity of an alien mesopredator at its northern range

European Journal of Wildlife Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 70(4)

Published: July 8, 2024

Abstract Whether an invasive species thrives in cold ecosystems depends on its response to winter weather. A potential threat these Europe is the raccoon dog ( Nyctereutes procyonoides ). The survival of this mesopredator supported weather, because it can periodically use sleep, but activity levels compared native mesopredators remain unclear. We investigated behaviour dogs Finland, near edge their invasion front, and red foxes badgers. Using wildlife cameras, we found that do reduce during coldest months, camera observations did not strongly correlate with temperature perhaps due feeding at sites. That is, artificial food sources may have increased dogs’ activity. Nevertheless, they responded more clearly drops than foxes, were active badgers mostly dormant thus absent from our data. GPS-tracked remained some level through winter, even subarctic regions, snowy weather decreased individuals stayed close nests periods. Overall, findings suggest maintain extremely environments, readily exploit human-provided resources. This ability thrive regions highlights dogs. As winters become milder climate change, numbers could increase significantly within cold-adapted ecosystems, impacting posing conservation challenges.

Language: Английский

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