Impact of transposable elements on polyploid plant genomes

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 120(2), P. 195 - 207

Published: May 23, 2017

Background The growing wealth of knowledge on whole-plant genome sequences is highlighting the key role transposable elements (TEs) in plant evolution, as a driver drastic changes size and source an important number new coding regulatory sequences. Together with polyploidization events, TEs should thus be considered major players evolution plants. Scope This review outlines mechanisms by which impact how polyploidy events can affect these impacts, vice versa. These include direct effects genes, providing them or sequences, effect epigenetic status chromatin close to more subtle imposing diverse evolutionary constraints different chromosomal regions. are particularly relevant after events. Polyploidization often induces bursts transposition probably due relaxation their control, and, short term, this increase rate gene mutations regulation insertion next into genes. Over longer times, TE may induce global structure inter-element recombination including losses large regions rearrangements that reduce chromosome part process called diploidization. Conclusions play essential particular activity explain phenotypes observed. also diploidization follows However, extent contribute fractionation bias remains unclear. Investigating multiple factors controlling dynamics nature ancient recent polyploid genomes shed light processes.

Language: Английский

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Polyploid plants have faster rates of multivariate niche differentiation than their diploid relatives

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 68 - 78

Published: Oct. 21, 2019

Polyploid speciation entails substantial and rapid postzygotic reproductive isolation of nascent species that are initially sympatric with one or both parents. Despite strong isolation, ecological niche differentiation has long been thought to be important for polyploid success. Using biogeographic data from across vascular plants, we tested whether the climatic niches more differentiated than their diploid relatives if faster those related diploids. We found polyploids often climatically parents diploids each other. Consistent this pattern, estimated generally have higher rates multivariate relatives. In contrast recent analyses, our results confirm is an component significantly in polyploids.

Language: Английский

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Lessons on Evolution from the Study of Edaphic Specialization

The Botanical Review, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 84(1), P. 39 - 78

Published: Oct. 26, 2017

Language: Английский

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Functional trait divergence and trait plasticity confer polyploid advantage in heterogeneous environments

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 221(4), P. 2286 - 2297

Published: Oct. 5, 2018

Polyploidy, or whole-genome duplication often with hybridization, is common in eukaryotes and thought to drive ecological evolutionary success, especially plants. The mechanisms of polyploid success ecologically relevant contexts, however, remain largely unknown. We conducted an extensive test functional trait divergence plasticity conferring fitness advantage heterogeneous environments, by growing clonal replicates a worldwide genotype collection six allopolyploid five diploid wild strawberry (Fragaria) taxa three climatically different gardens. Among leaf traits, we detected means but not plasticities between polyploids diploids, suggesting that increased genomic redundancy does necessarily translate into greater response environmental change. Across the garden exhibited advantage, which was conferred both adaptive plasticities, supporting 'jack-and-master' hypothesis for polyploids. Our findings elucidate essential underlying adaptation provide important insight prevalence persistence

Language: Английский

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Crop Biodiversity: An Unfinished Magnum Opus of Nature

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 70(1), P. 727 - 751

Published: April 29, 2019

Crop biodiversity is one of the major inventions humanity through process domestication. It also an essential resource for crop improvement to adapt agriculture ever-changing conditions like global climate change and consumer preferences. Domestication subsequent evolution under cultivation have profoundly shaped genetic architecture this biodiversity. In review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding Topics include reduction diversity during domestication counteracting factors, a discussion relationship between parallel phenotypic genotypic evolution, role plasticity genotype × environment interactions, important subsistence farmers play actively maintaining participatory breeding. Linking phenotype remains holy grail studies.

Language: Английский

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Diverse genome organization following 13 independent mesopolyploid events in Brassicaceae contrasts with convergent patterns of gene retention

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 91(1), P. 3 - 21

Published: April 3, 2017

Hybridization and polyploidy followed by genome-wide diploidization had a significant impact on the diversification of land plants. The ancient At-α whole-genome duplication (WGD) preceded crucifers (Brassicaceae). Some genera tribes also experienced younger, mesopolyploid WGDs concealed subsequent genome diploidization. Here we tested if multiple base chromosome numbers originated due to after independent how affected post-polyploid gene retention. Sixteen species representing 10 Brassicaceae were analyzed comparative painting and/or whole-transcriptome analysis age distributions phylogenetic analyses duplications. Overall, found evidence for at least 13 mesopolyploidies different degrees across Brassicaceae. New mesotetraploid events uncovered Anastaticeae, Iberideae Schizopetaleae, mesohexaploid Cochlearieae Physarieae. In contrast, convergent patterns retention loss among these WGDs. Our combined genomic data indicate that extant number variation in many plant groups, especially monophyletic taxa with numbers, can result from clade-specific duplications observation parallel provides one first multi-species tests predictability evolution.

Language: Английский

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Understanding polyploid establishment: temporary persistence or stable coexistence?

Oikos, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(5)

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Polyploidy, resulting from whole‐genome duplication (WGD), is ubiquitous in nature and reportedly associated with extreme environments biological invasions. However, WGD usually comes great costs, raising questions about the establishment chance of newly formed polyploids. The surprisingly high number polyploid mixed‐ploidy species observed may be a consequence their continuous emergence or reflect stable persistence even coexistence ancestral ploidy under certain circumstances. empirical studies on contemporary often neglect cost–benefit balances characteristics, tradeoffs between phenotypic intercytotype interactions, recurrent formation, stochastic processes. Here, we advocate for considering population‐level success, combining aforementioned factors that affect long‐term ancestors. We approach paradox despite costs modern theory perspective give an overview diversity mechanisms timing potentially enable rather than transient persistence.

Language: Английский

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Physical and molecular responses to flooding in Brassicaceae

Environmental and Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 219, P. 105664 - 105664

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Global flooding events are becoming more frequent due to climate change. Depending on the intensity, can cause below-ground plant tissues become waterlogged and above-ground partially or fully submerged, leading hypoxic environments. These conditions damage tissue, chlorosis senescence, typically halting growth development, resulting in significant yield loss. Many economically important Brassicaceae crops susceptible stress, such as Brassica napus (canola), oleracea (broccoli, cabbage, Chinese kale), rapa (caisin), well model species Arabidopsis thaliana, which has led characterization of physical molecular responses these under flooding. Additionally, comparative studies with native wetland species, Rorripa genus Nasturtium officinale (watercress), provide insight into phenotypic genetic adaptive traits flooded This review reports current knowledge morphological, physiological, highlighting both interspecies intraspecies comparisons that reveal shared distinct adaptations mechanisms involved responses. We include a discussion candidate genes potential improve tolerance future directions for this field research.

Language: Английский

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The Next Generation of Adaptive Radiation Studies in Plants

International Journal of Plant Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 182(4), P. 245 - 262

Published: Jan. 28, 2021

Adaptive radiation is an evolutionary process that has been promulgated in some clades as explanation for species richness and disparity morphological forms across ecological gradients. Studies designed to elucidate the mechanisms causes of adaptive have largely focused on animal systems, but plant tremendous potential answer elusive questions regarding radiations. The goals this review are (1) produce a synthetic understanding radiations through studies investigated plants (2) critically reflect contemporary highlight how approaches successful well limiting, (3) outline gaps our while emphasizing ideal characteristics future questions. Thirty-five highlighted, which several supported with multiple lines evidence, such Hawaiian silverswords, lobeliads, columbines. Plant examples commonly insular, diversified Miocene or Pliocene, associated dispersal-mediated opportunities, polyploids, experienced hybridization. From those studies, general model insular proposed. limitations current reliance phylogenetic comparative detect considered, integrative approach includes phylogenetics, genomics, ecology advocated. concludes call additional needed before we fully understand radiations, they include following: do biological interactions influence what role does environmental change play generating opportunity, genetic evolution drive radiation, (4) models adequately explain process, (5) hybridization, (6) why groups not undergo after opportunity?

Language: Английский

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Robustness and the generalist niche of polyploid species: Genome shock or gradual evolution?

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 69, P. 102292 - 102292

Published: Sept. 2, 2022

The prevalence of polyploidy in wild and crop species has stimulated debate over its evolutionary advantages disadvantages. Previous studies have focused on changes occurring at the polyploidization events, including genome-wide termed "genome shock," as well ancient polyploidy. Recent bioinformatics advances empirical Arabidopsis wheat relatives are filling a research gap: functional study polyploid using RNA-seq, DNA polymorphism, epigenomics. Polyploid can become generalists natura through environmental robustness by inheriting merging parental stress responses. Their evolvability is enhanced mutational working inherited standing variation. identification key genes responsible for gradual adaptive evolution will encourage synthetic biological approaches to transfer other species.

Language: Английский

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