Crop genetic erosion: understanding and responding to loss of crop diversity

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 233(1), P. 84 - 118

Published: Sept. 13, 2021

Summary Crop diversity underpins the productivity, resilience and adaptive capacity of agriculture. Loss this diversity, termed crop genetic erosion, is therefore concerning. While alarms regarding evident declines in have been raised for over a century, magnitude, trajectory, drivers significance these losses remain insufficiently understood. We outline various definitions, measurements, scales sources information on erosion. then provide synthesis evidence changes traditional landraces farms, modern cultivars agriculture, wild relatives their natural habitats resources held conservation repositories. This indicates that marked losses, but also maintenance increases occurred all contexts, extent depending species, taxonomic geographic scale, region, as well analytical approach. discuss steps needed to further advance knowledge around agricultural societal significance, implications, Finally, we propose actions mitigate, stem reverse diversity.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Climate Change on Dryland Agricultural Systems: A Review of Current Status, Potentials, and Further Work Need

International Journal of Plant Production, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 341 - 363

Published: May 20, 2022

Language: Английский

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Agriculture and the Disruption of Plant–Microbial Symbiosis

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 35(5), P. 426 - 439

Published: March 10, 2020

Language: Английский

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Crop biotechnology and the future of food

Nature Food, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1(5), P. 273 - 283

Published: May 19, 2020

Language: Английский

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Disentangling Domestication from Food Production Systems in the Neotropics

Quaternary, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 4 - 4

Published: Jan. 28, 2021

The Neolithic Revolution narrative associates early-mid Holocene domestications with the development of agriculture that fueled rise late civilizations. This continues to be influential, even though it has been deconstructed by archaeologists and geneticists in its homeland. To further disentangle domestication from reliance on food production systems, such as agriculture, we revisit definitions review Pleistocene–early archaeobotanical record, quantify use, management Neotropical plants provide insights about past. plant relies common human behaviors (selection, accumulation caring) within agroecological systems focus individual plants, rather than populations—as is typical agriculture. early record includes numerous perennial annual species, many which later became domesticated. Some this evidence identifies dispersal probable cultivation, suggesting incipient 10,000 years ago. Since Pleistocene, more 6500, 1206 6261 native species have used Mesoamerica, Central Andes lowland South America, respectively. At least 1555, 428 742 are managed outside inside at 1148, 600 cultivated, respectively, domestication. Full domesticates Mesoamerica (251) (124) lowlands (45). synthesis reveals Neotropics previously recognized started much earlier systems. Hundreds ethnic groups had, some still have, alternative strategies do involve domestication, although they not rely principally

Language: Английский

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De novo domestication of wild species to create crops with increased resilience and nutritional value

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 60, P. 102006 - 102006

Published: Feb. 7, 2021

Language: Английский

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Domestication of Crop Metabolomes: Desired and Unintended Consequences

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 650 - 661

Published: Feb. 27, 2021

The majority of the crops and vegetables today were domesticated from their wild progenitors within past 12 000 years. Considerable research effort has been expended on characterizing genes undergoing positive negative selection during processes crop domestication improvement. Many studies have also documented how contents a handful metabolites altered human selection, but we are only beginning to unravel true extent metabolic consequences breeding. We highlight metabolomes wittingly or unwittingly shaped by domestication, can identify new targets for metabolite engineering purpose de novo relatives.

Language: Английский

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Emerging evidence of plant domestication as a landscape-level process

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(3), P. 268 - 279

Published: Dec. 2, 2021

Current theories of plant domestication are based on localized founder models in which single or multiple domestications occur as a progressive result adaptation processes, but anomalies that do not fit within this perspective have been accumulating.We describe developments archaeology and genetics over the past decade cultural connections between groups stretch back much further time than was previously realized, wide geographic distances. Weak selection for substantially pre-dates and/or cultivation practices, large populations appear to maintained throughout emergence domesticates, resulting forms were necessarily an improvement terms yield.We present framework process evolved landscape-level involving connected through sustained long-term human contact distances from domesticate emerged complex manner adaptive reaction exploitation did provide immediate benefits.The landscape addresses several radically changes dynamic visualization evolution domestication. It also opens up list new questions regarding mechanisms assembly syndrome alleles, obliges profound rethink nature evolution. The evidence ancient crops challenges some our most basic assumptions about has viewed technologically adapt environments response cultivation. By contrast, genetic archaeological reveals slow involved areas with unexpectedly deep time. We review calls crop origins. Evolutionary processes operate across vast time, origins domesticates complex. bottleneck is redundant concept doubt. domesticated (see Glossary) plants underpinning rise agriculture often seen pivotal moment progress, associated initial costs malnutrition [1.Larsen C.S. Biological agriculture.Annu. Rev. 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To better understand both biological levels, we need length occurred, region involved. strength directly assessed measuring change frequency shattering variance using statistical approaches Haldane units Darwin units. first established that, barley) (rice), coefficients very low, and, crucially, comparable those natural [23.Purugganan M.D. domestication.Nature. 457: 843-848Crossref (557) Scholar,24.Purugganan rates domestication.Evolution. 65: 171-183Crossref similarly found wider crops, including lentils, goosefoot, mung-bean, sunflower, soybean, pea, [15.Fuller Such findings notion principle, implications modes Further dissection pressures changed [25.Allaby R.G. al.Geographic mosaics changing domestication.Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 2: 20160429Crossref (45) Notably case increase development dominance stone sickle technologies [26.Maeda O. al.Narrowing harvest: investment Crescent.Quat. 145: 226-237Crossref Before sickles, non-shattering weak, already substantial frequencies 20–30% tools increased. suggests weak source pressure pre-dated clear agricultural activities millennia. Backward extrapolation onset dates 20–25 thousand (kyr BP) Asia, 14 kyr BP indicates pre-agricultural played role initiation trajectory rooted ecologies impacting late Pleistocene. Pleistocene recognized transformation ecosystems vegetation burning hunting megafauna [27.Boivin N.L. al.Ecological niche construction: examining anthropogenic shaping global distributions.Proc. 6388-6396Crossref (356) period following Last Glacial Maximum, ~20 BP, intensified foraging China [28.Chen Yu P.L. Intensified roots farming China.J. 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Plon, 1962Google unconsciousness archaeologists emergent ecological adapted environment Scholar,42.Rindos Agriculture: An Perspective. Academic Press, 1984Google instance, pertains selective breeding carried out proto-agriculturalists led still supported quarters [43.Abbo al.Origin domestication: homage Claude Levi-Strauss 'La Sauvage'.Genet. Resour. Crop. 58: 175-179Crossref (30) researchers now recognize teleological paradox conscious engenders: would predict having ever achieved it. requires ability identify low extremely subtle differences plants, scenario find unconvincing. However, thought. demonstrate principal [44.Darwin Variation domestication.in: Origin Species. Murray, 1859: 7-43Google although he attributed itself unintentional biases [45.Darwin Plants Animals Domestication. 1869: 114Google Later invoked guise truncation possible mode [46.Sved J.A. Possible substitution evolution.Am. 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'Haldane's dilemma' evolution.Nature. 219: 1114-1116Crossref (61) 56.Felsenstein On significance substitution.Am. 1971; 105: 1-11Crossref 57.Barton Partridge Limits selection.Bioessays. 2000; 22: 1075-1084Crossref (150) standard stabilizing subset applied [65.Barton maintenance polygenic variation balance mutation selection.Genet. Camb. 1986; 47: 209-216Crossref (95) accounts fitness individuals loci gain alleles. Here diminishes threshold, hence always behave selection.Selective works IB) ranked respect particular trait, again threshold imposed contrast removed, above retained. Because placed predictably splits retaining top half discarding lower half, extent reduced controlled problem becoming excessive Scholar].A third class differs system function environment. work frequency- density-dependency. One example competitive [68.Allaby novel domestication.BioRxiv. (Published online October 31, 2020)https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.362236Google IC). advantage gained mutant acquisition. acquisition elicits burden shared remainder population. As advantaged appear, becomes rarer type, thus intensifying removal, excess competition until returns its state. Selection

Language: Английский

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The next era of crop domestication starts now

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(14)

Published: March 27, 2023

Current food systems are challenged by relying on a few input-intensive, staple crops. The prioritization of yield and the loss diversity during recent history domestication has created contemporary crops cropping that ecologically unsustainable, vulnerable to climate change, nutrient poor, socially inequitable. For decades, scientists have proposed as solution address these challenges global security. Here, we outline possibilities for new era crop domestication, focused broadening palette diversity, engages benefits three elements domestication: crops, ecosystems, humans. We explore how suite tools technologies at hand can be applied renew in existing improve underutilized domesticate bolster genetic, agroecosystem, system diversity. Implementing requires researchers, funders, policymakers boldly invest basic translational research. Humans need more diverse Anthropocene-the process help build them.

Language: Английский

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Navigating toward resilient and inclusive seed systems

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(14)

Published: March 27, 2023

Food systems face new climatic and socioecological challenges farmers need a diversity of plant varieties to respond these. While breeding is important, institutional innovations in

Language: Английский

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