Discovering floristic and geoecological gradients across Amazonia

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 46(8), P. 1734 - 1748

Published: June 11, 2019

Abstract Aim To map and interpret floristic geoecological patterns across the Amazon basin by combining extensive field data with basin‐wide Landsat imagery climatic data. Location Amazonia. Taxon Ground truth on ferns lycophytes; remote sensing results reflect forest canopy properties. Methods We used plot to assess main ecological gradients Amazonia relate ordination axes soil base cation concentration, Climatologies at High Resolution for Earth's Land Surface Areas (CHELSA) variables reflectance values from a image composite generalized linear models. Ordination were then predicted all using CHELSA, regional subdivision was obtained k‐medoid classification. Results The primary gradient strongly related concentration in soil, secondary variables. revealed tapestry of broad‐scale variation characteristics axis scores CHELSA produced spatial consistent existing knowledge soils, geology vegetation, but also suggested new patterns. clearest dichotomy between central peripheral areas, available supported classification into least eight subregions. Main conclusions are capable predicting soil‐related species compositional understorey lycophytes surprisingly high accuracy. Although exact relationships may differ among plant groups, observed must be relevant other plants as well, since surface recorded satellites is mostly influenced tree canopy. This opens exciting prospects distribution modelling, conservation planning, biogeographical studies Amazonian biota. Our maps provide preliminary that can now tested refined groups hitherto unsampled areas.

Language: Английский

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Global patterns of population genetic differentiation in seed plants

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 29(18), P. 3413 - 3428

Published: Aug. 3, 2020

Evaluating the factors that drive patterns of population differentiation in plants is critical for understanding several biological processes such as local adaptation and incipient speciation. Previous studies have given conflicting results regarding significance pollination mode, seed dispersal mating system, growth form latitudinal region shaping genetic structure, estimated by FST values, no study to date has tested their relative importance together across a broad scale. Here, we assembled 337-species data set from publications with on nuclear markers species traits, including variables pertaining sampling scheme each study. We used while accounting variables, perform phylogenetic multiple regressions. Results demonstrated values were higher tropical, mixed-mating, non-woody pollinated small insects, indicating greater differentiation, lower temperate, outcrossing trees wind. Among tested, explained largest portion variance, followed system form, mode did not significantly relate . Our analyses provide most robust comprehensive evaluation main ecological predicted plants, important implications basis divergence. supports previous findings showing tropical regions first are aware robustly demonstrate insects.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of Amazonian biodiversity: A review

Acta Amazonica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 54(spe1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Amazonia (defined herein as the Amazon basin) is home to greatest concentration of biodiversity on Earth, providing unique genetic resources and ecological functions that contribute ecosystem services globally. The lengthy complex evolutionary history this region has produced heterogeneous landscapes riverscapes at multiple scales, altered geographic connections among populations, impacted rates adaptation, speciation, extinction. In turn, ecologically diverse Amazonian biotas promoted further diversification, species coexistence, coevolution, with accumulating over tens millions years. Important events in included: (i) late Cretaceous early Paleogene origin major rainforest plant animal groups; (ii) Eocene-Oligocene global cooling rainforests contracting tropical latitudes separating Atlantic coastal rainforests; (iii) Miocene uplift central northern Andes separated Pacific rainforests, spurred formation mega-wetlands western Amazon, contributed modern transcontinental River; (iv) Neogene Panamanian Isthmus facilitated Great American Biotic Interchange; (v) Pleistocene climate oscillations followed by Pleistocene-Holocene human colonization megafaunal extinctions; (vi) era widespread anthropogenic deforestation, defaunation, transformations regional climates. conservation requires decade-scale investments into documentation monitoring leverage existing scientific capacity, strategic habitat planning allow continuity processes now future.

Language: Английский

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The role of environmental filtering, geographic distance and dispersal barriers in shaping the turnover of plant and animal species in Amazonia

Biodiversity and Conservation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 29(13), P. 3609 - 3634

Published: Sept. 2, 2020

Abstract To determine the effect of rivers, environmental conditions, and isolation by distance on distribution species in Amazonia. Location: Brazilian Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Birds, fishes, bats, ants, termites, butterflies, ferns + lycophytes, gingers palms. We compiled a unique dataset biotic abiotic information from 822 plots spread over Amazon. evaluated effects environment, geographic dispersal barriers (rivers) assemblage composition animal plant using multivariate techniques distance- raw-data-based regression approaches. Environmental variables (soil/water), distance, rivers were associated with most taxa. The wide relatively old Amazon River tended to differences community for biological groups. Despite this association, environment generally more important than explaining changes composition. results multi-taxa comparisons suggest that variation Amazonia reflects both limitation (isolation or large rivers) adaptation local conditions. Larger older river influenced species. However, general is weaker gradients geographical at broad scales Amazonia, but relative importance each these processes varies among

Language: Английский

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Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(7), P. 1163 - 1184

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

Abstract Aim Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or forest types. Location Amazonia. Taxon Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods Data for the abundance of 5082 in 1989 plots were combined mega‐phylogeny. We applied ordination assess how phylogenetic composition varies used variation partitioning Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) test quantify separate joint contributions spatial environmental variables explain plots. tested indicator value types mapped associations onto phylogeny. Results In terra firme várzea types, by region, but igapó white‐sand retain unique signature regardless Overall, find soil chemistry, climate topography 24% composition, 79% being spatially structured ( R 2 = 19% overall spatial/environmental effects). The also shows substantial patterns related quantified 28%). A greater number significant indicators Main Conclusion Numerous including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong This specialization specific has played long‐standing role assembly Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many even those dominate within likely because phylogenetically conserved niches conditions are prevalent regions.

Language: Английский

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Testing main Amazonian rivers as barriers across time and space within widespread taxa

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 46(11), P. 2444 - 2456

Published: Sept. 20, 2019

Abstract Aim Present Amazonian diversity patterns can result from many different mechanisms and, consequently, the factors contributing to divergence across regions and/or taxa may differ. Nevertheless, river‐barrier hypothesis is still widely invoked as a causal process in of species. Here we use model‐based phylogeographic analyses test extent which major rivers act similarly barriers time and space two broadly distributed taxa. Local Amazon rain forest. Taxon The lizard Gonatodes humeralis (Sphaerodactylidae) tree frog Dendropsophus leucophyllatus (Hylidae). Methods We obtained RADseq data for samples main river barriers, representing Areas Endemism previously proposed region. conduct genetic differentiation each population pair. Results Measures (based on F ST calculated genomic data) show that all are associated with significant differentiation. Parameters estimated under investigated models showed times populations separated by 11 bordering were fairly recent. degree consistently varied between among rivers, not an artifact any corresponding difference diversities respective taxa, or amounts migration based site‐frequency spectrum. Main conclusions Taken together, our results support dispersal (rather than vicariance) history, without strong evidence congruence these species rivers. However, once crossed river, every have remained isolated—in this sense, further gene flow. This suggests differing degrees persistence gives rise seeming contradiction indeed varies time, species, even though acted secondary flow focal

Language: Английский

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Contrasting patterns of diversification between Amazonian and Atlantic forest clades of Neotropical lianas (Amphilophium, Bignonieae) inferred from plastid genomic data

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 133, P. 92 - 106

Published: Dec. 22, 2018

Language: Английский

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A Biogeographic Barrier Test Reveals a Strong Genetic Structure for a Canopy-Emergent Amazon Tree Species

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Dec. 9, 2019

Abstract Wallace’s (1854) Riverine Barrier hypothesis is one of the earliest explanations for Amazon biotic diversification. Despite importance this explaining speciation in some animal groups, it has not been studied extensively plant species. In study we use a prominent tree, Buchenavia oxycarpa (Mart.) Eichler (Combretaceae), to evaluate along Rio Negro, major tributary that driven allopatric several taxa. We sampled six individuals from sixteen localities both river banks, and used modified ddRADseq protocol identify SNP markers. Our population genomic data revealed strong genetic structure B. across banks Negro (ϕ CT = 0.576, P < 0.001), supporting acted as significant barrier . shows gene flow large well-dispersed tree impeded by riverine barriers, though yet resulted speciation. Future studies focused on species with different life histories, including restricted non-flooded forests, are needed further advance our understanding rivers drivers

Language: Английский

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History and Geography of Neotropical Tree Diversity

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 279 - 301

Published: Aug. 12, 2019

Early botanical explorers invoked biogeographic history to explain the remarkable tree diversity of Neotropical forests. In this context, we review over past 100 million years, focusing on biomes with significant diversity. We evaluate hypotheses for rain forest origins, intercontinental disjunctions, and models diversification. To assess impact biotic interchange Amazon flora, examined histories trees in Ecuador's Yasuní Forest, which suggest that nearly 50% its species descend from immigrant lineages colonized South America during Cenozoic. Long-distance dispersal, combined trait filtering niche evolution, are important factors community assembly role pre-Columbian people discuss future forests Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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Most species are not limited by an Amazonian river postulated to be a border between endemism areas

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 29, 2018

At broad scales in the Amazon, it is often hypothesized that species distributions are limited by geographical barriers, such as large rivers (river-barrier hypothesis). This hypothesis has been used to explain spatial-distribution limits of and indicate endemism areas for several phylogenetic lineages. We tested ability river-barrier patterns diversity 1952 easily-detected 14 taxonomic groups occur around Madeira River, our results River border between explains much found region inappropriate >99% species. indicates alternative hypotheses should be proposed well a revision criteria determine species-endemism areas.

Language: Английский

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