Beyond forests in the Amazon: biogeography and floristic relationships of the Amazonian savannas

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 193(4), P. 478 - 503

Published: March 20, 2020

Abstract Open habitats such as grasslands occupy < 5% of the Amazon and are currently grouped under broad term Amazonian savanna, covering an area c. 267 000 km2, mostly in Brazil Bolivia. These found isolated within extensive rainforest matrix, having a distinct flora from latter. The lower River is home to several patches savanna that both south north banks river, Santarém, Alenquer Monte Alegre. Although abundance herbaceous plants, most studies on these open areas focus only tree species, ignoring relevant non-woody component vegetation. Our objectives were provide new surveys seed plants for two sites take opportunity revisit biogeographical links between canga vegetation central Brazilian cerrado (CBC) caatinga, analysing woody plants. We created floristic database includes savannas, including campinarana, coastal scrub (restinga), CBC campos rupestres (on or other substrate). compared those using multivariate analyses find out degree resemblance sites. prepared list 406 species [336 Parque Estadual de Alegre (PEMA) 117 Serra do Itauajuri (SI)], 23 records state Pará some putative science. savannas form three loosely arranged groups, whereas formed cohesive assemblage. Both groups contrasted against caatinga had distinctive both. Sites north-western (Alter Chão, PEMA SI) with their northern counterparts Roraima. An improved representation provided, more insight into relationship types. It worrying recent changes legislation place environments, PEMA, path vulnerability disturbance destruction.

Language: Английский

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Riverine Barriers as Obstacles to Dispersal in Amazonian Birds

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: July 4, 2022

Amazonian rivers represent known barriers for avian dispersal, reducing gene flow and enhancing differentiation. Despite the importance of in evolutionary process, we have made only minor advances understanding limitations imposed by on flying birds. To fill that gap, conducted dispersal-challenge experiments over water, assessing capabilities 84 tropical bird species 22 different families. We mist-netted released 484 birds from a stationary boat Rio Branco, northern Amazonia, at increasing distances shore, including 249 individuals 100; 219 200; 8 300; 5 400 m. A successful trial was represented reaching riverbank, whereas failure would refer to not shore landing when they were rescued our team. Our main goal understand if outcome could be predicted (i) phylogenetic constraints, (ii) morphology (body mass wing shape), (iii) flight speed, (iv) ecological preferences (stratum, habitat, river-island specialization), (v) psychological reluctance fly. Nearly two thirds (332) 152 failed. found significant differences among lineages. Whereas seven families succeeded all trials, (antbirds wrens) particularly bad dispersers (<40% success). The hand-wing index (HWI) single most powerful predictor success. Flying speed also Overall, attributes had low explanatory power. Only forest stratum preference significant, although weak, effect dispersal ability: canopy- ground-dwellers performed better than understory However, no habitat or specialization ability. estimates 64 are first produced tropics suggest slower speeds those reported temperate migratory Although showed behavioral presented with opportunity fly away boat, evidence their predict experiments. This represents experimental study evaluating riverine through ability birds, providing important insights provided barriers.

Language: Английский

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By Animal, Water, or Wind: Can Dispersal Mode Predict Genetic Connectivity in Riverine Plant Species?

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 12, 2021

Seed dispersal is crucial to gene flow among plant populations. Although the effects of geographic distance and barriers are well studied in many systems, it unclear how seed mediates conjunction with interacting barriers. To test whether distinct modes (i.e., hydrochory, anemochory, zoochory) have a consistent effect on level genetic connectivity flow) populations riverine species, we used unlinked single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for eight co-distributed species sampled across Rio Branco, putative biogeographic barrier Amazon basin. We found that animal-dispersed exhibited higher levels diversity lack inbreeding as result stronger than whose seeds dispersed by water or wind. Interestingly, our results also indicated Branco facilitates all analyzed, irrespective their mode dispersal. Even at small spatial scale, findings suggest ecology rather geography play key role shaping evolutionary history plants These may help improve conservation management policies Amazonian riparian forests, where degradation deforestation rates high.

Language: Английский

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Late Neogene megariver captures and the Great Amazonian Biotic Interchange

Global and Planetary Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 205, P. 103554 - 103554

Published: July 26, 2021

Language: Английский

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The role of biogeographical barriers on the historical dynamics of passerine birds with a circum‐Amazonian distribution

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Common distributional patterns have provided the foundations of our knowledge Neotropical biogeography. A distinctive pattern is “circum‐Amazonian distribution”, which surrounds Amazonia across forested lowlands south and east basin, Andean foothills, Venezuelan Coastal Range, Tepuis. The underlying evolutionary biogeographical mechanisms responsible for this widespread avian distribution yet to be elucidated. Here, we test effects barriers in four species passerine family Thamnophilidae by performing comparative demographic analyses genome‐scale data. Specifically, used flanking regions ultraconserved estimate population historical parameters genealogical trees tested models reflecting contrasting scenarios explaining circum‐Amazonian distribution. We found that taxa with at least two main phylogeographical clusters: (1) Andes, often extending into Central America Tepuis; (2) remaining their These clusters are connected through corridors along Chaco–Cerrado southeastern Amazonia, allowing gene flow between eastern South American populations. Demographic histories consistent Pleistocene climatic fluctuations having a strong influence on diversification history taxa, Refugia played crucial role, enabling both phenotypic genetic differentiation, maintaining substantial interconnectedness keep considerable levels during different dry/cool warm/humid periods. Additionally, steep environmental gradients appear play critical role structure.

Language: Английский

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The role of abrupt climate change in the formation of an open vegetation enclave in northern Amazonia during the late Quaternary

Global and Planetary Change, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 172, P. 140 - 149

Published: Sept. 11, 2018

Language: Английский

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The Central Role of Taxonomy in the Study of Neotropical Biodiversity

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 105(3), P. 405 - 421

Published: Sept. 30, 2020

The Neotropics are the most species-rich area of planet. Understanding origin and maintenance this diversity is an important goal ecology evolutionary biology. Success in endeavor relies heavily on past work taxonomists who have collected specimens produced floras monographs that constitute foundation for study plant diversity. To illustrate this, we visualize collecting efforts through time identify importance taxonomic collection generating bulk specimen data broad-scale analyses rely today. demonstrate taxonomy Neotropical biodiversity, showcase selected groups which in-depth understanding has facilitated exciting ecological research highlight teams scientists built legacy Alwyn Gentry, one prolific late 20th century. We also discuss challenges faced by taxonomists, including perceived subjectivity, difficulty measuring impact, need to become more interdisciplinary. end with potential solutions going forward, integration interdisciplinary research, advocacy continued efforts, increased funding alpha performed increasingly replicable methodology, explicit decolonization increase inclusivity equity field taxonomy. Acknowledging central role essential accurately completely describe biodiversity patterns age unprecedented extinction risk conservation need.

Language: Английский

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Riverine barriers to gene flow in a salamander with both aquatic and terrestrial reproduction

Evolutionary Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 35(3), P. 483 - 511

Published: April 4, 2021

Language: Английский

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Elevation drives taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic β‐diversity of phyllostomid bats in the Amazon biome

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 70 - 85

Published: Nov. 24, 2022

Abstract Aim We evaluated the relative importance of geographical and environment variables for taxonomic, phylogenetic functional β‐diversity phyllostomid bats along entire Amazon biome specifically in lowlands. Location biome. Taxon Chiroptera. Methods carried out a bibliographic review compiled wide unprecedented database 106 bat species at 102 sites throughout For all possible pairs both datasets, we estimated Jaccard pairwise dissimilarity, that is, β‐diversity, considering its three dimensions—taxonomic, functional—for two components—turnover (substitution species) differences richness. The association between dissimilarity measurements was assessed using multiple regressions on distance matrices (MRM). Results found turnover richness had similar contributions to taxonomic β‐diversity. However, lineages functions contribute slightly more than total In lowlands, species, were higher diversity dimensions. When accounting sites, elevation main predictor bats' turnover. lowland ecoregions (but relatively weak) associated with Main conclusions Analysis filtering according revealed Amazonian lowlands are taxonomically phylogenetically different from Andes, present redundancy assemblages. whole range distribution bats, results showed predominant effect over other environmental predictors. This indicates good dispersers such as is affected by specialisation climatic gradients barriers

Language: Английский

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The phylogeographic journey of a plant species from lowland to highlands during the Pleistocene

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Abstract Phylogeographic history refers to how species evolve and diversify in response historical, ecological, demographic factors. The climate fluctuation during the Pleistocene period marked a crucial time shaping many species’ distribution genetic structure, particularly those from southern South American grasslands. This work investigated phylogeographic of highland grassland, Petunia altiplana T. Ando & Hashim. (Solanaceae), its diversity, geographic using population genomic approach based on RAD-seq data. Our results indicated that, Pleistocene, when grasslands expanded highlands, lowland populations P. reached higher open fields, enlarging their distribution. We found that diversity followed division into eastern (E) western (WE) groups, with subtle E group regarding Pelotas River headwater. also showed isolation by distance was main divergence pattern, elevation playing pivotal role WE groups. findings lowland-adapted quickly colonized highlands late .

Language: Английский

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