Heat Waves, the New Normal: Summertime Temperature Extremes Will Impact Animals, Ecosystems, and Human Communities

Physiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 34(2), P. 86 - 100

Published: Feb. 6, 2019

A consequence of climate change is the increased frequency and severity extreme heat waves. This occurring now as most warmest summers intense waves ever recorded have been during past decade. In this review, I describe ways in which animals human populations are likely to respond heat, suggest how study those responses, reflect on importance studies for countering devastating impacts change.

Language: Английский

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Survive a Warming Climate: Insect Responses to Extreme High Temperatures

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 66(1), P. 163 - 184

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Global change includes a substantial increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme high temperatures (EHTs), which influence insects at almost all levels. The number studies showing ecological importance EHTs has risen recent years, but knowledge is rather dispersed contemporary literature. In this article, we review biological effects actually experienced field, i.e., when coupled to fluctuating thermal regimes. First, characterize field. Then, summarize impacts on various levels processes allowing buffer EHTs. Finally, argue that mechanisms leading positive or negative can only be resolved from integrative approaches considering natural Thermal extremes, perhaps more than gradual mean temperature, drive insect responses climate change, with crucial pest management biodiversity conservation.

Language: Английский

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Molecular and genetic bases of heat stress responses in crop plants and breeding for increased resilience and productivity

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 71(13), P. 3780 - 3802

Published: Jan. 20, 2020

To ensure the food security of future generations and to address challenge 'no hunger zone' proposed by FAO (Food Agriculture Organization), crop production must be doubled 2050, but environmental stresses are counteracting this goal. Heat stress in particular is affecting agricultural crops more frequently severely. Since discovery physiological, molecular, genetic bases heat responses, cultivated plants have become subject intense research on how they may avoid or tolerate either using natural variation creating new with DNA technologies, mutational breeding, genome editing. This review reports current understanding molecular together recent approaches heat-tolerant varieties. Research close a breakthrough global relevance, breeding fitter face biggest our time.

Language: Английский

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Environmental RNA: A Revolution in Ecological Resolution?

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(7), P. 601 - 609

Published: March 20, 2021

Language: Английский

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The thermal tolerance of photosynthetic tissues: a global systematic review and agenda for future research

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 229(5), P. 2497 - 2513

Published: Oct. 30, 2020

Understanding plant thermal tolerance is fundamental to predicting impacts of extreme temperature events that are increasing in frequency and intensity across the globe. Extremes, not averages, drive species evolution, determine survival increase crop performance. To better prioritize agricultural natural systems research, it crucial evaluate how researchers assessing capacity plants tolerate events. We conducted a systematic review research distributed wild domesticated plants, growth forms biomes, identify knowledge gaps. Our shows most examines cold cultivated species; c. 5% articles consider both heat tolerance. Plants environments understudied, techniques widely applied largely unused systems. Lastly, we find lack standardized methods metrics compromises potential for mechanistic insight. provides an entry point those new used bridges often disparate ecological perspectives more experienced. present considered agenda priorities stimulate efficient, reliable repeatable spectrum

Language: Английский

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Increased Adaptive Variation Despite Reduced Overall Genetic Diversity in a Rapidly Adapting Invader

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Nov. 26, 2019

Invasive species often evolve rapidly following introduction despite genetic bottlenecks that may result from small numbers of founders; however, some invasions not fit this "genetic paradox". The invasive cane toad (Rhinella marina) displays high phenotypic variation across its introduced Australian range. Here, we used three genome-wide datasets to characterize their population structure and diversity. We found toads form clusters: 1) native range toads, 2) the source in Hawaii long-established areas near sites Australia, 3) more recently established northern sites. Although find an overall reduction diversity introduction, do see loci putatively under selection, suggesting have been maintained at ecologically relevant traits, or mutation rates were enough maintain adaptive potential. Nonetheless, encounter novel environmental challenges transition between clusters occurs a point along invasion transect where temperature rises rainfall decreases. identify environmentally associated known be involved resistance heat dehydration. This study highlights natural selection plays vital role shaping populations.

Language: Английский

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The influence of climate change on human cardiovascular function

Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 75(7), P. 406 - 414

Published: March 23, 2020

Climate change is considered to have great impact on human health. The heat waves been associated with excess morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) across various populations geographic locations. Important role in the heat-induced damage has endothelial dysfunction. It noticed that hot weather can impair tone structure blood vessels via interfering variety biological factors such as nitric oxide synthesize, cytokine production systemic inflammation. Also, due dehydration increased viscosity, by promoting thrombogenesis, important patients atherosclerosis. During chronic exposure cold or function be decreased, leading a higher risk developing heart attack, malignant cardiac arrhythmias, thromboembolic sepsis like shock. shown changes ambient temperature through increasing pressure, rate, contribute mortality. majority deaths especially affect individuals preexisting CVD. This population experience decline health status, since extreme affects pharmacokinetic parameters many drugs. Increased from ischemic hemorrhagic stroke also related variations. On cellular level, limit storage ATP O2 increase amount free radicals toxic substances induce neuronal apoptotic signal transduction, which all lead stroke. Preserving context climate changing tends particularly challenging.

Language: Английский

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Phenological physiology: seasonal patterns of plant stress tolerance in a changing climate

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 237(5), P. 1508 - 1524

Published: Nov. 14, 2022

Summary The physiological challenges posed by climate change for seasonal, perennial plants include increased risk of heat waves, postbudbreak freezing (‘false springs’), and droughts. Although considerable work has shown that the traits conferring tolerance to these stressors – thermotolerance, cold hardiness, water deficit stress, respectively are not static in time, they frequently treated as such. In this review, I synthesize recent literature on predictable seasonal therefore, phenological patterns acclimation deacclimation heat, cold, water‐deficit stress perennials, focusing woody native temperate climates. highlight promising, high‐throughput techniques quantifying drought tolerance. For each forms tolerance, summarize current balance evidence regarding temporal over course a year suggest characteristic scale responses environmental stress. doing so, offer synthetic framework ‘phenological physiology’, which understanding leveraging seasonally recurring (phenological) can facilitate adaptation mitigation.

Language: Английский

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Heat Shock Protein Response to Stress in Poultry: A Review

Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 317 - 317

Published: Jan. 16, 2023

Compared to other animal species, production has dramatically increased in the poultry sector. However, intensive systems, are subjected stress conditions that may compromise their well-being. Much like living organisms, respond various stressors by synthesising a group of evolutionarily conserved polypeptides named heat shock proteins (HSPs) maintain homeostasis. These proteins, as chaperones, play pivotal role protecting animals against re-establishing normal protein conformation and, thus, cellular In last few decades, many advances have been made ascertaining HSP response thermal and non-thermal poultry. The present review focuses on what is currently known about discusses factors modulate its induction regulatory mechanisms. development practical strategies alleviate detrimental effects environmental stresses will benefit from detailed studies describe mechanisms resilience enhance our understanding nature signalling gene expression.

Language: Английский

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Transposable Elements: Major Players in Shaping Genomic and Evolutionary Patterns

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1048 - 1048

Published: March 19, 2022

Transposable elements (TEs) are ubiquitous genetic elements, able to jump from one location of the genome another, in all organisms. For this reason, on hand, TEs can induce deleterious mutations, causing dysfunction, disease and even lethality individuals. On other increase variability, making populations better equipped respond adaptively environmental change. To counteract effects TEs, organisms have evolved strategies avoid their activation. However, mobilization does occur. Usually, maintained silent through several mechanisms, but they be reactivated during certain developmental windows. Moreover, become de-repressed because drastic changes external environment. Here, we describe ‘double life’ being both ‘parasites’ ‘symbionts’ genome. We also argue that transposition contributes two important evolutionary processes: temporal dynamic evolution induction variability. Finally, discuss how interplay between TE-dependent phenomena, insertional mutagenesis epigenetic plasticity, plays a role process evolution.

Language: Английский

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