Host traits shape virome composition and virus transmission in wild small mammals

Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 186(21), P. 4662 - 4675.e12

Published: Sept. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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Abundant and Diverse RNA Viruses in Insects Revealed by RNA-Seq Analysis: Ecological and Evolutionary Implications

mSystems, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(4)

Published: July 6, 2020

Increasing data indicate that insects serve as major reservoirs and vectors of viruses, which account for the continuously increasing ecological burden infectious disease outbreaks. Uncovering hidden diversity viruses in will further understanding evolutionary perspectives emergence insect-associated virus diseases. In this study, we queried transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) from more than 600 species across 32 insect orders dwelling different habitats recovered 1,213 RNA were recapitulated 40 families, 2 unclassified genera, many unspecified viral groups. These novel included well-known within Flaviviridae, Picornavirales, Bunyavirales, Mononegavirales, Nidovirales, Reoviridae, Negevirus More appeared to form clusters previously described taxa or could be resolved paraphyletic, including first astrovirus identified insects, sufficiently divergent warrant establishment new genera families. Additionally, some closely related recognized plant-, fungus-, vertebrate-specific species, implying importance relationships between behavior spread. Comparative genome analyses also revealed high genomic variability with respect flexible gene pool architecture these newly evidence reshuffling discovered Dicistroviridae The reflecting genetically ecologically diverse populations greatly expand our nature highlight biodiversity remains largely unexplored.IMPORTANCE Insects comprise largest proportion animals on earth are frequently implicated transmission vector-borne However, considerable attention has been paid phytophagous hematophagous results provide insufficient biased information about insects. Here, have delivered compelling exceptional abundance genetic a wide range Novel found cover categories formed taxa, dramatically broadening known characterized exhibited levels plasticity size, open reading frame (ORF) number, intergenic structure, rearrangement segmentation. This work provides comprehensive insight into origin, spread, evolution viruses. Of course, large-scale virome project involving organisms would more-detailed infections

Language: Английский

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Demographic and environmental drivers of metagenomic viral diversity in vampire bats

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 26 - 39

Published: Sept. 28, 2019

Viruses infect all forms of life and play critical roles as agents disease, drivers biochemical cycles sources genetic diversity for their hosts. Our understanding viral derives primarily from comparisons among host species, precluding insight into how intraspecific variation in ecology affects communities or predictable are across populations. Here we test spatial, demographic environmental hypotheses explaining richness community composition populations common vampire bats, which occur diverse habitats North, Central South America. We demonstrate marked that was not consistently predicted by a null model declining similarity with increasing spatial distances separating also find no evidence larger bat colonies greater diversity. Instead, follows an elevational gradient, is enriched juvenile-biased age structure, declines local anthropogenic food resources measured livestock density. results establish the value linking modern influx metagenomic sequence data comparative ecology, reveal snapshot views unlikely to be representative at species level, affirm existing ecological theories link only single pathogen dynamics but communities.

Language: Английский

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Defining New Pathways to Manage the Ongoing Emergence of Bat Rabies in Latin America

Viruses, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1002 - 1002

Published: Sept. 8, 2020

Rabies transmitted by common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) has been known since the early 1900s but continues to expand geographically and in range of species environments affected. In this review, we present current knowledge epidemiology management rabies D. rotundus argue that it can be reasonably considered an emerging public health threat. We identify gaps related landscape determinants bat reservoir, reduction bites on humans livestock, social barriers prevention. discuss how new technologies including autonomously-spreading vaccines reproductive suppressants targeting might manage both undesirable growth populations. Finally, highlight widespread under-reporting human animal mortality scarcity studies quantify efficacy control measures such as culling. Collaborations between researchers managers will crucial implement next generation Latin America.

Language: Английский

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Diversification of mammalian deltaviruses by host shifting

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(3)

Published: Jan. 4, 2021

Significance Satellites are virus-like agents which require both a host and virus to complete their life cycle. The only human-infecting satellite is hepatitis delta (HDV), exacerbates liver disease in patients co-infected with B (HBV). How HDV originated long-standing evolutionary puzzle. Using terabase-scale data mining, coevolutionary analyses, field studies bats, we show that deltaviruses can jump between highly divergent species. Our results further suggest the contemporary association HBV likely arose following zoonotic transmission from yet-undiscovered animal reservoir Americas. Plastic associations open prospects might alter virulence of multiple viruses

Language: Английский

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Characterizing and Evaluating the Zoonotic Potential of Novel Viruses Discovered in Vampire Bats

Viruses, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 252 - 252

Published: Feb. 6, 2021

The contemporary surge in metagenomic sequencing has transformed knowledge of viral diversity wildlife. However, evaluating which newly discovered viruses pose sufficient risk infecting humans to merit detailed laboratory characterization and surveillance remains largely speculative. Machine learning algorithms have been developed address this imbalance by ranking the relative likelihood human infection based on genome sequences, but are not yet routinely applied at time their discovery. Here, we characterized genomes detected through feces saliva from common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) used these data as a case study zoonotic potential using molecular data. Of 58 families, including 17 infect mammals, only known zoonosis was rabies virus; however, additional were families Hepeviridae, Coronaviridae, Reoviridae, Astroviridae Picornaviridae, all contain human-infecting species. In phylogenetic analyses, novel bat most frequently grouped with other that currently humans. agreement, machine models built information ranked similarly, yielding little insight into potential. contrast, composition-based estimated different levels potential, even for closely related viruses, categorizing one out four hepeviruses two three picornaviruses having high priority further research. We highlight value beyond ad hoc consideration phylogeny provide recommendations wildlife host frequent contact domestic animals.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of Rabies in South America and Inter-Species Dynamics (2009–2018)

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 98 - 98

Published: June 9, 2021

Rabies is listed as one of the World Health Organisation's (WHO) Neglected Tropical Diseases Worldwide, with a significant impact in South America. This paper explores dynamics rabies cases humans, pets (dogs and cats), livestock wildlife (bats particular) America during period 2009-2018. The data used this study were derived from two main databases for America: OIE-WAHIS Organisation Animal (OIE) PANAFTOSA's Regional Information System Epidemiological Surveillance (SIRVERA). Being neglected disease possible underreporting some areas, reported may not always represent real burden. analysis focuses on evolution number time their spatial distribution, well source infections determined by laboratory assays antigenic variant or through epidemiological investigations. Additionally, Generalised Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) to evaluate risk factors associated occurrence human cases. Our results show that highest terms was livestock, while overall (in animals humans) progressively decreased along period. distribution showed clusters north-western (mainly Colombia) south-eastern part affected area (Brazil), third smaller cluster Peru. A dogs observed Bolivia. Out 192 period, 70% them transmitted bats. significantly wildlife. Despite decreasing case report rate, still represents major animal public health concern America, new strategies compiling systematic information, networking education are needed, training veterinary staff.

Language: Английский

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The effects of urban life on animal immunity: Adaptations and constraints

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 895, P. 165085 - 165085

Published: June 26, 2023

Land transformation, including urbanization, is a dominant form of anthropogenic change to the global environment at dawn Anthropocene epoch. More and more species are brought into direct contact with humans, being either required develop broad-scale adaptations urban or filtered out from urbanized areas. While behavioural physiological forefront biology research, there accumulating evidence for divergent pathogen pressure across urbanization gradients, requiring adjustments in host immune function. At same time, immunity may be constrained by unfavourable components an environment, such as poor-quality food resources, disturbance, pollution. Here, I reviewed existing constrains system animals, focusing on recent implementation metabarcoding, genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic approaches research. show that spatial variation non-urban landscapes highly complex context-dependent, but solid pathogen-driven immunostimulation urban-dwelling animals. also genes coding molecules directly involved interactions pathogens prime candidates immunogenetic life. Evidence emerging landscape genomics transcriptomics life have polygenic nature, traits not among key biological functions experiencing microevolutionary changes response urbanization. Finally, provided recommendations future i) better integration different 'omic' obtain complete picture non-model animal taxa, ii) quantification fitness phenotypes genotypes gradient, iii) much broader taxonomic coverage (including invertebrates) necessary draw robust conclusions how general (or taxa-specific) responses animals

Language: Английский

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Intraspecific host variation plays a key role in virus community assembly

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Nov. 5, 2020

Abstract Infection by multiple pathogens of the same host is ubiquitous in both natural and managed habitats. While intraspecific variation disease resistance known to affect pathogen occurrence, how differences among genotypes assembly communities remains untested. In our experiment using cloned replicates naive Plantago lanceolata plants as sentinels during a seasonal virus epidemic, we find non-random co-occurrence patterns five focal viruses. Using joint species distribution modelling, attribute occurrence primarily local population context. Our results show that may play large, previously unquantified role community structure.

Language: Английский

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Agricultural land use disrupts biodiversity mediation of virus infections in wild plant populations

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 230(6), P. 2447 - 2458

Published: Dec. 20, 2020

Summary Human alteration of natural habitats may change the processes governing species interactions in wild communities. Wild populations are increasingly impacted by agricultural intensification, yet it is unknown whether this alters biodiversity mediation disease dynamics. We investigated association between plant diversity (species richness, diversity) and infection risk (virus prevalence) Plantago lanceolata landscapes as well those occurring at edges cultivated fields. Altogether, 27 P. were surveyed for population characteristics sampled PCR detection five recently characterized viruses. find that richness correlated negatively with virus prevalence. Virus declined increasing while edge was moderately higher, not associated richness. This difference explained changes host these two habitats, suggesting potential pathogen spill‐over increased transmission viruses across agro‐ecological interface. Host connectivity significantly decreased conclude human use ecological laws which communities formed far reaching implications ecosystem functioning disease.

Language: Английский

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