Annals of Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 56(1)
Published: Sept. 2, 2024
Aim This review aims to summarize the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and current diagnostic therapeutic approaches for mucormycosis. The goal is improve understanding of mucormycosis promote early diagnosis treatment reduce mortality.
Language: Английский
The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(7), P. e543 - e552
Published: Jan. 25, 2022
Citations
395
Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(8), P. 1127 - 1140
Published: Aug. 2, 2022
Language: Английский
Citations
349
Drugs, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 81(15), P. 1703 - 1729
Published: Oct. 1, 2021
The epidemiology of invasive fungal infections is changing, with new populations at risk and the emergence resistance caused by selective pressure from increased usage antifungal agents in prophylaxis, empiric therapy, agriculture. Limited therapeutic options are further challenged drug–drug interactions, toxicity, constraints administration routes. Despite need for more drug options, no classes drugs have become available over last 2 decades, only one single agent a known class has been approved decade. Nevertheless, there hope on horizon, number late-stage clinical development. In this review, we describe mechanisms employed fungi extensively discuss most promising development, including fosmanogepix (a novel Gwt1 enzyme inhibitor), ibrexafungerp first-in-class triterpenoid), olorofim dihyroorotate dehydrogenase opelconazole triazole optimized inhalation), rezafungin (an echinocandin designed to be dosed once weekly). We focus mechanism action pharmacokinetics, as well spectrum activity stages also highlight potential future role these unmet needs.
Language: Английский
Citations
315
Mycopathologia, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 186(6), P. 739 - 754
Published: Aug. 19, 2021
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a concerning resurgence of mucormycosis. More than 47,000 cases mucormycosis were reported in three months from India. We update our systematic review on COVID-19-associated (CAM) till June 21st, 2021, comparing India and elsewhere. included individual patient details 275 CAM, which 233 42 the rest world. Diabetes mellitus was most common underlying risk factor for CAM other countries. fatality rate (36.5%) less globally (61.9%), probably due predominance rhino-orbital On multivariate analysis, we found that pulmonary or disseminated admission intensive care unit associated with increased mortality, while combination medical therapy improved survival. paucity suggests these either not diagnosed reported, further supported by trend search data Google engine. In this review, discuss factors explaining substantial rise CAM. also propose hypothetical model describing epidemiologic triad
Language: Английский
Citations
204
Mycoses, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 64(9), P. 1028 - 1037
Published: June 16, 2021
Reports are increasing on the emergence of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) globally, driven particularly by low- and middle-income countries. The recent unprecedented surge CAM in India has drawn worldwide attention. More than 28,252 cases counted is first country where been declared a notifiable disease. However, misconception management, diagnosing treating this infection continue to occur. Thus, European Confederation Medical Mycology (ECMM) International Society for Human Animal (ISHAM) felt need address clinical management This article provides comprehensive document help clinicians managing infection. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus inappropriate (high dose or not indicated) corticosteroid use major predisposing factors surge. High counts Mucorales spores both indoor outdoor environments, immunosuppressive impact COVID-19 patients as well immunotherapy possible additional factors. Furthermore, hyperglycaemic state leads an increased expression glucose regulated protein (GRP- 78) endothelial cells that may entry into tissues. Rhino-orbital most common presentation followed pulmonary mucormycosis. Recommendations focused early suspicion disease confirmation diagnosis. Regarding glycaemic control, elimination therapy, extensive surgical debridement antifungal therapy standards proper care. Due limited availability amphotericin B formulations during present epidemic, alternative therapies also discussed.
Language: Английский
Citations
180
PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. e0009921 - e0009921
Published: Nov. 18, 2021
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), during the second wave in early 2021, has caused devastating chaos India. As daily infection rates rise alarmingly, number of severe cases increased dramatically. The country encountered health infrastructure inadequacy and excessive demand for hospital beds, drugs, vaccines, oxygen. Adding more burden to such a challenging situation, mucormycosis, an invasive fungal infection, seen sudden surge patients with COVID-19. rhino-orbital-cerebral form is most common type observed. In particular, approximately three-fourths them had diabetes as predisposing comorbidity received corticosteroids treat Possible mechanisms may involve immune inflammatory processes. Diabetes, when coupled COVID-19–induced systemic change, tends cause decreased immunity risk secondary infections. Since comprehensive data on this fatal opportunistic are evolving against backdrop major pandemic, prevention strategies primarily managing comorbid conditions high-risk groups. recommended treatment included surgical debridement antifungal therapy using Amphotericin B selected azoles. Several India-centric clinical guidelines have emerged rightly diagnose characterise presentation, understand pathogenesis involved, track disease course. Code Mucor one, which proposes simple but reliable staging system form. A recently been proposed, dedicated registry started. critical review, we extensively analyse recent evidence guidance COVID-19–associated mucormycosis
Language: Английский
Citations
107
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(6), P. 722 - 731
Published: March 13, 2023
Language: Английский
Citations
65
Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 8 - 19
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Abstract We performed a case–control study across 25 hospitals in India for the period of January–June 2021 to evaluate reasons an COVID-19–associated mucormycosis (CAM) outbreak. investigated whether COVID-19 treatment practices (glucocorticoids, zinc, tocilizumab, and others) were associated with CAM. included 1,733 cases CAM 3,911 age-matched controls. found cumulative glucocorticoid dose (odds ratio [OR] 1.006, 95% CI 1.004–1.007) zinc supplementation (OR 2.76, 2.24–3.40), along elevated C-reactive protein 1.004, 1.002–1.006), host factors (renal transplantation [OR 7.58, 3.31–17.40], diabetes mellitus 6.72, 5.45–8.28], diabetic ketoacidosis during 4.41, 2.03–9.60]), rural residence 2.88, 2.12–3.79), significantly Mortality rate at 12 weeks was 32.2% (473/1,471). emphasize judicious use therapies optimal glycemic control prevent
Language: Английский
Citations
47
Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(11), P. 921 - 921
Published: Oct. 29, 2021
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) can complicate the clinical course of COVID-19 and are associated with a significant increase in mortality, especially critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). This narrative review concerns 4099 cases IFIs 58,784 involved 168 studies. COVID-19-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is diagnostic challenge because its non-specific clinical/imaging features fact that proposed clinically algorithms do not really apply patients. Forty-seven observational studies 41 case reports have described total 478 CAPA were mainly diagnosed on basis cultured respiratory specimens and/or biomarkers/molecular biology, usually without histopathological confirmation. Candidemia widely secondary infection undergoing prolonged hospitalisation, 401 indicate high crude mortality rates 56.1% 74.8%, respectively. often characterised by presence known risk factors for candidemia such as in-dwelling vascular catheters, mechanical ventilation, broad-spectrum antibiotics. We also describe 3185 mucormycosis (including 1549 rhino-orbital (48.6%)), which main factor history poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (>76%). Its diagnosis involves examination tissue biopsies, treatment requires anti-fungal therapy combined aggressive surgical resection/debridement, but again high: 50.8% 16% The other severely immunocompromised show SARS-CoV-2 capable stunning host immune system: 20 Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, 5 cryptococcosis, 4 histoplasmosis, 1 coccidioides infection, due Fusarium spp., Scedosporium.
Language: Английский
Citations
82
The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(9), P. e240 - e253
Published: April 4, 2022
Language: Английский
Citations
68