COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis: An updated systematic review of literature

Mycoses, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 64(12), P. 1452 - 1459

Published: June 16, 2021

In its wake, the COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in a surge number of cases mucormycosis. Most are temporally linked to COVID-19; hence, entity is described as COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM). The present systematic review was undertaken provide an up-to-date summary hitherto available literature on CAM. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched using appropriate keywords till 14 May 2021, identify case reports/case series pertaining patients with COVID-19. Relevant data extracted included demographic characteristics, comorbidity profile, clinical category mucormycosis, glucocorticoid use, treatment offered patient outcome. We identified 30 series, pooling retrieved from 99 reported India (72%). majority male (78%) had diabetes mellitus (85%). A prior history 37% developing after initial recovery. median time interval between diagnosis first evidence infection or CAM 15 days. Glucocorticoid use 85% cases. Rhino-orbital most common (42%), followed by rhino-orbito-cerebral (24%). Pulmonary observed 10 (10%). mortality rate 34%; adjunct surgery, which 81% patients, associated better outcomes (p < .001). conclusion, emerging problem necessitating increased vigilance even those who have recovered. portends poor prognosis warrants early treatment.

Language: Английский

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Prevalence and Healthcare Burden of Fungal Infections in the United States, 2018

Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Fungal infections are responsible for >1.5 million deaths globally per year, primarily in those with compromised immune function. This is concerning as the number of immunocompromised patients, especially without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has risen past decade. The purpose this analysis was to provide current prevalence and impact fungal disease United States.We analyzed hospital discharge data from most recent (2018) Healthcare Cost Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample, outpatient visit Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Hospital Survey. Costs presented 2018 States (US) dollars.In 35.5 inpatient visits documented US, approximately 666 235 were diagnosed, an estimated attributable cost $6.7 billion. Aspergillus, Pneumocystis, Candida accounted 76.3% 81.1% associated costs. Most occurred patients elevated risk infection. costs, lengths stay, risks mortality population more than twice that diagnoses. A further 6.6 diagnosed during visits.Fungal a serious clinical concern substantial healthcare costs significant increases morbidity mortality, particularly among predisposed patients. Increased surveillance, standardized treatment guidelines, improvement diagnostics therapeutics needed support rising numbers at-risk

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of Serum Mucorales Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the Diagnosis of Mucormycoses: The MODIMUCOR Prospective Trial

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 75(5), P. 777 - 785

Published: Jan. 3, 2022

Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of specific antifungal treatment are essential for improving the prognosis mucormycosis. We aimed to assess performance serum Mucorales quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) early follow-up mucormycosis.We prospectively enrolled 232 patients with suspicion invasive mold disease, evaluated using standard imaging mycological procedures. Thirteen additional proven or probable mucormycosis were included analyze DNA load kinetics. Serum samples collected twice-a-week qPCR tests targeting genera Lichtheimia, Rhizomucor, Mucor/Rhizopus.The sensitivity was 85.2%, specificity 89.8%, positive negative likelihood ratios 8.3 0.17, respectively in this prospective study. The first qPCR-positive observed a median 4 days (interquartile range [IQR], 0-9) before sampling histological specimen one day (IQR, -2 6) performed. Negativity within seven after liposomal-amphotericin B associated an 85% lower 30-day mortality rate (adjusted hazard ratio = 0·15, 95% confidence interval [.03-.73], P .02).Our study argues inclusion detection circulating initiation. Positive results should be added criteria consensual definitions from European Organization Research Treatment Cancer/Mycoses Study Group Education Consortium (EORTC/MSGERC), as already done Aspergillus PCR.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19–associated mucormycosis: Evidence-based critical review of an emerging infection burden during the pandemic’s second wave in India

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. e0009921 - e0009921

Published: Nov. 18, 2021

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), during the second wave in early 2021, has caused devastating chaos India. As daily infection rates rise alarmingly, number of severe cases increased dramatically. The country encountered health infrastructure inadequacy and excessive demand for hospital beds, drugs, vaccines, oxygen. Adding more burden to such a challenging situation, mucormycosis, an invasive fungal infection, seen sudden surge patients with COVID-19. rhino-orbital-cerebral form is most common type observed. In particular, approximately three-fourths them had diabetes as predisposing comorbidity received corticosteroids treat Possible mechanisms may involve immune inflammatory processes. Diabetes, when coupled COVID-19–induced systemic change, tends cause decreased immunity risk secondary infections. Since comprehensive data on this fatal opportunistic are evolving against backdrop major pandemic, prevention strategies primarily managing comorbid conditions high-risk groups. recommended treatment included surgical debridement antifungal therapy using Amphotericin B selected azoles. Several India-centric clinical guidelines have emerged rightly diagnose characterise presentation, understand pathogenesis involved, track disease course. Code Mucor one, which proposes simple but reliable staging system form. A recently been proposed, dedicated registry started. critical review, we extensively analyse recent evidence guidance COVID-19–associated mucormycosis

Language: Английский

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COVID-19-associated mucormycosis: Case report and systematic review

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 44, P. 102148 - 102148

Published: Aug. 25, 2021

Language: Английский

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Diabetes and COVID-19: Short- and Long-Term Consequences

Hormone and Metabolic Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 54(08), P. 503 - 509

Published: June 20, 2022

Abstract When the corona pandemic commenced more than two years ago, it was quickly recognized that people with metabolic diseases show an augmented risk of severe COVID-19 and increased mortality compared to without these comorbidities. Furthermore, infection SARS-CoV-2 has been shown lead aggravation in single cases new-onset disorders. In addition for diabetes acute phase COVID-19, this patient group also seems be often affected by long-COVID experience long-term consequences diabetes. The mechanisms behind discrepancies between relation are not completely understood yet will require further research follow-up studies during following years. current review, we discuss why patients have higher developing symptoms only disease but long-COVID, vaccine breakthrough infections re-infections. effects lockdown on glycemic control.

Language: Английский

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Increased Deaths From Fungal Infections During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic—National Vital Statistics System, United States, January 2020–December 2021

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 76(3), P. e255 - e262

Published: June 19, 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated fungal infections cause severe illness, but comprehensive data on burden are lacking. We analyzed US National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) to characterize burden, temporal trends, and demographic characteristics of persons dying during the COVID-19 pandemic.Using NVSS's January 2018-December 2021 Multiple Cause Death Database, we examined numbers age-adjusted rates (per 100 000 population) deaths due infection by pathogen, association, characteristics, year.Numbers increased from (n = 4833; rate, 1.2 [95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.3]) 7199; 1.8 [1.8-1.8] per 000); 13 121 such 2020-2021, 2868 (21.9%) were associated. Compared with non-COVID-19-associated 10 253), COVID-19-associated more frequently involved Candida 776 [27.1%] vs n 2432 [23.7%], respectively) Aspergillus 668 [23.3%] 1486 [14.5%]) less other specific pathogens. Rates death generally highest in nonwhite non-Asian populations. approximately 2 times higher Pacific census division compared most divisions.Deaths 2020-2021 previous years, primarily driven deaths, particularly those involving Candida. Our findings may inform efforts prevent, identify, treat patients COVID-19, especially certain racial/ethnic groups geographic areas.

Language: Английский

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Mucormycosis and COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical and diagnostic approach

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 466 - 479

Published: Feb. 18, 2022

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is yet to be controlled worldwide, especially in India. second wave of disease 2019 (COVID-19) led panic and confusion India, owing the overwhelming number population that fell prey this highly infectious virus recent times. In COVID-19, patients had fight both opportunistic infections triggered fungi bacteria. Repeated use steroids, antibiotics, oxygen masks during management severely critically ill COVID-19 nurtured such as mucormycosis. Despite mucormycosis being a decades-old disease, it has gained notice its widespread occurrence throughout Instances are usually unearthed immunocompromised individuals inhalation filamentous fungi, either from natural environment or through supportive care units. outbreak been seen cause secondary infection grows along with treatment COVID-19. Furthermore, comorbidities diabetes were more likely have co-infection because their challenged immune systems' inability it. hype, still remains neglected least studied, which predominantly due all focus on diagnostics, vaccine, therapeutic research. review, we emphasize mainly association patients. We also present molecular mechanism for better understanding fungal who recently infected SARS-CoV-2. Better pathogens, immediate diagnosis, crucial patients, high mortalities recorded co-infected despite recovery

Language: Английский

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Results from a national survey on COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis in Germany: 13 patients from six tertiary hospitals

Mycoses, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 65(1), P. 103 - 109

Published: Oct. 20, 2021

Most COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) cases are reported from India and neighbouring countries. Anecdotally Europe have been presented.To estimate the disease burden describe clinical presentation of CAM in Germany.We identified through German mycology networks scientific societies, collected anonymised information via FungiScope®.We 13 six tertiary referral hospitals diagnosed between March 2020 June 2021. Twelve patients had severe or critical COVID-19, eleven were mechanically ventilated for a median 8 days (range 1-27 days) before diagnosis CAM. Eleven received systemic corticosteroids. Additional underlying medical conditions all but one patient, five immunocompromised because malignancy organ transplantation, three diabetic. developed pneumonia. Mortality was 53.8% with time to death 9 0-214 despite treatment liposomal amphotericin B and/or isavuconazole 10 cases. prevalence amongst hospitalised COVID-19 overall (0.67% 0.58% two centres) those admitted intensive care unit (ICU) (1.47%, 1.78% 0.15% significantly higher compared non-COVID-19 (P < .001 respective comparisons).COVID-19-associated is rare Germany, mostly comorbidities impaired immune system treated ICU high mortality mainly rhino-orbito-cerebral mild India. Risk than other patients.

Language: Английский

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Root Causes of Fungal Coinfections in COVID-19 Infected Patients

Infectious Disease Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 1018 - 1035

Published: Dec. 4, 2021

COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has infected over 200 million people, causing 4 deaths. infection been shown to lead hypoxia, immunosuppression, host iron depletion, hyperglycemia secondary diabetes mellitus, as well prolonged hospitalizations. These clinical manifestations provide favorable conditions for opportunistic fungal pathogens infect hosts with COVID-19. Interventions such treatment corticosteroids mechanical ventilation may further predispose patients acquiring coinfections. Our literature review found that coinfections in were most commonly Aspergillus, Candida species, Cryptococcus neoformans, fungi of the Mucorales order. The distribution these infections, particularly Mucormycosis, was be markedly skewed towards low- middle-income countries. purpose this identify possible explanations increase seen so physicians healthcare providers can conscious factors order more patient outcomes. After identifying risk coinfections, measures should taken minimize dosage duration drugs corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, antibiotics.

Language: Английский

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