Climate-driven risks to the climate mitigation potential of forests

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 368(6497)

Published: June 18, 2020

Risks to mitigation potential of forests Much recent attention has focused on the trees and mitigate ongoing climate change by acting as sinks for carbon. Anderegg et al. review growing evidence that forests' is increasingly at risk from a range adversities limit forest growth health. These include physical factors such drought fire biotic factors, including depredations insect herbivores fungal pathogens. Full assessment quantification these risks, which themselves are influenced climate, key achieving science-based policy outcomes effective land management. Science , this issue p. eaaz7005

Language: Английский

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Integrating the evidence for a terrestrial carbon sink caused by increasing atmospheric CO₂

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 229(5), P. 2413 - 2445

Published: Aug. 13, 2020

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2 ]) is increasing, which increases leaf-scale photosynthesis and intrinsic water-use efficiency. These direct responses have the potential to increase plant growth, vegetation biomass, soil organic matter; transferring from atmosphere into terrestrial ecosystems (a sink). A substantial global sink would slow rate of [CO2 ] thus climate change. However, ecosystem CO2 are complex or confounded by concurrent changes in multiple agents change evidence for a ]-driven can appear contradictory. Here we synthesize theory broad, multidisciplinary effects increasing (iCO2 ) on sink. Evidence suggests since pre-industrial times. Established theory, supported experiments, indicates that iCO2 likely responsible about half increase. Global budgeting, atmospheric data, forest inventories indicate historical sink, these apparent high comparison experiments predictions theory. Plant mortality highly uncertain. In conclusion, range supports positive response , albeit with uncertain magnitude strong suggestion role additional

Language: Английский

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Challenges for drought assessment in the Mediterranean region under future climate scenarios

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 210, P. 103348 - 103348

Published: Sept. 6, 2020

Language: Английский

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Permafrost carbon emissions in a changing Arctic

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 55 - 67

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Language: Английский

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Foliar functional traits from imaging spectroscopy across biomes in eastern North America

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 228(2), P. 494 - 511

Published: May 28, 2020

Summary Foliar functional traits are widely used to characterize leaf and canopy properties that drive ecosystem processes infer physiological in Earth system models. Imaging spectroscopy provides great potential map foliar continuous variation diversity, but few studies have demonstrated consistent methods for mapping multiple across biomes. With airborne imaging data field from 19 sites, we developed trait models using partial least squares regression, mapped 26 seven NEON (National Ecological Observatory Network) ecoregions (domains) including temperate subtropical forests grasslands of eastern North America. Model validation accuracy varied among (normalized root mean squared error, 9.1–19.4%; coefficient determination, 0.28–0.82), with phenolic concentration, mass per area equivalent water thickness performing best domains. Across all maps, 90% vegetated pixels had reasonable values one trait, 28–81% provided high confidence concurrently. Maps their uncertainties US sites available download, being expanded the western United States tundra/boreal zone. These enable better understanding variations relationships over large areas, calibration models, assessment continental‐scale diversity.

Language: Английский

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Addressing data integration challenges to link ecological processes across scales

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 30 - 38

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Data integration is a statistical modeling approach that incorporates multiple data sources within unified analytical framework. Macrosystems ecology – the study of ecological phenomena at broad scales, including interactions across scales increasingly employs techniques to expand spatiotemporal scope research and inferences, increase precision parameter estimates, account for uncertainty in estimates multiscale processes. We highlight four common challenges macrosystems research: scale mismatches, unbalanced data, sampling biases, model development assessment. explain each problem, discuss current approaches address issue, describe potential areas overcome these hurdles. Use has increased rapidly recent years, given inferential value such approaches, we expect continued wider application disciplines, especially ecology.

Language: Английский

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Evidence and attribution of the enhanced land carbon sink

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(8), P. 518 - 534

Published: July 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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Informing Nature‐based Climate Solutions for the United States with the best‐available science

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(12), P. 3778 - 3794

Published: March 7, 2022

Nature-based Climate Solutions (NbCS) are managed alterations to ecosystems designed increase carbon sequestration or reduce greenhouse gas emissions. While they have growing public and private support, the realizable benefits unintended consequences of NbCS not well understood. At regional scales where policy decisions often made, estimated from soil tree survey data that can miss important sources sinks within an ecosystem, do reveal biophysical impacts for local water energy cycles. The only direct observations ecosystem-scale fluxes, example, by eddy covariance flux towers, yet been systematically assessed what tell us about potentials, state-of-the-art remote sensing products land-surface models being widely used inform policymaking implementation. As a result, there is critical mismatch between point- tree-scale most assess impacts, ecosystem landscape projects implemented, continental relevant policymaking. Here, we propose research agenda confront these gaps using tools long understand mechanisms driving cycling, but applied NbCS. We outline steps creating robust assessments at both informed observations, which consider concurrent future climate feedbacks, need equitable inclusive implementation strategies. contend goals largely be accomplished shifting pre-existing blended together, although also highlight some opportunities more radical shifts in approach.

Language: Английский

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Unravelling the relationship between plant diversity and vegetation structural complexity: A review and theoretical framework

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 111(7), P. 1378 - 1395

Published: Jan. 20, 2023

Abstract Vegetation structural complexity (VSC)—the three‐dimensional distribution of plants within an ecosystem—is important ecological trait. To date, research has focused primarily on the effects VSC patterns and processes, but comparatively little is known about what drives variation in VSC. Recent advances active remote sensing technology, particularly light detection ranging radio ranging, have allowed measurement at unprecedented spatial scales resolutions. Out this earlier work emerged evidence that typically associated with greater ecosystem functioning (especially microclimate regulation, productivity, faunal diversity habitat provisioning), making restoration vegetation a potentially powerful tool. studies across natural experimental gradients plant also revealed more diverse communities tend to be structurally complex. However, shape generality relationship—and mechanism(s) by which phytodiversity might contribute complexity—remain poorly understood. Here, we review how facilitated recent shaped our understanding relationship between function. We then present theoretical framework for based classic biodiversity‐ecosystem principles. Finally, evaluate notion assemblages complex explore using data from 13 studies. Synthesis . The appears almost universally positive. Preliminary further suggests most common relationships are linear or saturating, indicating extent functional redundancy species varies ecosystems. In contrast, find exponential negative VSC, suggesting even modest increases could markedly increase complexity. Additional investigations phytodiversity‐VSC necessary establish whether observed positive causal (and, if so, direction) clarify potential impact community broader

Language: Английский

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From remotely‐sensed solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence to ecosystem structure, function, and service: Part II—Harnessing data

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(11), P. 2893 - 2925

Published: Feb. 18, 2023

Abstract Although our observing capabilities of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) have been growing rapidly, the quality and consistency SIF datasets are still in an active stage research development. As a result, there considerable inconsistencies among diverse at all scales widespread applications them led to contradictory findings. The present review is second two companion reviews, data oriented. It aims (1) synthesize variety, scale, uncertainty existing datasets, (2) sector ecology, agriculture, hydrology, climate, socioeconomics, (3) clarify how such inconsistency superimposed with theoretical complexities laid out (Sun et al., 2023) may impact process interpretation various contribute inconsistent We emphasize that accurate functional relationships between other ecological indicators contingent upon complete understanding uncertainty. Biases uncertainties observations can significantly confound their respond environmental variations. Built syntheses, we summarize gaps current observations. Further, offer perspectives on innovations needed help improve informing ecosystem structure, function, service under climate change, including enhancing in‐situ capability especially “data desert” regions, improving cross‐instrument standardization network coordination, advancing by fully harnessing theory data.

Language: Английский

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