Phosphorus Acquisition and Utilization in Plants

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 73(1), P. 17 - 42

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Tremendous progress has been made on molecular aspects of plant phosphorus (P) nutrition, often without heeding information provided by soil scientists, ecophysiologists, and crop physiologists. This review suggests ways to integrate from different disciplines. When P availability is very low, P-mobilizing strategies are more effective than mycorrhizal strategies. Soil parameters largely determine how much roots can acquire P-impoverished soil, kinetic properties transporters less important. Changes in the expression avoid toxicity. Plants vary widely photosynthetic P-use efficiency, photosynthesis per unit leaf P. The challenge discover what trade-offs patterns investment fractions. Less may save P, but costs incurred? Are these acceptable for crops? These questions be resolved only concerted action scientists working at both physiological levels, rather pursuing problems independently.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of woody-plant mortality under rising drought, CO2 and vapour pressure deficit

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(5), P. 294 - 308

Published: March 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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Extreme heat increases stomatal conductance and drought‐induced mortality risk in vulnerable plant species

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 1133 - 1146

Published: Nov. 6, 2021

Tree mortality during global-change-type drought is usually attributed to xylem dysfunction, but as climate change increases the frequency of extreme heat events, it necessary better understand interactive role stress. We hypothesized that some drought-stressed plants paradoxically open stomata in heatwaves prevent leaves from critically overheating. experimentally imposed (>40°C) and stress onto 20 broadleaf evergreen tree/shrub species a glasshouse study. Most well-watered avoided lethal overheating, exacerbated thermal damage heatwaves. Thermal safety margins (TSM) quantifying difference between leaf surface temperature critical temperature, where photosynthesis disrupted, identified vulnerability Several mechanisms contributed high tolerance avoidance damaging temperatures-small size, low osmotic potential, mass per area (i.e., thick, dense leaves), transpirational capacity, access water. Water-stressed had smaller TSM, greater crown dieback, fundamentally different stomatal heatwave response relative plants. On average, closed decreased conductance (gs ) heatwave, droughted did not. Plant with gs , either due isohydric behavior under water deficit or inherently opened increased temperatures. The current paradigm maintains close before hydraulic thresholds are surpassed, our results suggest may dramatically increase (over sixfold increases) even past their turgor loss point. By actively increasing at temperatures, can be driven toward more rapidly than has been previously recognized. inclusion TSM responses could improve ability predict tree future droughts.

Language: Английский

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Limits to post‐fire vegetation recovery under climate change

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 44(11), P. 3471 - 3489

Published: Aug. 28, 2021

Abstract Record‐breaking fire seasons in many regions across the globe raise important questions about plant community responses to shifting regimes (i.e., changing frequency, severity and seasonality). Here, we examine impacts of climate‐driven shifts on vegetation communities, likely coinciding with severe drought, heatwaves and/or insect outbreaks. We present scenario‐based conceptual models how overlapping disturbance events interact differently limit post‐fire resprouting recruitment capacity. demonstrate that, although communities will remain resilient short‐term, longer‐term changes structure, demography species composition are likely, a range subsequent effects ecosystem function. Resprouting be most regimes. However, even these susceptible if exposed repeated short‐interval combination other stressors. Post‐fire is highly vulnerable increased particularly as climatic limitations propagule availability intensify. Prediction under climate change greatly improved by addressing knowledge gaps disturbances change‐induced regime affect resprouting, recruitment, growth rates, species‐level adaptation

Language: Английский

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Prediction and projection of heatwaves

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 36 - 50

Published: Dec. 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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Compound climate events increase tree drought mortality across European forests

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 816, P. 151604 - 151604

Published: Nov. 12, 2021

Climate change can lead to the simultaneous occurrence of extreme droughts and heat waves increasing frequency compound events with unknown impacts on forests. Here we use two independent datasets, a compiled database tree drought mortality ICP-Forest level I plots, study hot summers, elevated vapour pressure deficit (VPD), dry years forest defoliation across Europe. We focused background rates, studied their co-occurrence summers years. In total, 143 out 310 Europe, i.e. 46% cases, corresponded rare characterized by Over past decades, summer temperature increased in most sites severe resulted not observed before 1980s. From plots identified 291 (1718 trees) 61 (128 where mortality, respectively, were caused drought. The analyses these showed that 34% 27% cases climate events, respectively. Background rates Europe period 1993-2013 presented higher values regions VPD more steeply rose, increased. steady increase temperatures Southern Eastern may favor conditions. Giving both, local intense are linked such expect an European over next decades.

Language: Английский

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Increased Global Vegetation Productivity Despite Rising Atmospheric Dryness Over the Last Two Decades

Earth s Future, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(7)

Published: June 20, 2022

Rising atmospheric dryness [vapor pressure deficit (VPD)] can limit photosynthesis and thus reduce vegetation productivity. Meanwhile, plants benefit from global warming the fertilization effect of carbon dioxide (CO2). There are growing interests to study climate change impacts on terrestrial vegetation. However, productivity responses recent CO2 trends remain be fully understood. Here, we provide a comprehensive evaluation relative VPD, temperature, concentration over last two decades using robust ensemble solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) gross primary (GPP) data. We document significant increase in with rising this period. For SIF (or GPP), decrease due VPD was comparable but far less than elevated concentration. found that counteracted only small proportion (approximately 8.1%–15.0%) CO2-induced GPP). Despite sharp rise imposing negative impact plants, effects contributed persistent widespread majority 66.5%–72.2%) globally vegetated areas. Overall, our findings quantitative attribution under concurrent increasing.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of different machine learning algorithms for predicting maize grain yield using UAV-based hyperspectral images

International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 124, P. 103528 - 103528

Published: Oct. 21, 2023

Timely and accurately predicting maize grain yields will contribute to making adaptive measures improve management practice adjust consumption patterns for ensuring food security. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are widely used obtain high-temporal high-spatial resolution remote sensing images of crops, enabling a possible sensor performance comparison. To date, few studies have compared the potential abilities multispectral-based hyperspectral-based images, only sensitive spectral wavelength full hyperspectral spectra, various machine learning approaches in estimating physiological characteristics such as chlorophyll meter values, leaf area index (LAI), agricultural high vegetation coverage. In this study, multispectral with ground measurement crop traits were collected on 13 22 September 2021 Nanpi experimental station, CangZhou, China. The ability retrieving LAI, explored using formed two-band (2D) indices (VIs) 2D textural (TIs). wavelengths confirmed correlation analyses, then VIs spectra also yield five commonly applied deep convolutional neural network (CNN). results indicated narrow bands remained than adoption significantly improved accuracy predictions adopting built sensitivity wavelength. Based selected VIs, random forest regression (RF) LightGBM achieved highest accuracy, R2 (RMSE) 0.90 (0.55 t/ha), 0.85 (0.59 respectively. While based RF CNN150 performed best, being 0.92 (0.53 0.91 This research concluded integration combination highly recommended yields, especially crops

Language: Английский

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Mortality impacts of the most extreme heat events

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Language: Английский

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Enhancing crop diversity for food security in the face of climate uncertainty

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(2), P. 402 - 414

Published: Dec. 9, 2021

Global agriculture is dominated by a handful of species that currently supply huge proportion our food and feed. It additionally faces the massive challenge providing for 10 billion people 2050, despite increasing environmental deterioration. One way to better plan production in face current continuing climate change understand how domestication these crops included their adaptation environments were highly distinct from those centre origin. There are many prominent examples this, including development temperate Zea mays (maize) alteration day-length requirements Solanum tuberosum (potato). Despite pre-eminence some 15 crops, more than 50 000 edible, with 7000 considered semi-cultivated. Opportunities afforded next-generation sequencing technologies alongside other methods, metabolomics high-throughput phenotyping, starting contribute characterization species. Moreover, first de novo have appeared, whereby key target genes modified wild order confer predictable traits agronomic value. Here, we review scale challenge, drawing extensively on past suggest informed strategies upon which breeding future climate-resilient can be based.

Language: Английский

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