Mechanisms of forest resilience

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 512, P. 120129 - 120129

Published: March 25, 2022

Language: Английский

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Influences of wildfire on the forest ecosystem and climate change: A comprehensive study

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 240, P. 117537 - 117537

Published: Oct. 30, 2023

Language: Английский

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State of Wildfires 2023–2024

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 3601 - 3685

Published: Aug. 13, 2024

Abstract. Climate change contributes to the increased frequency and intensity of wildfires globally, with significant impacts on society environment. However, our understanding global distribution extreme fires remains skewed, primarily influenced by media coverage regionalised research efforts. This inaugural State Wildfires report systematically analyses fire activity worldwide, identifying events from March 2023–February 2024 season. We assess causes, predictability, attribution these climate land use forecast future risks under different scenarios. During 2023–2024 season, 3.9×106 km2 burned slightly below average previous seasons, but carbon (C) emissions were 16 % above average, totalling 2.4 Pg C. Global C record in Canadian boreal forests (over 9 times average) reduced low African savannahs. Notable included record-breaking extent Canada, largest recorded wildfire European Union (Greece), drought-driven western Amazonia northern parts South America, deadly Hawaii (100 deaths) Chile (131 deaths). Over 232 000 people evacuated Canada alone, highlighting severity human impact. Our revealed that multiple drivers needed cause areas activity. In Greece, a combination high weather an abundance dry fuels probability fires, whereas area anomalies weaker regions lower fuel loads higher direct suppression, particularly Canada. Fire prediction showed mild anomalous signal 1 2 months advance, Greece had shorter predictability horizons. Attribution indicated modelled up 40 %, 18 50 due during respectively. Meanwhile, seasons magnitudes has significantly anthropogenic change, 2.9–3.6-fold increase likelihood 20.0–28.5-fold Amazonia. By end century, similar magnitude 2023 are projected occur 6.3–10.8 more frequently medium–high emission scenario (SSP370). represents first annual effort catalogue events, explain their occurrence, predict risks. consolidating state-of-the-art science delivering key insights relevant policymakers, disaster management services, firefighting agencies, managers, we aim enhance society's resilience promote advances preparedness, mitigation, adaptation. New datasets presented this work available https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11400539 (Jones et al., 2024) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11420742 (Kelley 2024a).

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity impacts of the 2019–2020 Australian megafires

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 635(8040), P. 898 - 905

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

With large wildfires becoming more frequent1,2, we must rapidly learn how megafires impact biodiversity to prioritize mitigation and improve policy. A key challenge is discover interactions among fire-regime components, drought land tenure shape wildfire impacts. The globally unprecedented3,4 2019–2020 Australian burnt than 10 million hectares5, prompting major investment in monitoring. Collated data include responses of 2,000 taxa, providing an unparalleled opportunity quantify affect biodiversity. We reveal that the largest effects on plants animals were areas with frequent or recent past fires within extensively areas. Areas at high severity, outside protected under extreme also had larger effects. included declines increases after fire, rainforests by mammals. Our results implicate species interactions, dispersal extent situ survival as mechanisms underlying fire responses. Building resilience into these ecosystems depends reducing recurrence, including rapid suppression frequently burnt. Defending wet ecosystems, expanding considering localized could contribute. While countermeasures can help mitigate impacts megafires, reversing anthropogenic climate change remains urgent broad-scale solution. Data collected from taxa provide biodiversity, revealing

Language: Английский

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Global plant responses to intensified fire regimes

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 33(8)

Published: May 15, 2024

Abstract Aim Global change factors, such as warming, heatwaves, droughts and land‐use changes, are intensifying fire regimes (defined here increasing frequency or severity of fires) in many ecosystems worldwide. A large body local‐scale research has shown that intensified can greatly impact on ecosystem structure function through altering plant communities. Here, we aim to find general patterns responses across climates, habitats at the global scale. Location Worldwide. Time period Studies published 1962–2023. Major taxa studied Woody plants, herbs bryophytes. Methods We carried out a systematic review meta‐analysis response abundance, diversity fitness increased severity. To assess context dependency those responses, tested effect following variables: regime component (fire severity), time since last fire, type (wildfire prescribed fire), historical (surface crown life form (woody plant, herb bryophyte), habitat climate. Results Intensified reduced overall abundance (Hedges' d = −0.24), ( −0.27), −0.69). Generally, adverse effects plants were stronger due than frequency, wildfires compared fires, shorter times fire. Adverse also for woody herbs, conifer mixed forests open (e.g. grasslands shrublands). Main conclusions substantially alter communities Plant influenced by specific is changing biotic abiotic conditions.

Language: Английский

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What Do the Australian Black Summer Fires Signify for the Global Fire Crisis?

Fire, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 97 - 97

Published: Dec. 17, 2021

The 2019–20 Australian fire season was heralded as emblematic of the catastrophic harm wrought by climate change. Similarly extreme wildfire seasons have occurred across globe in recent years. Here, we apply a pyrogeographic lens to fires examine range causes, impacts and responses. We find that extensive area burnt due climatic circumstances. However, antecedent hazard reduction burns (prescribed with aim reducing fuel loads) were effective severity house loss, but their effectiveness declined under weather conditions. Impacts disproportionately borne socially disadvantaged regional communities. Urban populations also impacted through prolonged smoke exposure. produced large carbon emissions, fire-sensitive ecosystems exposed areas risk biodiversity decline being too frequently future. argue rate change delivered is outstripping capacity our ecological social systems adapt. A multi-lateral approach required mitigate future risk, an emphasis on vulnerability people reinvigoration community-level for targeted actions complement mainstream management capacity.

Language: Английский

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Climate change-associated multifactorial stress combination: A present challenge for our ecosystems

Journal of Plant Physiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 276, P. 153764 - 153764

Published: July 7, 2022

Humans negatively influence Earth ecosystems and biodiversity causing global warming, climate change as well man-made pollution. Recently, the number of different stress factors have increased, when impacting simultaneously, multiple conditions cause dramatic declines in plant ecosystem health. Although much is known about how plants are affected by each individual stress, recent research efforts diverted into these biological systems respond to several applied together. Studies such "multifactorial combination" concept reported a severe decrease survival microbiome along increasing consistent directional trend. In addition, results concert with studies microbiota natural imposed change. Therefore, all this evidence should serve an important warning order pollutants, create strategies deal increase tolerance stressful combination. Here we review focused on impact abiotic stresses plants, agrosystems including forests microecosystems. mitigate discussed.

Language: Английский

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Biogeographic variability in wildfire severity and post-fire vegetation recovery across the European forests via remote sensing-derived spectral metrics

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 823, P. 153807 - 153807

Published: Feb. 9, 2022

Language: Английский

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Integrating plant physiology into simulation of fire behavior and effects

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 238(3), P. 952 - 970

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Wildfires are a global crisis, but current fire models fail to capture vegetation response changing climate. With drought and elevated temperature increasing the importance of dynamics behavior, advent next generation capable capturing increasingly complex physical processes, we provide renewed focus on representation woody in models. Currently, most advanced representations behavior biophysical effects found distinct classes fine-scale do not variation live fuel (i.e. living plant) properties. We demonstrate that plant water carbon dynamics, which influence combustion heat transfer into often dictate survival, mechanistic linkage between effects. Our conceptual framework linking remotely sensed estimates could be critical first step toward improving fidelity coarse scale now relied upon for forecasting. This process-based approach will essential physiological responses warming conditions, strengthening science needed guide managers an uncertain future.

Language: Английский

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Plant hydraulics at the heart of plant, crops and ecosystem functions in the face of climate change

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 241(3), P. 984 - 999

Published: Dec. 14, 2023

Summary Plant hydraulics is crucial for assessing the plants' capacity to extract and transport water from soil up their aerial organs. Along with exchange between plant compartments regulate evaporation, hydraulic properties determine relations, status susceptibility pathogen attacks. Consequently, any variation in characteristics of plants likely significantly impact various mechanisms processes related growth, survival production, as well risk biotic attacks forest fire behaviour. However, integration traits into disciplines such pathology, entomology, ecology or agriculture can be improved. This review examines how provide new insights our understanding these processes, including modelling vegetation dynamics, illuminating numerous perspectives consequences climate change on agronomic systems, addressing unanswered questions across multiple areas knowledge.

Language: Английский

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