Challenges and burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: a narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 12, 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is profoundly affecting life around the globe. Isolation, contact restrictions and economic shutdown impose a complete change to psychosocial environment in affected countries. These measures have potential threaten mental health of children adolescents significantly. Even though current crisis can bring with it opportunities for personal growth family cohesion, disadvantages may outweigh these benefits. Anxiety, lack peer reduced stress regulation are main concerns. Another threat an increased risk parental illness, domestic violence child maltreatment. Especially special needs or disadvantages, such as disabilities, trauma experiences, already existing problems, migrant background low socioeconomic status, this be particularly challenging time. To maintain regular emergency adolescent psychiatric treatment during pandemic major challenge but necessary limiting long-term consequences adolescents. Urgent research questions comprise understanding effects social distancing pressure, identifying resilience factors, preventing consequences, including-but not restricted to-child efficacy telepsychiatry another highly relevant issue evaluate telehealth perfect its applications psychiatry.There numerous threats associated subsequent restrictions. Child psychiatrists must ensure continuity care all phases pandemic. COVID-19-associated risks will disproportionately hit who disadvantaged marginalized. Research needed assess implications policies enacted contain on adolescents, estimate risk/benefit ratio home schooling, order better prepared future developments.

Language: Английский

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Rethinking Concepts and Categories for Understanding the Neurodevelopmental Effects of Childhood Adversity

Perspectives on Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 67 - 93

Published: July 15, 2020

Discovering the processes through which early adverse experiences affect children’s nervous-system development, health, and behavior is critically important for developing effective interventions. However, advances in our understanding of these have been constrained by conceptualizations that rely on categories adversity are overlapping, vague boundaries, lack consistent biological evidence. Here, we discuss central problems link between early-life brain development. We conclude suggesting alternative formulations hold promise advancing knowledge about neurobiological mechanisms affects human

Language: Английский

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Rethinking minority stress: A social safety perspective on the health effects of stigma in sexually-diverse and gender-diverse populations

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 138, P. 104720 - 104720

Published: June 2, 2022

Language: Английский

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The effects of early life adversity on children’s mental health and cognitive functioning

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: June 10, 2022

Emerging evidence suggests that partially distinct mechanisms may underlie the association between different dimensions of early life adversity (ELA) and psychopathology in children adolescents. While there is minimal types ELA are associated with specific outcomes, unique cognitive socioemotional consequences increase transdiagnostic risk mental health problems across internalizing externalizing spectra. The current review provides an overview recent findings examining (e.g., language, executive function), attention bias, emotion regulation), correlates along threat/harshness, deprivation, unpredictability. We underscore similarities differences connecting to particular identify gaps future directions help clarify inconsistencies literature. This focuses on childhood adolescence, periods exquisite neurobiological change sensitivity environment. utility dimensional models better understanding mechanistic pathways towards expression discussed, supporting value such developmental sequelae ELA. Integration existing focused psychiatric classification biobehavioral advance our etiology, phenomenology, treatment difficulties youth.

Language: Английский

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Mental Health Issues During and After COVID-19 Vaccine Era

Brain Research Bulletin, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 176, P. 161 - 173

Published: Sept. 3, 2021

Language: Английский

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Association of Unhealthy Lifestyle and Childhood Adversity With Acceleration of Aging Among UK Biobank Participants

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(9), P. e2230690 - e2230690

Published: Sept. 6, 2022

Importance Accelerated aging makes adults more vulnerable to chronic diseases and death. Whether childhood adversity is associated with accelerated processes, what extent lifestyle mediates the association, remain unknown. Objective To examine associations of a phenotypic measure role unhealthy in mediating these associations. Design, Setting, Participants A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using data from adult participants UK Biobank baseline survey (2006-2010) online mental health (2016). Data performed September 1, 2021, February 28, 2022. Exposures Childhood adversity, including physical neglect, emotional sexual abuse, assessed retrospectively through Main Outcomes Measures measure, age acceleration, calculated, higher values indicating aging. Body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, activity, diet were combined construct an score (range, 0-5, scores denoting lifestyle). Results total 127 495 aged 40 69 years (mean [SD] chronological at baseline, 56.4 [7.7] years; 70 979 women [55.7%]; 123 987 White [97.2%]) included. Each individual type cumulative acceleration. For instance, compared who did not experience those experienced 4 (β = 0.296, 95% CI, 0.130-0.462) or 5 0.833; 0.537-1.129) adversities had acceleration fully adjusted models. The formal mediation revealed that partially mediated by 11.8% 42.1%. Conclusions Relevance In this study, significantly and, importantly, These findings reveal pathway middle early older adulthood underscore potential psychological strategies beyond interventions promote healthy

Language: Английский

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Accelerated epigenetic aging mediates link between adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms in older adults: Results from the Health and Retirement Study

SSM - Population Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17, P. 101071 - 101071

Published: March 1, 2022

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase risk for depression at subsequent ages and have been linked to accelerated biological aging. We hypothesize that epigenetic aging may partially mediate the link between ACEs depression. This study examines 3 three second-generation measures (viz., GrimAge, PhenoAge, DunedinPoAm38) as mediators of depressive symptoms in older adulthood. utilize structural equation modeling assess mediation Health Retirement Study (N = 2672). Experiencing is significantly associated with an GrimAge a faster pace via DunedinPoAm38. Having DunedinPoAm38 were also more symptoms. PhenoAge was not only experiencing ACEs. These associations reduced by socioeconomic lifestyle factors, including obesity substance use. explained 9 14% association adult symptoms, 2 7% Findings indicate aging, measured DunedinPoAm38, Americans. show these portion Epigenetic represent physiological mechanism underlying early life adversity Weight maintenance use are potentially important areas intervention.

Language: Английский

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Impact of adverse childhood experience on physical and mental health: A life‐course epidemiology perspective

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 76(11), P. 544 - 551

Published: Aug. 25, 2022

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been shown to long-term effects on physical and mental health, not only in the US, but also other countries, including Japan. In this paper, measurement of assessment ACEs has discussed, that is, concept (what is ACEs), inquiry (how ask about scoring count number prevalence many do we have). addition, a possible mechanism how affect health was summarized from life-course perspective, using critical/sensitive period model, pathway cumulative model with recent evidence neurological findings. Intergenerational transmission, maternal affecting offspring reviewed. Finally, future directions prevent remedy impact discussed.

Language: Английский

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Emotion-related impulsivity and risky decision-making: A systematic review and meta-regression

Clinical Psychology Review, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 100, P. 102232 - 102232

Published: Nov. 28, 2022

Emotion-related impulsivity, the trait-like tendency toward regrettable behavior during states of high emotion, is a robust predictor internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Despite substantial evidence that emotion-related impulsivity important transdiagnostically, relatively little known about its cognitive correlates. This systematic review meta-regression investigates one such candidate, risky decision-making. We analyzed 195 effect sizes from 51 studies 14,957 total participants, including 105 newly calculated were not reported in original publications. The demonstrated for small, positive relationship with behavioral indices decision-making (ß = 0.086). Effects generalized across sample age, gender, Positive versus Negative Urgency, clinical nonclinical samples. average size varied by task type, stronger effects Iowa Gambling Task Delay Discounting Task. Experimental arousal manipulation was nearly significant moderator, stress pharmacological manipulations yielding sizes. Analyses indicated publication bias did skew current findings. Notwithstanding limitations, data suggest domain relates to impulsivity. conclude recommendations regarding specific types tasks inductions will best capture future experimental research.

Language: Английский

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Adverse effects of early-life stress: focus on the rodent neuroendocrine system

Neural Regeneration Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 336 - 341

Published: May 25, 2023

Early-life stress is associated with a high prevalence of mental illnesses such as post-traumatic disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and anxiety or depressive behavior, which constitute major public health problems. In the early stages brain development after birth, events synaptogenesis, neuron maturation, glial differentiation occur in highly orchestrated manner, external can cause adverse long-term effects throughout life. Our body utilizes multifaceted mechanisms, including neuroendocrine neurotransmitter signaling pathways, to appropriately process stress. Newborn individuals first exposed early-life deploy neurogenesis stress-defense mechanism; however, adulthood, induces apoptosis mature neurons, activation immune responses, reduction neurotrophic factors, leading anxiety, depression, cognitive memory dysfunction. This involves hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis neurotransmitters secreted by central nervous system, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin. The rodent model generally used experimentally assess during neurodevelopment. paper reviews use response mechanisms discusses experimental results regarding how mediates stress-related pathways at vulnerability psychiatric disorder adulthood.

Language: Английский

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