Seed dispersal syndrome predicts ethanol concentration of fruits in a tropical dry forest

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 290(2003)

Published: July 19, 2023

Studying fruit traits and their interactions with seed dispersers can improve how we interpret patterns of biodiversity, ecosystem function evolution. Mounting evidence suggests that ethanol is common variable, may exert selective pressures on dispersers. To test this, comprehensively assess content in a wild explore sources variation. We hypothesize both phylogeny dispersal syndrome explain variation levels, predict fruits mammalian will contain higher levels than those bird traits. measured ripe species mammal- ( n = 16), bird- 14) or mixed-dispersal 7) syndromes Costa Rican tropical dry forest. Seventy-eight per cent yielded measurable concentrations. detected phylogenetic signal maximum (Pagel's λ 0.82). Controlling for phylogeny, observed greater concentrations mammal-dispersed fruits, indicating helps content, mammals be more exposed to diets birds. Our findings further our understanding its potential role as pressure frugivore sensory systems metabolism.

Language: Английский

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Comparative Metabolomics of Fruits and Leaves in a Hyperdiverse Lineage Suggests Fruits Are a Key Incubator of Phytochemical Diversification

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Aug. 30, 2021

Interactions between plants and leaf herbivores have long been implicated as the major driver of plant secondary metabolite diversity. However, other plant-animal interactions, such those fruits frugivores, may also be involved in phytochemical diversification. Using 12 species Piper , we conducted untargeted metabolomics molecular networking with extracts leaves. We evaluated organ-specific composition compared multiple dimensions diversity across organs, including richness, structural complexity, variability samples at scales within species. Plant organ identity, interaction two all significantly influenced composition. Leaves fruit shared a majority compounds, but contained more unique compounds had higher total estimated chemical richness. While relative levels richness complexity organs varied substantially species, exceeded than reverse. Furthermore, variance was for By documenting broad pattern high to leaves, this study lays groundwork incorporating into comprehensive integrative understanding ecological evolutionary factors shaping whole-plant level.

Language: Английский

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Changes in the structure of seed dispersal networks when including interaction outcomes from both plant and animal perspectives

Oikos, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2022(2)

Published: June 11, 2021

Interaction frequency is the most common currency in quantitative ecological networks, although interaction quality can also affect benefits provided by mutualisms. Here, we evaluate if modify network topology, species' role and whether such changes community vulnerability to species loss. We use a well‐examined study system (bird–lizard fleshy‐fruited plants ‘thermophilous' woodland of Canary Islands) compare species‐level metrics from based on fruit consumption rates (interaction frequency, IF), against networks reflecting functional outcomes: seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE) quantifying recruitment, resource provisioning (FRP), accounting for nutrient supply fruits. Nestedness decreased FRP SDE due lack association between 1) content and; 2) recruitment at deposition sites, respectively. The showed lower niche overlap complementarity among frugivores. evenness was network, response higher dominance lizards heliophilous species. Such changes, however, did not result enhanced extinctions. At plant level, strength changed frequently consumed or highly nutritious number effective partners whose seeds were deposited unsuitable places recruitment. In frugivores, consistent across (SDE vs showing that outweighed differences quality. case lizards, increased importance nutrient‐rich resulted partners. Our work shows strongly impacts effects, improves our inferences about assembly role. Thus, future studies including outcomes both partners' perspectives will provide valuable insights net effects mutualistic interactions.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic consequences of various fruit-based diets in a generalist insect species

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 6, 2023

Most phytophagous insect species exhibit a limited diet breadth and specialize on few or single host plant. In contrast, some display remarkably large breadth, with plants spanning several families many species. It is unclear, however, whether this phylogenetic generalism supported by generic metabolic use of common chemical compounds (‘metabolic generalism’) alternatively distinct uses diet-specific (‘multi-host specialism’)? Here, we simultaneously investigated the metabolomes fruit diets individuals generalist species, Drosophila suzukii , that developed them. The direct comparison consumers enabled us to disentangle fate rarer dietary compounds. We showed consumption biochemically dissimilar resulted in canalized, response from individuals, consistent hypothesis. also metabolites, such as those related particular color, odor, taste diets, were not metabolized, rather accumulated consumer even when probably detrimental fitness. As result, while mostly similar across detection their was straightforward. Our study thus supports view may emerge passive, opportunistic various resources, contrary more widespread views an active role adaptation process. Such passive stance towards chemicals, costly short term, might favor later evolution new specializations.

Language: Английский

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Fruit secondary metabolites alter the quantity and quality of a seed dispersal mutualism

Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 104(5)

Published: March 18, 2023

Plant secondary metabolites are key mechanistic drivers of species interactions. These have primarily been studied for their role in defense, but they can also important consequences mutualisms, including seed dispersal. Although the primary function fleshy fruits is to attract seed-dispersing animals, often contain complex mixtures toxic or deterrent that reduce quantity quality dispersal mutualisms. Furthermore, because seeds dispersed across multiple stages by several dispersers, net fruit effectiveness and ultimately plant fitness poorly understood. Here, we tested effects amides, nitrogen-based defensive compounds common neotropical genus Piper (Piperaceae), on (SDE) ants, which dispersers. We experimentally added amide extracts both field lab, finding amides reduced reducing ant recruitment (87%) removal rates (58% 66% respectively). Moreover, not only altered shifting community composition recruiting ants (notably most effective disperser 90% having no detectable effect a cheater removes pulp without dispersing seeds). did affect distance initially carried seeds, likelihood cleaning (67%) increasing redispersing outside nest (200%). Overall, these results demonstrate alter mutualism altering through mechanisms. findings present critical step understanding factors mediating outcomes and, more broadly, importance considering how influence mutualisms surrounding plants.

Language: Английский

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Determination of optimal harvesting time for essential oil and estragole yield in bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) growing in culture conditions

South African Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 155, P. 98 - 102

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Language: Английский

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Piper rivinoides Kunth: A medicinal plant that preserves bioactive chemical substances in its essential oil throughout the seasons

Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 258 - 268

Published: Aug. 31, 2022

The chemical composition and seasonal variation of essential oils (EO) extracted from the aerial parts traditional medicinal plant Piper rivinoides were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) GC flame ionization detector (GC-FID) technique, respectively. wild plants collected two different sites in Atlantic Forest. analysis allowed us to identify 96.60 99.80% EO composition. major compounds highest relative percentage for both specimens, regardless season, bioactive monoterpenes α-pinene β-pinene, which ranged 34.78 (summer) 53.87% (winter) 15.24% (autumn) 47.71% (winter), stability study specimens throughout year indicates that phenological cycle influences biosynthesis more than abiotic factors. This type phenotypic is rarely observed species belonging Piperaceae family, characterized by high variability. Furthermore, this favorable, P. has potential be a source compounds. Key words: -pinene, Forest, aromatic plant, volatile

Language: Английский

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New Structures, Spectrometric Quantification, and Inhibitory Properties of Cardenolides from Asclepias curassavica Seeds

Molecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(1), P. 105 - 105

Published: Dec. 23, 2022

Cardiac glycosides are a large class of secondary metabolites found in plants. In the genus Asclepias, cardenolides milkweed plants have an established role plant–herbivore and predator–prey interactions, based on their ability to inhibit membrane-bound Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme. Milkweed seeds eaten by specialist lygaeid bugs, which most cardenolide-tolerant insects known. These likely impose natural selection for repeated derivatisation cardenolides. A first step investigating this hypothesis is conduct phytochemical profiling seeds. Here, we report concentrations 10 purified from Asclepias curassavica. We structures new compounds: 3-O-β-allopyranosyl coroglaucigenin (1), 3-[4′-O-β-glucopyranosyl-β-allopyranosyl] (2), 3′-O-β-glucopyranosyl-15-β-hydroxycalotropin (3), 3-O-β-glucopyranosyl-12-β-hydroxyl (4), as well six previously reported (5–10). test vitro inhibition these compounds sensitive porcine Na+/K+-ATPase. The least inhibitory compound was also abundant seeds—4′-O-β-glucopyranosyl frugoside (5). Gofruside (9) inhibitory. no direct correlation between number glycosides/sugar moieties cardenolide its effect. Our results enhance literature diversity concentration among tissues provide opportunity uncover potential evolutionary relationships tissue-specific defense expression insect adaptations interactions.

Language: Английский

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Differential accumulation of cardenolides from Asclepias curassavica by large milkweed bugs does not correspond to availability in seeds or biological activity on the bug Na+/K+-ATPase

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: June 8, 2023

Milkweed–herbivore systems are characterized by cardenolide chemical defenses and specialized herbivore adaptations such as physiological target site insensitivity. Cardenolide in milkweeds can vary terms of the total concentration, differences polarity individual cardenolides, substitution steroidal structures that contribute to molecule's reactivity. The variability could represent plant's response natural selection adaptation resistant herbivores is a characteristic phenotype-matching between defensive offensive traits resulting from coevolution. Here, we test phenotypic match composition seeds Asclepias curassavica those sequestered nymphs adults seed Oncopeltus fasciatus , combined with tests inhibitory capacity subset cardenolides against Na + /K -ATPase O. non-adapted insect ( Drosophila melanogaster ). We compare this highly sensitive porcine -ATPase. Among five most abundant present milkweed seeds, glucopyranosyl frugoside, gofruside, calotropin were significantly more than nymphs; bugs contained higher concentrations deglucosylated compounds. compound, was also for but tolerant all compounds compared D. enzyme. Our results add evidence sequesters specific its host plants not directly linked concentration potency.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR-Cas-Mediated Optimization of Plant-Derived Natural Products of Biomedical Significance

Reference series in phytochemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 40

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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