The Birth and Death of Floral Organs in Cereal Crops DOI
Yongyu Huang, Thorsten Schnurbusch

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 75(1), P. 427 - 458

Published: March 1, 2024

Florets of cereal crops are the basic reproductive organs that produce grains for food or feed. The birth a floret progresses through meristem initiation and floral organ identity specification maintenance. During these processes, both endogenous external cues can trigger premature death, leading to failure. Recent advances in different have identified conserved distinct regulators governing floret. However, molecular underpinnings death just beginning be understood. In this review, we first provide general overview current findings field development major cereals outline forms deaths, particularly Triticeae crops. We then highlight importance vascular patterning photosynthesis success argue an expanded knowledge birth–death balance context agroecology.

Language: Английский

An integrated framework of plant form and function: the belowground perspective DOI
Alexandra Weigelt, Liesje Mommer, Karl Andraczek

et al.

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 232(1), P. 42 - 59

Published: July 2, 2021

Summary Plant trait variation drives plant function, community composition and ecosystem processes. However, our current understanding of disproportionately relies on aboveground observations. Here we integrate root traits into the global framework form function. We developed tested an overarching conceptual that integrates two recently identified gradients with a well‐established framework. confronted novel published relationships between above‐ belowground analogues multivariate analyses 2510 species. Our represent leaf conservation (specific area, nitrogen concentration, tissue density), collaboration gradient (root diameter specific length) size (plant height rooting depth). found integrated, whole‐plant space required as much four axes. The main axes represented fast–slow ‘conservation’ which fine‐root were well aligned, ‘collaboration’ in roots. additional separate, orthogonal for depth. This perspective multidimensional nature better encompasses function influence surrounding environment.

Language: Английский

Citations

300
Molecular mechanisms of shade tolerance in plants DOI Creative Commons
Jaime F. Martínez‐García, Manuel Rodríguez‐Concepción

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 239(4), P. 1190 - 1202

Published: June 6, 2023

Summary Shade tolerance is an ecological concept used in a wide range of disciplines, from plant physiology to landscaping or gardening. It refers the strategy some plants persist and even thrive environments with low light levels because shade produced by vegetation proximity (e.g. understory). influences organization, structure, functioning, dynamics communities. However, little known about its molecular genetic basis. By contrast, there good understanding on how deal other plants, divergent most crops respond proximity. While generally shade‐avoiding species strongly elongate response shade‐tolerant do not. Here we review mechanisms that control regulation hypocotyl elongation as reference framework understand tolerance. Comparative studies indicate implemented components also regulate species. These components, however, show differential properties explain how, same stimulus, while ones

Language: Английский

Citations

42
Biomass partitioning in response to intraspecific competition depends on nutrients and species characteristics: A study of 43 plant species DOI Creative Commons
Finn Rehling, Tobias M. Sandner, Diethart Matthies

et al.

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(5), P. 2219 - 2233

Published: Feb. 25, 2021

Abstract Competition simultaneously limits the availability of above‐ and below‐ground resources for plants. How plants respond to density with changes in patterns biomass allocation is poorly understood. Previous studies had inconsistent results, but emphasised increased stems response density. However, may depend on environmental conditions characteristics species. We grew 43 herbaceous plant species at three densities (1, 8 64 individuals per pot) two nutrient levels a common garden measured roots (RMF), leaves (LMF) (SMF), specific root (SRL) stem length (SSL). The differed functional group (grasses, forbs legumes), life span realised niche respect nutrients (Ellenberg's indicator value). Intraspecific competition self‐thinning supply. Overall, their RMF independent level, indicating that was mainly resources. influenced responses terms allocation, SRL SSL. At high densities, legumes were more productive than other groups hardly changed patterns, suggesting they less limited due mutualism nitrogen‐fixing rhizobia. perennials lower, higher strongly annuals, which could be interpreted as mechanisms increase survival. SMF, LMF, SSL line adaptations both light typical habitats. Synthesis . found intraspecific resources, many growing moderately nutrient‐rich high‐light Our results show growth conditions, interactions influence morphology.

Language: Английский

Citations

59
A global analysis of dry matter accumulation and allocation for maize yield breakthrough from 1.0 to 25.0 Mg ha−1 DOI

Guangzhou Liu,

Yunshan Yang,

Xiaoxia Guo

et al.

Resources Conservation and Recycling, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 188, P. 106656 - 106656

Published: Sept. 15, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

59
Optimized canopy structure improves maize grain yield and resource use efficiency DOI Creative Commons

Guangzhou Liu,

Yunshan Yang,

Wanmao Liu

et al.

Food and Energy Security, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2)

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

Abstract Improved canopy structure was instrumental in setting maize yield records, and yet it has rarely been examined China. At Qitai Farm Xinjiang, we conducted a 4‐year field experiment using China's six highest‐yielding hybrids sorted into three level groups that were grown at similar growth durations optimum densities. The average of high‐yield (HL, 22.3 Mg ha −1 ) 7.2% 24.6% higher than medium‐yield (ML) low‐yield (LL), respectively. For each level, measured morphological traits influence yield. They included plant height, ear ratio, internode length, leaf numbers, angle, LOV, area, spatial density area. Among the preceding levels, HL’s best optimized structure, as shown by improved light distribution (19.0% transmission ear) increased interception per unit area day (LIPA, 51.7 MJ m −2 canopy. In comparison, 12.2% 15.9% total LIPAs 37.2 29.0 silking for ML LL, HL had significantly longer duration photosynthetic rate, especially grain filling stage, its accumulated biomass maturity better (by 13.9%) LL’s. harvest index (0.54) (0.52) LL (0.48). radiation heat use efficiencies 2.61% 1.37 g °C , both greater those LL. Therefore, types can improve increase resource efficiency

Language: Английский

Citations

41
Understandings and future challenges in soybean functional genomics and molecular breeding DOI Creative Commons
Haiping Du, Chao Fang,

Yaru Li

et al.

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 65(2), P. 468 - 495

Published: Dec. 13, 2022

Abstract Soybean ( Glycine max ) is a major source of plant protein and oil. breeding has benefited from advances in functional genomics. In particular, the release soybean reference genomes advanced our understanding adaptation to soil nutrient deficiencies, molecular mechanism symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation, biotic abiotic stress tolerance, roles flowering time regional adaptation, architecture, seed yield quality. Nevertheless, many challenges remain for genomics breeding, mainly related improving grain through high‐density planting, maize–soybean intercropping, taking advantage wild resources, utilization heterosis, genomic prediction selection precise genome editing. This review summarizes current progress directs future soybean.

Language: Английский

Citations

41
Nitrogen partitioning in maize organs and underlined mechanisms from different plant density levels and N application rate in China DOI
Fengying Duan,

Ze Wei,

Soualihou Soualiou

et al.

Field Crops Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 294, P. 108874 - 108874

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

28
Agroecological genetics of biomass allocation in wheat uncovers genotype interactions with canopy shade and plant size DOI Creative Commons
Guy Golan, Jacob Weiner, Yusheng Zhao

et al.

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 242(1), P. 107 - 120

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Summary How plants distribute biomass among organs influences resource acquisition, reproduction and plant–plant interactions, is essential in understanding plant ecology, evolution, yield production agriculture. However, the genetic mechanisms regulating allocation responses to environment are largely unknown. We studied recombinant lines of wheat ( Triticum spp.) grown as single under sunlight simulated canopy shade investigate genotype‐by‐environment interactions leaves, stems, spikes, grains. Size‐corrected mass fractions allometric slopes were employed dissect light limitation size. Size adjustments revealed light‐responsive alleles associated with adaptation crop environment. Combined an approach, we demonstrated that polymorphism DELLA protein response While a gibberellin‐sensitive allelic effect on stem was amplified when shaded, size‐dependent effects this allele drive reproduction, suggesting ontogenetic trajectory affects consequences for allocation. Our approach provides basis exploring determinants underlying investment strategies face different constraints will be useful predicting social behaviours individuals community.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Friends, neighbours and enemies: an overview of the communal and social biology of plants DOI

Roza D. Bilas,

Amanda Bretman, Tom Bennett

et al.

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 44(4), P. 997 - 1013

Published: Dec. 3, 2020

Plants were traditionally seen as rather passive actors in their environment, interacting with each other only so far they competed for the same resources. In last 30 years, this view has been spectacularly overturned, a wealth of evidence showing that plants actively detect and respond to neighbours. Moreover, there is these responses depend on identity neighbour, may cooperate kin, displaying social behaviour complex observed animals. These plant-plant interactions play vital role shaping natural ecosystems, are also very important determining agricultural productivity. However, terms mechanistic understanding, we have just begun scratch surface, many aspects remain poorly understood. review, aim provide an overview field interactions, covering communal neighbours well towards consequences interactions. We particularly focus mechanisms underpin neighbour detection response, highlighting both progress gaps our understanding fascinating but previously overlooked

Language: Английский

Citations

62
Genetic gains in maize yield and related traits for high-yielding cultivars released during 1980s to 2010s in China DOI

Guangzhou Liu,

Haishun Yang, Ruizhi Xie

et al.

Field Crops Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 270, P. 108223 - 108223

Published: July 6, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

53