Epigenetic Mechanisms Driving Adaptation in Tropical and Subtropical Plants: Insights and Future Directions

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

ABSTRACT Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and Noncoding RNAs, play a critical role in enabling plants to adapt environmental changes without altering their sequence. These processes dynamically regulate gene expression response diverse stressors, making them essential for plant resilience under changing global conditions. This review synthesises research on tropical subtropical plants—species naturally exposed extreme temperatures, salinity, drought, other stressors—while drawing parallels with similar mechanisms observed arid temperate ecosystems. By integrating molecular biology ecology, this synthesis highlights how provide valuable models understanding strategies applicable across broader taxa. underscores the potential of epigenetic inform conservation agricultural innovations aimed at bolstering face climate change.

Language: Английский

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Molecular bases of responses to abiotic stress in trees

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 71(13), P. 3765 - 3779

Published: Nov. 25, 2019

Abstract Trees are constantly exposed to climate fluctuations, which vary with both time and geographic location. Environmental changes that outside of the physiological favorable range usually negatively affect plant performance trigger responses abiotic stress. Long-living trees in particular have evolved a wide spectrum molecular mechanisms coordinate growth development under stressful conditions, thus minimizing fitness costs. The ongoing techniques directed at quantifying stress has significantly increased our knowledge woody plants. However, it is only within recent years advances next-generation sequencing biochemical approaches enabled us begin understand complexity systems underlie these responses. Here, we review progress understanding bases drought temperature stresses trees, focus on functional, transcriptomic, epigenetic, population genomic studies. In addition, highlight topics will contribute plastic adaptive plants context global change.

Language: Английский

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From Genome Sequencing to CRISPR-Based Genome Editing for Climate-Resilient Forest Trees

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 966 - 966

Published: Jan. 16, 2022

Due to the economic and ecological importance of forest trees, modern breeding genetic manipulation trees have become increasingly prevalent. The CRISPR-based technology provides a versatile, powerful, widely accepted tool for analyzing gene function precise modification in virtually any species but remains largely unexplored species. Rapidly accumulating genomic resources enabled identification numerous genes biological processes that are associated with important traits such as wood quality, drought, or pest resistance, facilitating selection suitable editing targets. Here, we introduce discuss latest progress, opportunities, challenges genome sequencing improving sustainability.

Language: Английский

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European and American chestnuts: An overview of the main threats and control efforts

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

Chestnuts are multipurpose trees significant for the economy and wildlife. These currently found around globe, demonstrating their genetic adaptation to different environmental conditions. Several biotic abiotic stresses have challenged these species, contributing decline of European chestnut production functional extinction American chestnut. efforts started over last century understand cellular, molecular, interactions behind all interactions. Most been toward breeding primary diseases, blight ink disease caused by pathogens, Cryphonectria parasitica Phytophthora cinnamomi , respectively. In Europe North America, researchers using Asian which co-evolved with introgress resistance genes into susceptible species. Breeding woody has several limitations can be mostly related long life cycles species big genome landscapes. Consequently, it takes decades improve traits interest, such as pathogens. Currently, availability sequences next-generation sequencing techniques may provide new tools help overcome most problems tree is still facing. This review summarizes chestnut’s main discusses biotechnological developed decades, having focus. Climate change a rising concern, in this context, chestnuts adverse conditions extreme importance production. Therefore, we also discuss challenges on chestnuts, where response stress at molecular level explored.

Language: Английский

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Use of Genomic Resources to Assess Adaptive Divergence and Introgression in Oaks

Forests, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 690 - 690

Published: May 27, 2021

Adaptive divergence is widely accepted as a contributor to speciation and the maintenance of species integrity. However, mechanisms leading reproductive isolation, genes involved in adaptive divergence, traits that shape adaptation wild changes climate are still largely unknown. In studying role ecological interactions environment-driven selection, trees have emerged potential model organisms because their longevity large genetic diversity, especially natural habitats. Due recurrent gene flow among with different preferences, oaks arose early 1970s for understanding how can occur face interspecific flow, what we mean by “species” when geographically genomically heterogeneous introgression seems undermine species’ coherence. this review, provide an overview recent research into genomic underpinnings integrity flow. We review analytical tools instrumental better isolation oaks. evidence oak coherent entities, focusing on sympatric populations ongoing discuss hypotheses regarding linking isolation. As evolution drought- freezing-tolerance been key parallel diversification oaks, investigate question whether same or similar set drought stress tolerance across taxa sections. Finally, propose future directions hybridization change.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Research on Stress Responses in Quercus spp.: From Classical Biochemistry to Systems Biology through Omics Analysis

Forests, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 364 - 364

Published: March 19, 2021

The genus Quercus (oak), family Fagaceae, comprises around 500 species, being one of the most important and dominant woody angiosperms in Northern Hemisphere. Nowadays, it is threatened by environmental cues, which are either biotic or abiotic origin. This causes tree decline, dieback, deforestation, can worsen a climate change scenario. In 21st century, biotechnology should take pivotal role facing this problem proposing sustainable management conservation strategies for forests. As non-domesticated, long-lived only plausible approach breeding exploiting natural diversity present species selection elite, more resilient genotypes, based on molecular markers. direction, to investigate mechanisms tolerance resistance stresses, identification genes, gene products, metabolites related phenotype. research performed using classical biochemistry recent omics (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) approaches, be integrated with other physiological morphological techniques Systems Biology direction. review focused current state-of-the-art such approaches describing integrating latest knowledge stress responses spp., special reference ilex, system authors have been working last 15 years. While factors mainly include fungi insects as Phytophthora cinnamomi, Cerambyx welensii, Operophtera brumata, salinity, drought, waterlogging, soil pollutants, cold, heat, carbon dioxide, ozone, ultraviolet radiation. structured following Central Dogma Molecular omic cascade, from DNA DNA-based markers) (metabolomics), through mRNA (transcriptomics) proteins (proteomics). An view different challenges, future directions critically discussed.

Language: Английский

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A candidate gene association analysis identifies SNPs potentially involved in drought tolerance in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2021

Studies of genetic variation underlying traits related to drought tolerance in forest trees are great importance for understanding their adaptive potential under a climate change scenario. In this study, using candidate gene approach, associations between SNPs and were assessed saplings European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) representing growing along steep precipitation gradients. The subjected experimentally controlled treatments. Response the was by evaluation stem diameter growth (SDG) chlorophyll fluorescence parameters FV/FM, PIabs, PItot. showed that from xeric sites less affected treatment. Five (7.14%) three genes significantly associated with evaluated traits; particular genotypes at these better performance located cytosolic class I small heat-shock protein, CTR/DRE binding transcription factor, isocitrate dehydrogenase explained 5.8-13.4% phenotypic variance. These findings provide insight into basis could support development conservation management strategies future climatic conditions.

Language: Английский

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Indications of Genetic Admixture in the Transition Zone between Fagus sylvatica L. and Fagus sylvatica ssp. orientalis Greut. & Burd

Diversity, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 90 - 90

Published: June 10, 2019

Two subspecies of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) can be found in southeast Europe: Fagus ssp. L. and orientalis (Lipsky) Greut. & Burd. Lipsky). In a previous study, based on genetic diversity patterns morphological characters, indications hybridization between both were northeastern Greece, known contact zone F. orientalis. Nevertheless, potential admixture has not been investigated systematically before. Here, we structure 14 populations originating from Greece Turkey as well two reference Germany nine expressed sequence tag-simple repeat (EST-SSR) markers. Very low differentiation was detected among (mean GST: 0.005) 0.008), but substantial the 0.122). Indications for revealed one population Greece. One markers showed specific allele frequencies may used diagnostic marker future studies to discriminate subspecies.

Language: Английский

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Low Population Differentiation but High Phenotypic Plasticity of European Beech in Germany

Forests, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 1354 - 1354

Published: Dec. 18, 2020

Drought is increasingly impairing the vitality of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in several regions its distribution range. In times climate change, adaptive traits such as plant phenology and frost tolerance are also becoming more important. Adaptive patterns seem to be complex, contrasting results regarding relative effect phenotypic plasticity genetic variation trait have been reported. Here, we used a large translocation experiment comprising than 15,500 seedlings three Germany investigate local adaptation beech. We found low population differentiation survival, height increment, but high for these traits. Survival showed positive correlation with temperature variables less pronounced negative precipitation-related variables. This suggests predominant growing degree days on survival under moderate drought stress. The may help cope changing environmental conditions, albeit increasing stress make changes necessary long term.

Language: Английский

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Variations in Acorn Traits in Two Oak Species: Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. and Quercus variabilis Blume

Forests, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 1755 - 1755

Published: Dec. 12, 2021

Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. and Q. variabilis Blume are two main oak species in China, producing large amounts of acorns every year. However, the trait variations acorns, as a promising energy crop material, not fully understood, hence we compared traits from different populations with altered geographic distribution this study. Thirteen acorn traits, including phenotype, proximate compositions functional compounds, were analyzed both L. collected 44 across China. The results showed that, except differences found among accessions sizes, starch varied 140.96–297.09 mg/g 130.99–306.28 variabilis, indicating its substantial populations. total polyphenols, flavonoids soluble tannins 41.76–158.92, 23.43–91.94, 15.11–17.81 mg/g, respectively, mongolica, 89.36–188.37, 50.59–116.07, 15.24–17.33 demonstrating their levels polyphenols Moreover, North China Southwest had higher polyphenols. As geographical location approached species, difference sizes gradually increased, while that opposite. Principal component analysis cluster further revealed became larger less increasing latitudes species. In small high which was contrary to those variabilis. These findings indicated closely associated distribution. Thus, our will provide references for selection breeding starch, or low regions.

Language: Английский

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