Assessment of proline function in higher plants under extreme temperatures

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 379 - 395

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Climate change and abiotic stress factors are key players in crop losses worldwide. Among which, extreme temperatures (heat cold) disturb plant growth development, reduce productivity and, severe cases, lead to death. Plants have developed numerous strategies mitigate the detrimental impact of temperature stress. Exposure leads accumulation various metabolites, e.g. sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids amino acids. accumulate acid 'proline' response several stresses, including Proline abundance may result from de novo synthesis, hydrolysis proteins, reduced utilization or degradation. also tolerance by maintaining osmotic balance (still controversial), cell turgidity indirectly modulating metabolism reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, crosstalk proline with other osmoprotectants signalling molecules, glycine betaine, abscisic acid, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, soluble helps strengthen protective mechanisms stressful environments. Development less temperature-responsive cultivars can be achieved manipulating biosynthesis through genetic engineering. This review presents an overview responses outline under such temperatures. The exogenous application as a molecule is presented. interaction molecules discussed. Finally, potential engineering proline-related genes explained develop 'temperature-smart' plants. In short, promise ways forward for developing future

Language: Английский

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Complex plant responses to drought and heat stress under climate change

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 117(6), P. 1873 - 1892

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

SUMMARY Global climate change is predicted to result in increased yield losses of agricultural crops caused by environmental conditions. In particular, heat and drought stress are major factors that negatively affect plant development reproduction, previous studies have revealed how these stresses induce responses at physiological molecular levels. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview current knowledge concerning drought, heat, combinations conditions the status plants, including crops, affecting such as stomatal conductance, photosynthetic activity, cellular oxidative conditions, metabolomic profiles, signaling mechanisms. We further discuss stress‐responsive regulatory transcription factors, which play critical roles adaptation both potentially function ‘hubs’ and/or responses. Additionally, present recent findings based on forward genetic approaches reveal natural variations traits under Finally, an application decades study results actual fields strategy increase tolerance. This review summarizes our understanding

Language: Английский

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Salt stress resilience in plants mediated through osmolyte accumulation and its crosstalk mechanism with phytohormones

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 26, 2022

Salinity stress is one of the significant abiotic stresses that influence critical metabolic processes in plant. limits plant growth and development by adversely affecting various physiological biochemical processes. Enhanced generation reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced via salinity subsequently alters macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, thus constrains crop productivity. Due to which, a decreasing trend cultivable land rising world population raises question global food security. In response salt signals, plants adapt defensive mechanisms orchestrating synthesis, signaling, regulation osmolytes phytohormones. Under stress, have been investigated stabilize osmotic differences between surrounding cells cytosol. They also help protein folding facilitate functioning signaling. Phytohormones play roles eliciting adaptation plants. These responses enable acclimatize adverse soil conditions. are helpful minimizing stress-related detrimental effects on phytohormones modulate level through alteration gene expression pattern key biosynthetic enzymes antioxidative along with their role signaling molecules. Thus, it becomes vital understand these osmolyte accumulation conclude adaptive played avoid stress.

Language: Английский

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Accumulation of Proline in Plants under Contaminated Soils—Are We on the Same Page?

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 666 - 666

Published: March 8, 2023

Agricultural soil degradation is occurring at unprecedented rates, not only as an indirect effect of climate change (CC) but also due to intensified agricultural practices which affect properties and biodiversity. Therefore, understanding the impacts CC on plant physiology crucial for sustainable development mitigation strategies prevent crop productivity losses. The amino acid proline has long been recognized playing distinct roles in cells undergoing osmotic stress. Due its osmoprotectant redox-buffering ability, a positive correlation between accumulation plants’ tolerance abiotic stress pointed out numerous reviews. Indeed, quantification used systematically by physiologists indicator degree measurement antioxidant potential plants under stressful conditions. Moreover, exogenous application shown increase resilience several factors, including those related such salinity exposure metals xenobiotics. However, recent data from studies often refer signal sensitivity with no clear improved activity or higher tolerance, when exogenously reliever. Nevertheless, endogenous levels are strongly modified these stresses, proving involvement responses. Hence, one main question arises—is augmentation always sign resilience? From this perspective, present review aims provide more comprehensive implications induced reinforcing idea that should be employed sole rather complemented further biochemical physiological endpoints.

Language: Английский

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Soil salinity and drought tolerance: An evaluation of plant growth, productivity, microbial diversity, and amelioration strategies

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 100319 - 100319

Published: Dec. 10, 2023

Global climate change affects weather patterns, affecting soil salinity and drought tolerance. Crop resilience agriculture sustainability can be enhanced by exploring salinity, plant tolerance, microbial diversity, remediation techniques. This review examines the morpho-physiological, molecular, genetic mechanisms underlying adaptation to stress. It highlights their impact on growth, productivity, diversity. Diverse methods are investigated tackle stress, encompassing chemical, physical, biological approaches. Additionally, water-efficient agricultural practices drought-resistant crop varieties presented as ways increase tolerance these stresses. These implications for sustainable emphasize potential of findings optimize resource utilization, yield, promote environmental sustainability. The concludes discussing future research directions, particularly need more study into molecular basis plant-microbe interactions stress mechanisms. By advancing our knowledge in this field, we develop innovative solutions mitigate ensuring food security changing climates.

Language: Английский

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Effect of salinity stress on rice yield and grain quality: A meta-analysis

European Journal of Agronomy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 144, P. 126765 - 126765

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Research progress on the physiological response and molecular mechanism of cold response in plants

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Low temperature is a critical environmental stress factor that restricts crop growth and geographical distribution, significantly impacting quality yield. When plants are exposed to low temperatures, series of changes occur in their external morphology internal physiological biochemical metabolism. This article comprehensively reviews the alterations regulatory mechanisms indices, such as membrane system stability, redox system, fatty acid content, photosynthesis, osmoregulatory substances, response low-temperature plants. Furthermore, we summarize recent research on signal transduction pathways, phytohormones, epigenetic modifications, other molecular mediating temperatures higher In addition, outline cultivation practices improve plant cold resistance highlight cold-related genes used breeding. Last, discuss future directions, potential application prospects breeding, significant breakthroughs mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Plant hormone ethylene: A leading edge in conferring drought stress tolerance

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 176(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Agricultural sufficient productivity is of paramount importance for ensuring food security and conserving soil health to support the world's agronomy. Climatic abruptions have been emerging as one most nerve‐pressing issues sustainment planet Earth in twenty‐first century. Among various environmental constraints, drought stress stands out a potent factor restricting crop growth productivity. It triggers myriad intricate responses plants combat underlying stress‐mediated adversities. Gaining comprehensive understanding key physiological molecular mechanisms that enable withstand crucial developing effective strategies enhance resilience. Ethylene, gaseous plant hormone, influences adaptive measures adopted by subjected regulating signal transduction‐associated responses. The present review article provides an in‐depth critical roles ethylene enhancing plants' ability restrain severity stress. also highlights significance signaling components survival tolerance. Additionally, we illustrated additive antagonistic interactions with other regulators, which instigate tolerance Conclusively, this emphasizes complex networks involved ethylene‐mediated tolerance, providing valuable insights future research uncovering novel studies field biology.

Language: Английский

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Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of salt tolerance in barley under salinity stress

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 100403 - 100403

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Salt stress poses a significant threat to global crop yield, prompting the need for understanding responses in crops like barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) known salt tolerance. This study investigated four genotypes - Giza129, Giza135, Line 1 and 2 under 12 16 dS/m concentrations over 30-day period. Results revealed salinity-induced decrease plant growth, particularly pronounced Giza 129 135. Ion analyses demonstrated distinct responses, with accumulating more Na+ less K+, leading an increased Na+/K+ ratio, while both lines maintained reducing ratio. Proline accumulation emerged as crucial protective mechanism, evident exhibiting significantly higher proline content compared genotypes. Antioxidant enzyme activities, including catalase, ascorbate peroxidase peroxidase, are markedly elevated lines, indicating superior tolerance mechanisms. research contributes insights into tolerance, emphasizing potential genetic enhancement programs. The elucidated variations salinity among new their signaling mechanisms stress. Given impact of on these findings hold promise enhancing other through advancements.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing metabolomics for enhanced crop drought tolerance

The Crop Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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