From Network to Neurotransmitter DOI Creative Commons
Marijn Huiskamp

Published: May 3, 2024

The central aim of this thesis was to better understand the underlying mechanisms cognitive impairment in MS and its relationship brain network functioning. This studied from three perspectives: a rehabilitation perspective (i.e., role physical exercise on function cognition), longitudinal cellular molecular glutamatergic GABAergic systems). perspectives resulted following sub-questions that I have tried answer thesis: 1) What are effects an intervention (running training) functioning PwMS? 2) How does evolve over time PwMS convert worse status? 3) is systems relation performance Physical For first question above, we found that: • patients who followed 12-week running training showed increased visuospatial memory functioning, which not seen control group. In group, improvement correlated with change hippocampus-DMN FC, indicating stronger improvements coincided larger increases FC Stronger, more synchronized communication between hippocampus DMN may thus be involved memory. Cognitive evolution five years Regarding 2 Almost 20% converted (mild) cognitively impaired phenotype course At baseline, higher centrality, while VAN preserved centrality could indicate starts show changes (either regulate DMN/FPN or becoming dysfunctional) becomes dysfunctional when overt. systems: vivo neurotransmitters receptors Finally, for third No differences glutamate GABA concentrations were observed thalamus patients, regardless status CP CI). However, GABAA-receptor density cortical deep GM, information processing speed. upregulation phase compensatory mechanism preserve secondary inflammation changes. And ex silico study conclude following: Both excitatory inhibitory synaptic loss layer VI, losses up 15% NAGM demyelinated cortex, severe than reached levels 30% Modeling reducing synapses impacted most, resulting disinhibitory measures. mean particular importance MS-related disturbances.

Language: Английский

Move Your Body, Boost Your Brain: The Positive Impact of Physical Activity on Cognition across All Age Groups DOI Creative Commons
Felice Festa,

Silvia Medori,

Monica Macrì

et al.

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1765 - 1765

Published: June 20, 2023

While the physical improvements from exercise have been well documented over years, impact of activity on mental health has recently become an object interest. Physical improves cognition, particularly attention, memory, and executive functions. However, mechanisms underlying these effects yet to be fully understood. Consequently, we conducted a narrative literature review concerning association between acute chronic cognition provide overview exercise-induced benefits during lifetime person. Most previous papers mainly reported exercise-related greater expression neurotransmitter neurotrophic factors. Recently, structural functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques allowed for detection increased grey matter volumes specific brain regions substantial modifications in default mode, frontoparietal, dorsal attention networks following exercise. Here, highlighted that induced significant changes activation cognitive performance every age group could counteract psychological disorders neural decline. No particular gained better exercise, type generate selected target subject. Further research should develop appropriate intervention programs comorbidity achieve most outcomes.

Language: Английский

Citations

35
Effect of combined physical–cognitive training on the functional and cognitive capacity of older people with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial DOI Creative Commons
Yolanda Castellote‐Caballero,

María del Carmen Carcelén Fraile,

Agustín Aibar‐Almazán

et al.

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: July 8, 2024

Abstract Background The increase in population aging highlights the growing prevalence of mild cognitive impairment, prompting adoption interventions that combine physical exercise and training to improve health performance older adults. aim this study was analyze efficacy a combined program on people with impairment. Methods A 12-week randomized controlled clinical trial involving 95 participants (aged 72.12 ± 4.25 years), 47 individuals participated control group (CG) only underwent stimulation, while 48 were an experimental (EG) program. Balance measured using Tinetti scale, upper body strength assessed arm curl test, lower evaluated 30-s chair stand flexibility tested back scratch test sit-and-reach function Timed Up Go Mini Mental State Examination, impairment Montreal Cognitive Assessment, verbal fluency Isaac executive functions Trail Making Test. Results results show significant improvements both aspects, such as balance, gait, strength, flexibility, function, fluency, carried out intervention compared group. Conclusion for leads enhancements health. These underscore importance integrating effective strategy enhancing overall quality life Trial registration NCT05503641.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Improving brain health via the central executive network DOI Open Access
Marcelo Bigliassi, Danylo F. Cabral, Amanda C. Evans

et al.

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Abstract Cognitive and physical stress have significant effects on brain health, particularly through their influence the central executive network (CEN). The CEN, which includes regions such as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex inferior parietal lobe, is to managing demands of cognitively challenging motor tasks. Acute can temporarily reduce connectivity within leading impaired cognitive function emotional states. However a rebound in these states often follows, driven by motivational signals mesocortical mesolimbic pathways, help sustain inhibitory control task execution. Chronic exposure challenges leads long‐term improvements CEN functionality. These changes are supported neurochemical, structural systemic adaptations, including mechanisms tissue crosstalk. Myokines, adipokines, anti‐inflammatory cytokines gut‐derived metabolites contribute biochemical environment that enhances neuroplasticity, reduces neuroinflammation supports neurotransmitters serotonin dopamine. processes strengthen connectivity, improve self‐regulation enable individuals adopt health‐optimizing behaviours. Long‐term activity not only but also risk age‐related decline neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights role progressive exercise practical approach strengthening promoting offering strategy resilience well‐being across lifespan. image

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Enhancing Cognitive Abilities and Delaying Cognitive Decline in the Elderly through Exercise-based Health Management Systems DOI Creative Commons

Fateh Faraziani,

Özgür Eken

International journal of Sport Studies for Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(2), P. 13 - 22

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Objective: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the theoretical frameworks, empirical evidence, critical analysis, practical implications, and future research directions related tailored exercise programs their impact on cognitive health in elderly. Material Methods: The study used systematic literature approach evaluate effectiveness abilities decline Data collection involved searching databases like PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Google Scholar, along with manual searches reference lists. Inclusion criteria focused peer-reviewed studies participants aged 60 above, involving interventions measurable outcomes. Results: article reviews evidence role improving functions It explores models explaining cognition evaluates different types exercise, such as aerobic, strength training, yoga. also investigates how these can delay decline, addresses quality limitations existing studies, suggests directions. Conclusion: emphasizes need for personalized based individual capabilities environmental considerations optimize benefits.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Effects of a games-based physical education lesson on cognitive function in adolescents DOI Creative Commons
Luke M. Gilbert, Karah J. Dring, Ryan A. Williams

et al.

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 14, 2023

Despite the importance of physical education (PE) lessons for activity in adolescents, acute cognitive responses to PE have not been explored; a gap literature that this study addresses. Following familiarisation, 76 (39 female) adolescents (12.2 ± 0.4 y) completed two trials (60 min games-based lesson and 60 academic lesson) separated by 7-d counterbalanced, crossover design. Attention, executive function, working memory, perception were assessed 30 before, immediately post, 45 post-lesson both trials. Participants split into high-and low-fit groups based on gender-specific median distance run multi-stage fitness test. Furthermore, participants high low MVPA time (time spent >64% HR max) during lesson. Overall, had no effect perception, attention, or function (all p > 0.05) unless is high. The activity-cognition relationship was moderated MVPA, as memory improved post-PE who more their (time*trial*MVPA interaction, < 0.05, partial η2 = 0.119). high-fit displayed superior than counterparts, across all domains (main fitness, 0.014-0.121). This provides novel evidence moderates response lesson; emphasises higher levels are beneficial adolescents.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Gene Expression After Exercise Is Disrupted by Early‐Life Stress DOI Creative Commons

Taylor S. Campbell,

Katelyn M. Donoghue,

Tania L. Roth

et al.

Developmental Psychobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 67(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Exercise can be leveraged as an important tool to improve neural and psychological health, either on its own or bolster the efficacy of evidence‐based treatment modalities. Research in both humans animal models shows that positive experiences, such exercise, promote neuroprotection while, contrast, aversive particularly those early development, are often neurologically psychologically disruptive. In current study, we employed a preclinical model investigate therapeutic benefits exercise gene expression brains adult rats. Long Evans rats were exposed maltreatment stress nurturing care during infancy, with some later given voluntary running wheels aerobic intervention from Postnatal Days 70 90. Our results showed irisin expression, which promotes neuroprotection, was differentially affected by exposure stress. We add rapidly growing area research neuroprotective shed light molecular mechanisms may affect different individuals.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Effects of 16-week progressive resistance training on neurodegeneration in people with progressive multiple sclerosis: An extended baseline within-person trial DOI Creative Commons
Arianne S Gravesteijn, Heleen Beckerman, Tommy A.A. Broeders

et al.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106411 - 106411

Published: March 1, 2025

Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) is characterized by ongoing neurodegeneration, which current therapies inadequately address. Exercise therapy has emerged as a potential approach to mitigate this process. To investigate the effects of 16-week progressive resistance training (PRT) on neurodegeneration and neuronal function in people with PMS. In extended-baseline within-person trial, were assessed (i.e. total brain volume (TBV), cortical deep gray matter (CGMV & DGMV) normalized for intercranial volume, default mode network (DMN) sensorimotor (SMN) resting-state functional connectivity blood-based biomarkers (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurofilament light, glial fibrillary acidic protein)). Muscle strength changes also measured. Linear mixed model analysis was used assess changes. Thirty participants (20 females; mean age 54 years) significantly improved muscle (3-11 kg). No significant observed nor function. CGMV demonstrated trend towards decline during baseline (-0.0008, 95 %CI:-0.0017, 0.0001, p = 0.10) intervention period (-0.0007, %CI:-0.0016, 0.10), but not follow-up (0.0002, %CI:-0.0007, 0.0011, 0.60). The PRT did affect Further research longer-term exercise interventions warranted.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Effects of Physical Exercise Breaks on Executive Function in a Simulated Classroom Setting: Uncovering a Window into the Brain DOI Creative Commons
Qian Yu, Zhihao Zhang, Sebastian Ludyga

et al.

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 25, 2024

Acknowledging the detrimental effects of prolonged sitting, this study examined an acute exercise break during sitting on executive function, cortical hemodynamics, and microvascular status. In randomized crossover study, 71 college students completed three conditions: (i) uninterrupted (SIT); (ii) SIT with a 15 min moderate-intensity cycling (MIC); (iii) vigorous-intensity (VIC). Behavioral outcomes, retinal vessel diameters (central artery equivalents [CRAE], vein [CRVE], arteriovenous ratio [AVR]), activation, effective connectivity were evaluated. Linear mixed models identified significant positive conditions behavioral reaction time (RT), error rate, inverse efficiency score (β = -2.62, -0.19, -3.04: ps < 0.05). MIC VIC produced pre-to-post-intervention increases in CRAE CRVE 4.46, 6.34), frontal resting-state task-state causal density 0.37, 0.06) (ps 0.05) compared to SIT; was more beneficial for function neurobiological parameters. The effect AVR average RT mediated through task-based (indirect effect: -0.82). Acutely interrupting improves status, activation connectivity, mediating microvascular-executive link.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Alterations in functional connectivity of executive control network reveal influence of indoor toluene on cognition at low concentration DOI

Changqing Zhan,

Junjie Liu, Mingrui Cui

et al.

Building and Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 232, P. 110031 - 110031

Published: Jan. 28, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Static and dynamic resting-state brain activity patterns of table tennis players in 7-Tesla MRI DOI Creative Commons
Yuyang Li, Mengqi Zhao, Yuting Cao

et al.

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: July 14, 2023

Table tennis involves quick and accurate motor responses during training competition. Multiple studies have reported considerably faster visuomotor expertise-related intrinsic brain activity changes among table players compared with matched controls. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we performed static dynamic resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) analyses of 20 21 control subjects using 7T ultra-high field imaging. We calculated amplitude low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) two groups. The results revealed that exhibited decreased ALFF in left inferior temporal gyrus (lITG) group. Voxel-wised connectivity (sFC) (dFC) lITG as seed region afforded complementary overlapping results. sFC right middle parietal gyrus. Conversely, they displayed increased dFC from to prefrontal cortex, particularly frontal gyrus, superior gyrus-medial, gyrus-dorsolateral. These findings suggest demonstrate altered transformation executive function pathways. Both pathways involve lITG, which is a vital node ventral visual stream. provide results, may help us better understand network organization induced by long-term skill training.

Language: Английский

Citations

7