Dynamics of T-cell responses following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and breakthrough infection in older adults DOI Creative Commons
Sneha Datwani, Rebecca Kalikawe, Francis Mwimanzi

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 16, 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction While older adults generally mount weaker antibody responses to a primary COVID-19 vaccine series, T-cell remain less well characterized in this population. We compared SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific after two- and three-dose mRNA vaccination subsequent breakthrough infection younger adults. Methods quantified CD4+ CD8+ T-cells reactive overlapping peptides spanning the ancestral spike protein 40 (median age 79) 50 health care workers 39), all naive, using an activation induced marker assay. were further assessed 24 participants, including 8 adults, who subsequently experienced their first infection. Results A third dose significantly boosted frequencies above two-dose levels did not differ between either dose. Multivariable analyses adjusting for sociodemographic, vaccine-related variables confirmed that was associated with impaired cellular responses. Instead, strongest predictors of post-third-dose corresponding post-second-dose frequencies. Breakthrough increased both T cell frequencies, comparable Exploratory revealed association HLA-A*02:03 higher post-vaccination which may be attributable numerous strong-binding HLA-A*02:03-specific epitopes spike. Conclusion Older robust vaccination, are following

Language: Английский

Strong humoral response after Covid‐19 vaccination correlates with the common HLA allele A*03:01 and protection from breakthrough infection DOI
Roberto Crocchiolo,

Coralie Frassati,

Anna Maria Gallina

et al.

HLA, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Few data exist on the role of genetic factors involving HLA system response to Covid‐19 vaccines. Moving from suggestions a previous study investigating association some alleles with humoral BNT162b2, we here compared allele frequencies among weak ( n = 111) and strong 123) responders, defined as those healthcare workers lowest highest anti‐Spike antibody levels after vaccination. Individuals clinical history or positive anti‐nucleocapside antibodies were excluded. We found common HLA‐A*03:01 an independent predictor (OR 12.46, 95% CI: 4.41–35.21, p < 0.0001), together younger age vaccines 0.004). Correlation between protection breakthrough infection has been observed, 2‐year cumulative incidence 42% 63% respectively 0.03). Due high frequency need for seasonal vaccinations against SARS‐CoV‐2 mutants, our findings provide useful information about inter‐individual differences observed in vaccine might support further studies next

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Hypocortisolemic ASIA: a vaccine- and chronic infection-induced syndrome behind the origin of long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis DOI Creative Commons
Manuel Ruiz-Pablos, Bruno Paiva, Aintzane Zabaleta

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 9, 2024

Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), long COVID (LC) and post-COVID-19 vaccine show similarities in their pathophysiology clinical manifestations. These disorders are related to viral adjuvant persistence, immunological alterations, autoimmune diseases hormonal imbalances. A developmental model is postulated that involves the interaction between immune hyperactivation, hypophysitis pituitary hypophysitis, depletion. This process might begin with a deficient CD4 T-cell response infections genetically predisposed individuals (HLA-DRB1), followed by an uncontrolled CD8 hyperactivation elevated antibody production, some of which may be directed against autoantigens, can trigger direct damage pituitary, resulting decreased production hormones, such as ACTH. As disease progresses, prolonged exposure antigens lead exhaustion system, exacerbating symptoms pathology. It suggested these could included autoimmune/adjuvant-induced inflammatory (ASIA) because similar manifestations possible relationship genetic factors, polymorphisms HLA-DRB1 gene. In addition, it proposed treatment antivirals, corticosteroids/ginseng, antioxidants, metabolic precursors improve modulating response, function, inflammation oxidative stress. Therefore, purpose this review suggest origin adenohypophysis improvement after corticosteroid replacement therapy.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Assessment of the Humoral Immune Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor Binding Motif DOI Open Access
M. Monteiro, Guilherme C. Lechuga,

Larisa R Gomes

et al.

Published: Nov. 7, 2023

Global economic and social burden was caused by the SARS-CoV-2 spread worldwide. Despite end of pandemic, there is a concern about virulent evolving variants virus which can bypass humoral immune response induced vaccination or infection. Crucial to viral entrance, amino acid residues in RBM region, interacts with cellular receptor ACE2, elicit neutralizing antibody response. Herein we determine immunogenicity one-dose heterologous dose vaccinated serum against wild-type mutated region. low RBM, omicron possess four mutations (S477N, T478K, E484A, F486V) that induce even less titers. The most predominant responses were IgA IgG. While antibodies (nAbs) predominantly target RBD, our investigation revealed diminished seroreactivity within RBD's crucial receptor-binding motif (RBM), potentially impacting production protective nAbs. S1WT S2WT peptides binding nAbs evaluated through microscale thermophoresis, higher affinity (35 nM) obtained for sequence (GSTPCNGVEGFNCYF), containing FNCY patch. Our data indicates not an immunodominant region individuals. Understanding intricate dynamics its interplay evolution host genetics essential formulation effective strategies, only but also future emerging coronaviruses.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Asymptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A possible role of platelet HLA class I expression level DOI
Rocco Cantisani, Adriano Spreafico,

Giuseppe Marotta

et al.

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 100(1)

Published: April 7, 2024

The data that support the findings of this study are available from corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Dynamics of T-cell responses following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and breakthrough infection in older adults DOI Creative Commons
Sneha Datwani, Rebecca Kalikawe, Francis Mwimanzi

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 16, 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction While older adults generally mount weaker antibody responses to a primary COVID-19 vaccine series, T-cell remain less well characterized in this population. We compared SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific after two- and three-dose mRNA vaccination subsequent breakthrough infection younger adults. Methods quantified CD4+ CD8+ T-cells reactive overlapping peptides spanning the ancestral spike protein 40 (median age 79) 50 health care workers 39), all naive, using an activation induced marker assay. were further assessed 24 participants, including 8 adults, who subsequently experienced their first infection. Results A third dose significantly boosted frequencies above two-dose levels did not differ between either dose. Multivariable analyses adjusting for sociodemographic, vaccine-related variables confirmed that was associated with impaired cellular responses. Instead, strongest predictors of post-third-dose corresponding post-second-dose frequencies. Breakthrough increased both T cell frequencies, comparable Exploratory revealed association HLA-A*02:03 higher post-vaccination which may be attributable numerous strong-binding HLA-A*02:03-specific epitopes spike. Conclusion Older robust vaccination, are following

Language: Английский

Citations

0