Microtubule-Mediated Wall Anisotropy Contributes to Leaf Blade Flattening

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(20), P. 3972 - 3985.e6

Published: Sept. 10, 2020

Plant organs can adopt a wide range of shapes, resulting from highly directional cell growth and divisions. We focus here on leaves leaf-like in Arabidopsis tomato, characterized by the formation thin, flat laminae. Combining experimental approaches with 3D mechanical modeling, we provide evidence that leaf shape depends cortical microtubule mediated cellulose deposition along main predicted stress orientations, particular, adaxial-abaxial axis internal walls. This behavior be explained feedback has potential to sustain even amplify preexisting degree flatness, which turn genes involved control organ polarity margin formation.

Language: Английский

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An inducible genome editing system for plants

Nature Plants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(7), P. 766 - 772

Published: June 29, 2020

Language: Английский

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SCHENGEN receptor module drives localized ROS production and lignification in plant roots

The EMBO Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 39(9)

Published: March 18, 2020

Article18 March 2020Open Access Transparent process SCHENGEN receptor module drives localized ROS production and lignification in plant roots Satoshi Fujita Corresponding Author [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-3514-3349 Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, University Lausanne, Switzerland Search for more papers by this author Damien De Bellis orcid.org/0000-0001-9480-7208 Electron Microscopy Facility, Kai H Edel Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany Philipp Köster Tonni Grube Andersen Emanuel Schmid-Siegert Vital-IT Competence Center, Swiss Institute Bioinformatics, Valérie Dénervaud Tendon Alexandre Pfister Peter Marhavý orcid.org/0000-0002-0178-2230 Robertas Ursache Verónica G Doblas orcid.org/0000-0002-5476-3228 Marie Barberon Jean Daraspe Audrey Creff Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS CNRS, INRAE, France Gwyneth Ingram Jörg Kudla Niko Geldner orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-9644 Information *,1,6, Bellis1,2, Edel3, Köster3,7, Andersen1,8, Schmid-Siegert4, Tendon1, Pfister1, Marhavý1,9, Ursache1, Doblas1,10, Barberon1,11, Daraspe2, Creff5, Ingram5, Kudla3 *,1 1Department 2Electron 3Institut 4Vital-IT 5Laboratoire 6Present address: National Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan 7Present Microbial Zurich, 8Present Max Planck Breeding Research, Cologne, 9Present Umeå Science Centre (UPSC), Forest Genetics Physiology, Swedish Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden 10Present Jean-Pierre Bourgin, AgroParisTech, Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 11Present Botany Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva, *Corresponding author. Tel: +81 55 981 6799; E-mail: +41 21 692 4192; The EMBO Journal (2020)39:e103894https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2019103894 PDFDownload PDF article text main figures. Peer ReviewDownload a summary the editorial decision including letters, reviewer comments responses to feedback. ToolsAdd favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyWechatReddit Figures & Info Abstract Production reactive oxygen species (ROS) NADPH oxidases (NOXs) impacts many processes animals plants, pathways involve rapid, NOX-dependent increases ROS. Yet, their general reactivity has made it challenging pinpoint precise role immediate molecular action A well-understood plants is provide co-substrate lignin peroxidases cell wall. Lignin can be deposited with exquisite spatial control, but underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. Here, we establish kinase signaling relay that exerts direct, control over within We show polar localization single component crucial pathway function. Our data indicate an intersection broadly components allows micrometer-scale precision system triggered through initiation as critical peroxidase co-substrate. Synopsis In establishment Casparian strip diffusion barrier root endodermis achieved spatially deposition lignin. asymmetrically SCHENGEN1 (SGN1) shown regulate formation via local induction ROS-dependent lignification. Polar SGN1, cytoplasmic anchored plasma membrane, determines accumulation endodermis. SGN1 transduces activation SGN3 CIF2 secreted peptide. locally activates at direct phosphorylation oxidases. CIF2-induced transcriptional changes scaffold compensatory repair upon defects. Introduction As animals, oxidase-produced important multitude number oxidase genes (10 Arabidopsis, called RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGs, RBOHs, A-J) suggests high complexity regulation plants. Among its roles, wall structure function considered among most (Kärkönen Kuchitsu, 2015). nano-structured, sugar-based, pressure-resisting extracellular matrix NOXs are thought predominant source compartment (also termed apoplast; Kärkönen staggering kinases been mechanism well established, especially response microbial pattern recognition immune receptors (Zipfel, 2014). However, specific targets during elusive (Qi al, 2017). same applies central tip growing cells, such hairs or pollen tubes, where part intricate oscillation stiffening loosening, aimed allowing expansion without catastrophic collapse (Monshausen 2007; Boisson-Dernier 2013). case, proposed counteracting loosening pH decreases, again unclear what would mediate stiffening. Cell apoplastic therefore well-established ROS, themselves "ROS targets", using oxidation mono-lignols (Liu, 2012; Barbosa 2019). case lignification, however, molecularly defined induces not defined. few years ago, our group identified oxidase, RBOHF, required (Lee poly-phenolic polymer generated radical coupling mono-lignols, oxidized peroxidases, laccases 2012). hydrophobic impregnates cellulosic rendering unextendible highly resistant degradation. central, longitudinal band around every endodermal cell. Named strips (CS), these ring-like structures fuse into supracellular network, establishing tissue-wide, (Fig 1A), analogous epithelial tight junctions (Geldner, 2013; Geldner, Functionality easily visualized block penetration fluorescent dye, propidium iodide, vasculature (Alassimone 2010; Naseer CS occurs CASPARIAN STRIP DOMAIN PROTEINS (CASPs), 4-TM proteins, which form scaffolded transmembrane protein platform, assembling RBOHF other proteins domain (CSD; Roppolo 2011; Hosmani Lee CSD coordinated aligned rings neighbors' fuse, leading network seals space between generating tissue-wide barrier. Figure 1. Apolar leads ectopic cells A. Schematic development (magenta). start appear centrally discontinuous dots layer, progressing fused functioning B. patterns surface median positions 100 nM (Casparian integrity factor 2) ligand treatment. (unmodified) walls stained Basic Fuchsin Calcofluor White, magenta white, respectively. Schematics indicating position optical sections 3D illustration. For each condition, least 10 were tested showed similar results two independent experiments. White arrows sites excess on cortex-facing (outer) side. Scale Bar = 5 μm. C, D. Localization SGN1-Citrine pCASP1::SGN1-Citrine lines wild-type (Col) different mutant backgrounds (sgn1, sgn3, cif1 cif2) (C). myrpalm-SGN1-Citrine pCASP1::myrpalm-SGN1-Citrine (D). (Basic Fuchsin) (Calcofluor White) experiment, three tested. From transgenic line, 2 from 12 observed representative pictures figure. (D) highlight pericycle-facing (inner) bars E. illustrating how signal governed peptide stele. Data information: "inner" designates stele-facing surface, "outer", surface. Download figure PowerPoint More recently, pair ligands, leucine-rich repeat receptor-like (LRR-RLK) kinase, whose phenotypes, genetic interaction, subcellular localizations led us propose they combine surveillance pathway. Previous reports had CIF1/2 (CASPARIAN INTEGRITY FACTORs 1/2) peptides SCHENGEN3 (SGN3) GASSHO1 (GSO1)) ligands govern (Pfister 2014; Alassimone 2016; 2017; Nakayama cif2 sgn1 sgn3 mutants similar, CS, caused CSD, conspicuous absence, strong attenuation, suberization (Hosmani Kamiya 2015; Kalmbach Li Their phenotypic similarities suggested factors act one CIF1 do express endodermis, formed, contrast, both present membrane; resides along sides while palmitoylated polarly localizes membranes 2016). Remarkably, overlaps only small region next side This require stele diffuse across order access complex. possible still permeable (Doblas Fig 1E). probe respond defects overlignification demonstrate receptor, connect pathway, great resemblance pathways, produce restricted importance stimulation additionally target further drive sustain sub-domain differentiation. thus circuitry endogenous stimulates causing precisely Results new cif1-2 cif2-2 double allele CRISPR-Cas9 pure Col background, because previous cif1-1 cif2-1 (Nakayama 2017) was mixture Ws alleles. CRISPR complemented application, PI (propidium iodide) uptake assays reconstitution CASP1 membrane connectivity EV1D E, Appendix S1A). Click here expand EV1. assay. Scoring after onset elongation until excluded inner total condition assays). box plot, boxes showing ranges first third quartiles, bold display median. Upper lower whiskers extend maximum minimum values no than 1.5 times IQR. Different letters significant statistical differences (P < 0.01, one-way ANOVA Tukey test). CASP1-mCherry, driven promoter, pCASP1::myrpalmSGN1-Citrine lines. crossed patterns. bar (WT, dead (KD)), myrpalm-SGN1 (WT KD), indicated line. Arrowheads spots shown. μm SGN1-Cit, pictures, 20 overview deposition. One-base insertion cif2-2. Red inserted bases locus. phenotype Seedlings germinated medium peptides. At five condition. Asterisks 40 Whole views suberin polar- apolar-SGN1 esb1 (enhanced 1) oversuberized mutant. 500 Quantification ratio suberized zones lengths statistically (n 16–36 roots, P constitutive defect Central model limit potential cortex requiring passage CIF 1A E). Consistently, application media, outside, causes edges 1B). attempt falsify interrogate localization, variant apolar fashion, adding myristoylation (myr) palmitoylation (palm) motifs N-terminus (Vermeer 2004). myrpalm SGN1-mCitrine (Citrine) expressed under endodermis-specific strongly active EV1A). planta, membranes, even though preferentially could 1C D). Both variants formed EV1B), did change when introgressed sgn1, An allow encounter also side, should lead absence defects, now able SGN3/SGN1 crossing Indeed, found both, precocious (Figs 1D EV1F G), previously described mutants. EV1A) and, consistently, CASP1-mCherry distribution normal lines, forming continuous indistinguishable wild type EV1B). indicates presence inside promoter-driven cause any 1C). Interestingly, accumulated mainly walls, opposed cortical treatment (compare 1B 1D, arrows). fully dependent ligand; mutants, 1D). mislocalized does become constitutively active, continuous, transduction signals SGN3. apolar, kinase-dead unable induce EV1C), suggesting downstream necessary CIF/SGN3 less sensitive doses externally applied peptide, consistent 2017), respect CIF-induced address whether indeed generally formation, evaluated complementation contrast full restoration integrity, neither nor 2A, While some degree rescue occurred, about 50% discontinuities rescued. corroborated testing functionality iodide (PI) Only weak grown 2B). functions CIFs/SGN3, suggest additional partially compensate probably homologs extended RLCKVII family belongs. 2. acts transducer phosphorylated holes per CASP1-GFP expression 5-day-old seedlings. IQR (interquartile range, distance quartiles). One-way performed followed Tukey's test. 0.05, test, Propidium assay CIF2. scored exclusion cells. During experiments, condition). [γ-32P]ATP radioactive vitro against SGN1. Autoradiograph top. Coomassie-stained gel below illustrates equal loading recombinant proteins. Note used avoid autophosphorylation activity Also note trigger represents very big tag protein, accounting migration TF-SGN1. Representative result experiments then carrying out Some members reported activated LRR (Lu Kim 2011). glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fused incubated (TF)-SGN1 fusion protein—which activity—in ATP. Kinase-dead TF-SGN1 efficiently domain, 2C, S1B). supports SGN3/CIF Two absolutely generation appears reconstituted functional second intriguing aspect manipulation observation almost exclusively 1D), must assumed present. External treatment, outer surprising correlation site sign

Language: Английский

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SUBERMAN regulates developmental suberization of the Arabidopsis root endodermis

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 102(3), P. 431 - 447

Published: Feb. 6, 2020

Root endodermis, the innermost cortical layer surrounding root vasculature, serves as foremost barrier to water, solutes, and nutrients taken up from soil. Endodermis functionality is achieved via its hydrophobic coating of lignified Casparian strips suberin lamellae; nonetheless regulatory mechanisms underlying endodermis suberization are still elusive. Here, we discovered that Arabidopsis SUBERMAN (SUB) transcription factor controls establishment lamellae. Transient expression SUB in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves resulted induction heterologous genes, accumulation suberin-type monomers, consequent deposition suberin-like We demonstrate exerts roles by transactivating promoters genes. In Arabidopsis, expressed patchy continuous endodermal cells, thus roots with higher or lower display altered polymer patterns modified composition. While these changes did not interfere strip formation they had a substantial effect on uptake capacity, resulting varied leaf ionomic phenotypes. Gene profiling revealed function impacts transcriptional networks associated suberin, phenylpropanoids, lignin, cuticular lipid biosynthesis, well transport activities, hormone signalling, cell wall modification. Our findings highlight regulator during normal development, characterization key step towards dissecting molecular partaking functionalities.

Language: Английский

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Bifacial cambium stem cells generate xylem and phloem during radial plant growth

Development, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 146(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

ABSTRACT A reduced rate of stem cell division is considered a widespread feature which ensures the integrity genetic information during somatic development plants and animals. Radial growth plant shoots roots cell-driven process that fundamental for mechanical physiological support enlarging bodies. In most dicotyledonous species, underlying niche, cambium, generates xylem inwards phloem outwards. Despite importance intriguing dynamics functional characterization its cells hampered by lack experimental tools accessing distinct cambium sub-domains. Here, we use hypocotyl Arabidopsis thaliana to map activity in proliferating cambium. Through pulse labeling genetically encoded lineage tracing, find single bifacial both lineages. This characterized specific combination PXY (TDR), SMXL5 WOX4 gene high comparison with tissue-specific progenitors. Our analysis provides cellular fate radial growth, suggests quiescence not general prerequisite life-long tissue production. article has an associated ‘The people behind papers’ interview.

Language: Английский

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