Melatonin and Phytomelatonin: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Distribution and Bioactivity in Plants and Animals—An Overview

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(18), P. 9996 - 9996

Published: Sept. 16, 2021

Melatonin is a ubiquitous indolamine, largely investigated for its key role in the regulation of several physiological processes both animals and plants. In last century, it was reported that this molecule may be produced high concentrations by species belonging to plant kingdom stored specialized tissues. review, main information related chemistry melatonin metabolism has been summarized. Furthermore, biosynthetic pathway characteristics animal cells have compared, differences between two systems highlighted. Additionally, order investigate distribution indolamine kingdom, cluster analysis performed using database composed 47 previously published articles reporting content different families, Finally, potential pharmacological biostimulant benefits derived from administration exogenous on or plants via intake dietary supplements application formulation discussed.

Language: Английский

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Phytomelatonin: an unexpected molecule with amazing performances in plants

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 73(17), P. 5779 - 5800

Published: Jan. 12, 2022

Phytomelatonin, a multifunctional molecule that has been found to be present in all plants examined date, an important role as modulatory agent (a biostimulator) improves plant tolerance both biotic and abiotic stress. We review of phytomelatonin considers its roles metabolism particular interactions with hormone network. In the primary plants, melatonin rate efficiency photosynthesis, well related factors such stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, Rubisco activity. It also shown down-regulate some senescence transcription factors. Melatonin up-regulates many enzyme transcripts carbohydrates (including sucrose starch), amino acids, lipid metabolism, optimizing N, P, S uptake. With respect secondary clear increases polyphenol, glucosinolate, terpenoid, alkaloid contents have described numerous melatonin-treated plants. Generally, most genes these biosynthesis pathways up-regulated by melatonin. The great regulatory capacity is result control redox networks. acts master regulator, up-/down-regulating different levels signalling, key player homeostasis. counteract diverse critical situations pathogen infections stresses, provide varying degrees tolerance. propose possible future applications for crop improvement post-harvest product preservation.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin-Mediated Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 9, 2022

Melatonin is a multi-functional molecule that ubiquitous in all living organisms. performs essential roles plant stress tolerance; its application can reduce the harmful effects of abiotic stresses. Plant melatonin biosynthesis, which usually occurs within chloroplasts, and related metabolic pathways have been extensively characterized. regulates responses by directly inhibiting accumulation reactive oxygen nitrogen species, indirectly affecting response pathways. In this review, we summarize recent research concerning metabolism, antioxidation; focus on melatonin-mediated tolerance to stresses including drought, waterlogging, salt, heat, cold, heavy metal toxicity, light others. We also examine exogenous treatment plants under stress. Finally, discuss future perspectives applications plants.

Language: Английский

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Functions and prospects of melatonin in plant growth, yield, and quality

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 73(17), P. 5928 - 5946

Published: May 30, 2022

Abstract Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an indole molecule widely found in animals and plants. It well known that melatonin improves plant resistance to various biotic abiotic stresses due its potent free radical scavenging ability while being able modulate signaling response pathways through mostly unknown mechanisms. In recent years, increasing number of studies have shown plays a crucial role improving crop quality yield by participating the regulation aspects growth development. Here, we review effects on vegetative reproductive development, systematically summarize molecular regulatory network. Moreover, effective concentrations exogenously applied different crops or at stages same are analysed. addition, compare endogenous phytomelatonin organs, evaluate potential function circadian rhythms. The prospects approaches regulating exogenous application appropriate melatonin, modification metabolism-related genes, use nanomaterials other technologies improve utilization efficiency also discussed.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Tryptophan Metabolites in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(17), P. 9968 - 9968

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

In recent decades, neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar, etc., have become a global health concern, causing various detrimental influences on patients. Tryptophan is an important amino acid that plays indisputable role in several physiological processes, including neuronal function and immunity. Tryptophan’s metabolism process the human body occurs using different pathways, kynurenine serotonin pathways. Furthermore, other biologically active components, serotonin, melatonin, niacin, are by-products of Current evidence suggests functional imbalance synthesis metabolites causes appearance pathophysiologic mechanisms leads to diseases. This review summarizes pharmacological tryptophan its development disorders. addition, quantification following neurotransmitters precursor highlighted. Eventually, efficiency biomarkers inflammatory, protein, electrophysiological, genetic, proteomic diagnosis/treatment was discussed understand biomarker application detection/treatment

Language: Английский

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Phytomelatonin: A key regulator of redox and phytohormones signaling against biotic/abiotic stresses

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 64, P. 102805 - 102805

Published: June 30, 2023

Plants being sessile in nature, are exposed to unwarranted threats as a result of constantly changing environmental conditions. These adverse factors can have negative impacts on their growth, development, and yield. Hormones key signaling molecules enabling cells respond rapidly different external internal stimuli. In plants, melatonin (MT) plays critical role the integration various signals activation stress-response networks develop defense mechanisms plant resilience. Additionally, tackle stress-induced alteration cellular redox equilibrium by regulating expression hemostasis-related genes proteins. The purpose this article is compile summarize scientific research pertaining MT's effects plants' resilience biotic abiotic stresses. Here, we summarized that MT exerts synergistic effect with other phytohormones, for instance, ethylene, jasmonic acid, salicylic activates defense-related against phytopathogens. Furthermore, interacts secondary messengers like Ca2+, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species regulate network. This interaction triggers transcription alleviate stress-related responses plants. Hence, synergic diverse hormones demonstrates phytomelatonin's importance influencing multiple contribute harsh factors.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary formation of melatonin and vitamin D in early life forms: insects take centre stage

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(5), P. 1772 - 1790

Published: April 30, 2024

Melatonin, a product of tryptophan metabolism via serotonin, is molecule with an indole backbone that widely produced by bacteria, unicellular eukaryotic organisms, plants, fungi and all animal taxa. Aside from its role in the regulation circadian rhythms, it has diverse biological actions including cytoprotective responses other functions crucial for survival across different species. The latter properties are also shared metabolites kynuric products generated reactive oxygen species or phototransfomation induced ultraviolet radiation. Vitamins D related photoproducts originate phototransformation ∆5,7 sterols, which 7-dehydrocholesterol ergosterol examples. Their bonds B ring absorb solar radiation [290-315 nm, (UVB) radiation] resulting opening to produce previtamin D, referred as secosteroid. Once formed, can either undergo thermal-induced isomerization vitamin UVB be transformed into lumisterol tachysterol. Vitamin well tachysterol, hydroxylated cyochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes biologically active hydroxyderivatives. best known these 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin (1,25(OH)

Language: Английский

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Melatonin as a key regulator in seed germination under abiotic stress

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 76(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Seed germination (SG) is the first stage in a plant's life and has an immense importance sustaining crop production. Abiotic stresses reduce SG by increasing deterioration of seed quality, reducing potential, vigor. Thus, to achieve sustainable level yield, it important improve under abiotic stress conditions. Melatonin (MEL) biomolecule that interplays developmental processes regulates many adaptive responses plants, especially stresses. this review specifically summarizes discusses mechanistic basis MEL‐mediated MEL regulating some stress‐specific common responses. For instance, induced specific include regulation ionic homeostasis, hydrolysis storage proteins salinity stress, C‐repeat binding factors signaling cold starch metabolism high temperature heavy metal activation aquaporins accumulation osmolytes drought stress. On other hand, mediated gibberellins biosynthesis abscisic acid catabolism, redox Ca 2+ are amongst Nonetheless such as endogenous contents, plant species, growth conditions also influence above‐mentioned In conclusion, interacting with different physiological mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin—Angel of Plant Growth Regulation and Protection

Advanced Agrochem, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Melatonin inhibits seed germination by crosstalk with abscisic acid, gibberellin, and auxin in Arabidopsis

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 70(4)

Published: April 3, 2021

Abstract Seed germination, an important developmental stage in the life cycle of seed plants, is regulated by complex signals. Melatonin a signaling molecule associated with germination under stressful conditions, although underlying regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we showed that low concentration (10 µM or 100 µM) melatonin had no effect on but when increased to 500 1000 µM, was significantly inhibited Arabidopsis. RNA sequencing analysis correlated phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), and auxin. Further investigation revealed ABA synergistically while GA auxin antagonized inhibitory melatonin. Disruption biosynthesis enzyme gene serotonin N‐acetyltransferase ( SNAT ) N‐acetylserotonin methyltransferase ASMT promoted overexpression germination. Taken together, our study sheds new light function mechanism modulating

Language: Английский

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