Breathing matters

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. 351 - 367

Published: May 8, 2018

Language: Английский

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The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus: Central Chemoreceptor and Regulator of Breathing Automaticity

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 42(11), P. 807 - 824

Published: Oct. 18, 2019

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary study and structural basis of proton sensing by Mus GPR4 and Xenopus GPR4

Cell, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Brain metabolic sensing and metabolic signaling at the level of an astrocyte

Glia, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 66(6), P. 1185 - 1199

Published: Dec. 23, 2017

Abstract Astrocytes support neuronal function by providing essential structural and nutritional support, neurotransmitter trafficking recycling may also contribute to brain information processing. In this article we review published results report new data suggesting that astrocytes as versatile metabolic sensors of central nervous system (CNS) milieu play an important role in the maintenance homeostasis. We discuss anatomical functional features allow them detect respond changes parenchymal levels substrates (oxygen glucose), waste products (carbon dioxide). are sensitive circulating endocrine signals—hormones like ghrelin, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 leptin, have a major impact on CNS mechanisms controlling food intake energy balance. signaling mediate communication between neurons consider how these recruited activated response various challenges. experimental modulate activities respiratory autonomic networks ensure adaptive breathing sympathetic drive order physiological behavioral demands organism ever‐changing environmental conditions. Finally, evidence altered astroglial pathogenesis disparate neurological, cardiovascular disorders such Rett syndrome systemic arterial hypertension.

Language: Английский

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Central pattern generators in the brainstem and spinal cord: an overview of basic principles, similarities and differences

Reviews in the Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 30(2), P. 107 - 164

Published: Dec. 13, 2018

Central pattern generators (CPGs) are generally defined as networks of neurons capable enabling the production central commands, specifically controlling stereotyped, rhythmic motor behaviors. Several CPGs localized in brainstem and spinal cord areas have been shown to underlie expression complex behaviors such deglutition, mastication, respiration, defecation, micturition, ejaculation, locomotion. Their pivotal roles clearly demonstrated although their organization cellular properties remain incompletely characterized. In recent years, insightful findings about made mainly because (1) several complementary animal models were developed; (2) these enabled a wide variety techniques be used and, hence, plethora characteristics discovered; (3) organizations, functions, cell across all species studied thus far found well-preserved phylogenetically. This article aims at providing an overview for non-experts most important on vivo models, vitro preparations from invertebrate vertebrate well primates. Data CPG adaptation, organization, will summarized with special attention paid network locomotion given its advanced level characterization compared some other CPGs. Similarities differences between also highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy: Central Respiratory Chemoreception

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 1598 - 1598

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a critical concern for individuals suffering from epilepsy, with respiratory dysfunction playing significant role its pathology. Fatal seizures are often characterized by central apnea and hypercapnia (elevated CO2 levels), indicating failure ventilatory control. Research has shown that both human patients animal models exhibit reduced hypercapnic response the interictal (non-seizure) period, suggesting an impaired ability to regulate breathing high levels. This review examines of chemoreceptors-specifically retrotrapezoid nucleus, raphe nuclei, nucleus tractus solitarius, locus coeruleus, hypothalamus this These structures sensing maintaining homeostasis. Emerging evidence also implicates neuropeptidergic pathways within these chemoreceptive regions SUDEP. Neuropeptides like galanin, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), orexin, somatostatin, bombesin-like peptides may modulate chemosensitivity function, potentially exacerbating during seizures. Understanding mechanisms linking chemoreception, control, signaling essential developing targeted interventions reduce risk SUDEP patients.

Language: Английский

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Neuromedin B Expression Defines the Mouse Retrotrapezoid Nucleus

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 37(48), P. 11744 - 11757

Published: Oct. 24, 2017

The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) consists, by definition, of Phox2b-expressing, glutamatergic, non-catecholaminergic, noncholinergic neurons located in the parafacial region medulla oblongata. An unknown proportion RTN are central respiratory chemoreceptors and there is mounting evidence for biochemical diversity among these cells. Here, we used multiplexed situ hybridization single-cell RNA-Seq male female mice to provide a more comprehensive view phenotypic neurons. We now demonstrate that can be identified with single specific marker, Neuromedin B mRNA ( Nmb ). Most (∼75%) express low-to-moderate levels display chemoreceptor properties. Namely they activated hypercapnia, but not hypoxia, proton sensors, TASK-2 Gpr4. These -low also varying transcripts Gal , Penk Adcyap1 receptors substance P, orexin, serotonin, ATP. A subset (∼20–25%), typically larger than average, very high mRNA. -high do Fos after hypercapnia have low-to-undetectable Kcnk5 or Gpr4 transcripts; essentially devoid transcripts. In rats, marker but, unlike mice, this gene expressed other types nearby within ventromedial medulla. sum, selective rodents; neurons, vast majority, chemoreceptors, whereas likely functions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Central regulate arterial PCO 2 adjusting lung ventilation. Such cells recently been (RTN), brainstem defined genetic lineage cumbersome combination markers. Using hybridization, show here ), identifies rodents. suggest >75% because strongly sensors low Kcnk5/Gpr4/pre-pro-galanin/pre-pro-enkephalin respond hypercapnia. Their function unknown.

Language: Английский

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Simultaneous assessment of central and peripheral chemoreflex regulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity and ventilation in healthy young men

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 597(13), P. 3281 - 3296

Published: May 14, 2019

Central chemoreceptor stimulation, by hypercapnia (acidosis), and peripheral, hypoxia plus hypercapnia, evoke reflex increases in ventilation sympathetic outflow. The assumption that central or peripheral chemoreceptor-mediated activation elicited when PCO2 parallels concurrent ventilatory responses is unproven. Applying a modified rebreathing protocol equilibrates whilst clamping O2 tension at either hypoxic hyperoxic concentrations, the independent muscle stimulus-response properties of chemoreflexes were quantified compared young men. novel findings to chemoreflex stimulation are initiated similar recruitment thresholds but individual specific responsiveness cannot be predicted from sensitivities reflex. Such men, if replicated heart failure hypertension, should temper present enthusiasm for trials targeting based solely on non-specific stimulation.In humans, reflexes assumed equivalent responses. We evaluated whether CO2 ( ) Twelve healthy men performed designed equilibrate tensions with end-tidal PETCO2 two isoxic PO2 PETO2 such can segregated, hyperoxia, net response (hypoxia minus hyperoxia). Ventilation nerve activity (MSNA) recorded continuously during 150 50 mmHg. During rebreathing, values which (L min-1 total MSNA (units) began rise identified thresholds) their slopes above threshold determined (sensitivity). (46 ± 3 mmHg) (45 4 did not differ (P = 0.55) 2.3 0.9 L mmHg-1 2.1 1.5 units , respectively. thresholds, 41 mmHg both lower < 0.05) thresholds. Peripheral sensitivity was 1.7 0.1 2.9 2.6 MSNA. There no relationship between (r2 0.01, P 0.76) 0.73) chemoreflex. In does predict

Language: Английский

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Respiratory Network Stability and Modulatory Response to Substance P Require Nalcn

Neuron, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 94(2), P. 294 - 303.e4

Published: April 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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High ventilation breathwork practices: An overview of their effects, mechanisms, and considerations for clinical applications

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 155, P. 105453 - 105453

Published: Nov. 2, 2023

High Ventilation Breathwork (HVB) refers to practices employing specific volitional manipulation of breathing, with a long history use relieve various forms psychological distress. This paper seeks offer consolidative insight into potential clinical application HVB as treatment psychiatric disorders. We thus review the characteristic phenomenological and neurophysiological effects these inform their mechanism therapeutic action, safety profiles future applications. Clinical observations data from studies indicate that is associated extraordinary changes in subjective experience, well profound on central autonomic nervous systems functions through modulation neurometabolic parameters interoceptive sensory systems. growing evidence base may guide how can be understood, potentially harnessed context such perturbation psychophysiological state. Reports putative beneficial for trauma-related, affective, somatic disorders invite further research obtain detailed mechanistic knowledge, rigorous testing uses.

Language: Английский

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