Oxidative Stress and Diseases Associated with High-Altitude Exposure

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 267 - 267

Published: Jan. 28, 2022

Several diseases associated with high-altitude exposure affect unacclimated individuals. These include acute mountain sickness (AMS), cerebral edema (HACE), pulmonary (HAPE), chronic (CMS), and, notably, hypertension (HAPH), which can eventually lead to right ventricle hypertrophy and heart failure. The development of these pathologies involves different molecules molecular pathways that might be related oxidative stress. Studies have shown acute, intermittent, hypobaric hypoxia induce stress, causing alterations cellular components (lipids, proteins, DNA). Therefore, the aim this review is discuss involved in diseases. In summary, all are as indicated by increases malondialdehyde (MDA) biomarker decreases superoxide dismutase (SOD) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) antioxidant activity. addition, CMS, levels 8-iso-PGF2α H2O2 increased, evidence strongly indicates an increase Nox4 activity HAPH. treatments seem a promising approach mitigating pathologies.

Language: Английский

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Altitude illnesses

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: June 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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Cognitive impairment caused by hypoxia: from clinical evidences to molecular mechanisms

Metabolic Brain Disease, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(1), P. 51 - 66

Published: Oct. 7, 2021

Language: Английский

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Effects of Long-Term Exposure to High Altitude Hypoxia on Cognitive Function and Its Mechanism: A Narrative Review

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 808 - 808

Published: June 20, 2022

Cognitive function is affected by low pressure and hypoxia in high-altitude environments, regulated altitude exposure time. With the economic development Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, increase work study activities, as well of plateau tourism, mountaineering, other number immigrants increasing daily. Long-term challenges human physical mental health, restricts efficiency, thus affects wellbeing. Therefore, it scientific social significance to how long-term hypoxic environment health lowlanders part ongoing current region. In this paper, we reviewed research progress mechanism effects (≥1 year) (>2500 m) on cognitive lowlanders, suggested that scope sample size should be expanded future, follow-up studies carried out explore time threshold impairment its compensatory or repair mechanism.

Language: Английский

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High-Altitude Erythrocytosis: Mechanisms of Adaptive and Maladaptive Responses

Physiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(4), P. 175 - 186

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Erythrocytosis, or increased production of red blood cells, is one the most well-documented physiological traits that varies within and among in high-altitude populations. Although a modest increase O 2 -carrying capacity may be beneficial for life highland environments, erythrocytosis can also become excessive lead to maladaptive syndromes such as chronic mountain sickness (CMS).

Language: Английский

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The effects of long-term high-altitude exposure on cognition: A meta-analysis

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 161, P. 105682 - 105682

Published: April 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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Curculigoside facilitates fear extinction and prevents depression-like behaviors in a mouse learned helplessness model through increasing hippocampal BDNF

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 40(10), P. 1269 - 1278

Published: April 26, 2019

Language: Английский

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The interactive effects of acute exercise and hypoxia on cognitive performance: A narrative review

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 30(3), P. 384 - 398

Published: Oct. 12, 2019

Acute moderate intensity exercise has been shown to improve cognitive performance. In contrast, hypoxia is believed impair The detrimental effects of on performance are primarily dependent the severity and duration exposure. this review, we describe how acute under alters performance, propose that combined mainly determined by interaction among duration, hypoxia, exposure hypoxia. We discuss physiological mechanism(s) suggest alterations in neurotransmitter function, cerebral blood flow, possibly metabolism primary candidates determine when with Furthermore, acclimatization appears counteract impaired during prolonged although precise responsible for amelioration remain be elucidated. This review implications sporting, occupational, recreational activities at terrestrial high altitude where essential. Further studies required understand mechanisms performed

Language: Английский

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Role of brain renin–angiotensin system in depression: A new perspective

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(4)

Published: Nov. 12, 2023

Abstract Depression is a mood disorder characterized by abnormal thoughts. The pathophysiology of depression related to the deficiency serotonin (5HT), which derived from tryptophan (Trp). Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are involved in pathogenesis depression. Notably, renin–angiotensin system (RAS) depression, different findings revealed that angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may be effective However, underlying mechanism for role dysregulated brain RAS‐induced remains speculative. Therefore, this review aimed revise conceivable ACEIs ARBs how these agents ameliorate Dysregulation RAS triggers development progression through reduction 5HT expression brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induction mitochondrial neuroinflammation. inhibition central classical ARBS activation non‐classical prevent regulating 5HT, BDNF,

Language: Английский

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Severe hypoxaemic hypercapnia compounds cerebral oxidative–nitrosative stress during extreme apnoea: Implications for cerebral bioenergetic function

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 602(21), P. 5659 - 5684

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Abstract We examined the extent to which apnoea‐induced extremes of oxygen demand/carbon dioxide production impact redox regulation cerebral bioenergetic function. Ten ultra‐elite apnoeists (six men and four women) performed two maximal dry apnoeas preceded by normoxic normoventilation, resulting in severe end‐apnoea hypoxaemic hypercapnia, hyperoxic hyperventilation designed ablate hypoxaemia, hyperoxaemic hypercapnia. Transcerebral exchange ascorbate radicals (by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy) nitric oxide metabolites tri‐iodide chemiluminescence) were calculated as product global blood flow duplex ultrasound) radial arterial (a) internal jugular venous (v) concentration gradients. Apnoea duration increased from 306 ± 62 s during hypercapnia 959 201 ( P ≤ 0.001). generally (all 0.001) but was insufficient prevent a reduction metabolic rates glucose = 0.015–0.044). This associated with general net output (v > a) that greater 0.046 vs . hypercapnia) coincided selective suppression plasma nitrite uptake (a v) 0.034 <0.001 hypercapnia), implying reduced consumption delivery consistent elevated oxidative–nitrosative stress. In contrast, we failed observe equidirectional gradients S ‐nitrosohaemoglobin ‐nitrosothiol apnoea ≥ 0.05). Collectively, these findings highlight key catalytic role for image Key points Local sampling across circulation determined (prior normoventilation) hyperventilation) free radical‐mediated bioavailability suppressed consumption, thereby reducing The elevation glucose. Cerebral stress compared lower flow, highlighting hypoxaemia. applied model voluntary human asphyxia might have broader implications management treatment neurological diseases characterized demand carbon production.

Language: Английский

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