Exercise intensity assessment and prescription in cardiovascular rehabilitation and beyond: why and how: a position statement from the Secondary Prevention and Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 230 - 245

Published: Jan. 9, 2021

A proper determination of the exercise intensity is important for rehabilitation patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) since it affects effectiveness and medical safety training. In 2013, European Association Preventive Cardiology (EAPC), together American Cardiovascular Pulmonary Rehabilitation Canadian Cardiac Rehabilitation, published a position statement on aerobic assessment prescription in (CR). Since this publication, many subsequent papers were concerning CR, which some controversies revealed commonly applied concepts further refined. Moreover, how to determine during resistance training was not covered paper. light these new findings, an update CVD mandatory, both exercises. EAPC paper, will be explained detail objective subjective methods CR exist training, their (dis)advantages practical applications.

Language: Английский

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Lactate as a myokine and exerkine: drivers and signals of physiology and metabolism

Journal of Applied Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 134(3), P. 529 - 548

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

No longer viewed as a metabolic waste product and cause of muscle fatigue, contemporary view incorporates the roles lactate in metabolism, sensing signaling normal well pathophysiological conditions. Lactate exists millimolar concentrations muscle, blood, other tissues can rise more than an order magnitude result increased production clearance limitations. exerts its powerful driver-like influence by mass action, redox change, allosteric binding, mechanisms described this article. Depending on condition, such during rest exercise, following carbohydrate nutrition, injury, or pathology, serve myokine exerkine with autocrine-, paracrine-, endocrine-like functions that have important basic translational implications. For instance, is: involved reproductive biology, fueling heart, adaptation, brain executive function, growth development, treatment for inflammatory also works many factors controlling cardiac output pulmonary ventilation exercise. Ironically, be disruptive processes insulin secretion when insertion transporters into pancreatic β-cell membranes is not suppressed, carcinogenesis suppress are inhibited, whereas promote upregulated. areas intermediary mitochondrial biogenesis, neurobiology, gut physiology, appetite regulation, overall health vigor. The various reviewed.NEW & NOTEWORTHY relatively new rapidly changing field. As physiological signal both independently concert signals. operates via covalent binding canonical signaling, lactylation DNA. element feedback loops cardiopulmonary regulation. From conception through aging only exerkine, but it certainly deserves consideration signal.

Language: Английский

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Variability in exercise tolerance and physiological responses to exercise prescribed relative to physiological thresholds and to maximum oxygen uptake

Experimental Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 108(4), P. 581 - 594

Published: Jan. 29, 2023

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine whether the variability in exercise tolerance and physiological responses is lower when prescribed relative thresholds (THR) compared traditional intensity anchors (TRAD). Ten individuals completed a series maximal tests moderate (MOD), heavy (HVY) severe (HIIT) bouts using THR (critical power gas exchange threshold) TRAD (maximum oxygen uptake; ). There were no differences or acute response between MOD . All HVY but only 30% Compared , where work rates all below critical power, exceeded 70% individuals. was, however, difference HIIT 20% peak ( F = 0.274) average 0.318) blood lactate W′ depletion (the finite capacity above power) after final interval bout 0.305). Using prescribe reduced heterogeneity spanning boundary domains. To increase precision prescription, it recommended that, possible, are used place

Language: Английский

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Muscle Oximetry in Sports Science: An Updated Systematic Review

Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 54(4), P. 975 - 996

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Abstract Background In the last 5 years since our systematic review, a significant number of articles have been published on technical aspects muscle near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), interpretation signals and benefits using NIRS technique to measure physiological status muscles determine workload working muscles. Objectives Considering consistent studies application oximetry in sports science over years, objectives this updated review were highlight applications assessment skeletal oxidative performance activities emphasize how technology has applied exercise training years. addition, some recent instrumental developments will be briefly summarized. Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines followed fashion search, appraise synthesize existing literature topic. Electronic databases such as Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed SPORTDiscus searched from March 2017 up 2023. Potential inclusions screened against eligibility criteria relating recreationally trained elite athletes, with or without programmes, who must assessed variables monitored by commercial oximeters instrumentation. Results Of identified records, 191 regrouping 3435 participants, met criteria. This highlighted key findings 37 domains sport activities. Overall, information can used meaningful marker capacity become one primary monitoring tools practice conjunction with, comparison heart rate mechanical power indices diverse contexts across different types interventions. Conclusions Although feasibility success use is well documented, there still need further development overcome current limitations. Longitudinal are urgently needed strengthen science.

Language: Английский

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Identification of Non-Invasive Exercise Thresholds: Methods, Strategies, and an Online App

Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 52(2), P. 237 - 255

Published: Oct. 25, 2021

Language: Английский

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Lactate in contemporary biology: a phoenix risen

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 600(5), P. 1229 - 1251

Published: Feb. 10, 2021

Abstract After a century, it's time to turn the page on understanding of lactate metabolism and appreciate that shuttling is an important component intermediary in vivo . Cell‐cell intracellular shuttles fulfil purposes energy substrate production distribution, as well cell signalling under fully aerobic conditions. Recognition came first studies physical exercise where roles driver (producer) recipient (consumer) cells tissues were obvious. Moreover, presence part postprandial glucose disposal satiety has been recognized. Mitochondrial respiration creates physiological sink for Repeated exposure from regular results adaptive processes such mitochondrial biogenesis other healthful circulatory neurological characteristics improved work capacity, metabolic flexibility, learning, memory. The importance living further emphasized when are dysregulated occurs particular illnesses injuries. Like phoenix, risen major 21st century biology. image

Language: Английский

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The Importance of ‘Durability’ in the Physiological Profiling of Endurance Athletes

Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 51(8), P. 1619 - 1628

Published: April 22, 2021

Language: Английский

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The Role of Acidosis in the Pathogenesis of Severe Forms of COVID-19

Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. 852 - 852

Published: Aug. 31, 2021

COVID-19 has specific characteristics that distinguish this disease from many other infections. We suggest the pathogenesis of severe forms can be associated with acidosis. This review article discusses several mechanisms potentially linking damaging effects acidosis and shows existence a vicious cycle between development hypoxia in patients. At early stages disease, inflammation, difficulty gas exchange lungs thrombosis collectively contribute to onset In accordance Verigo-Bohr effect, decrease blood pH leads oxygen saturation, which contributes exacerbation results deterioration patient’s condition. A also cause conformational changes S-protein virus thus lead affinity avidity protective antibodies. Hypoxia dysregulation immune system multidirectional pro- anti-inflammatory reactions, resulting “cytokine storm”. review, we highlight potential importance supporting normal as an approach therapy.

Language: Английский

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Power profiling and the power-duration relationship in cycling: a narrative review

European Journal of Applied Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 122(2), P. 301 - 316

Published: Oct. 27, 2021

Abstract Emerging trends in technological innovations, data analysis and practical applications have facilitated the measurement of cycling power output field, leading to improvements training prescription, performance testing race analysis. This review aimed critically reflect on profiling strategies association with power-duration relationship cycling, provide an updated view for applied researchers practitioners. The authors elaborate measuring followed by outline methodological approaches profiling. Moreover, deriving a section presents existing concepts models alongside exercise intensity domains. Combining laboratory field discusses how traditional can be combined inform individualize approach. Deriving parameters modelling suggests these measures obtained from testing, including criteria ensuring high ecological validity (e.g. rider specialization, demands). It is recommended that should always conducted accordance pre-established guidelines literature set number prediction trials, inter-trial recovery, road gradient analysis). also avoid single effort such as functional threshold power. Power-duration parameter estimates derived 2 linear or non-linear critical model: P ( t ) = W ′/ + CP ′—work capacity above CP; —time). Structured included obtain accurate fingerprint cyclist’s profile.

Language: Английский

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Endocrine responses of the stress system to different types of exercise

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 251 - 266

Published: Oct. 15, 2022

Physical activity is an important part of human lifestyle although a large percentage the population remains sedentary. Exercise represents stress paradigm in which many regulatory endocrine systems are involved to achieve homeostasis. These adaptive responses may be either beneficial or harmful case they exceed certain threshold. The aim this review examine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), catecholamines, cytokines, growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) single bout regular exercise three distinct types exercise, namely endurance, high-intensity interval (HIIE) resistance exercise. In summary, endurance induces cortisol increase, while exercise-induced activation HPA results relatively increased basal cortisolemia; induce similar GH peak responses; HIIE training lowers concentrations, catecholamine response reduced compared with HIIE. depends on intensity volume A characterized by mild stimulation elderly attenuated inflammatory decreased resting cytokine concentrations. conclusion, it consider type what threshold suitable for different target groups exercising people. This approach intends suggest appropriate health disease subsequently introduce them as medical prescription models.

Language: Английский

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