An Examination and Critique of Subjective Methods to Determine Exercise Intensity: The Talk Test, Feeling Scale, and Rating of Perceived Exertion

Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52(9), P. 2085 - 2109

Published: May 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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Tracing the lactate shuttle to the mitochondrial reticulum

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 54(9), P. 1332 - 1347

Published: Sept. 8, 2022

Abstract Isotope tracer infusion studies employing lactate, glucose, glycerol, and fatty acid isotope tracers were central to the deduction demonstration of Lactate Shuttle at whole-body level. In concert with ability perform tissue metabolite concentration measurements, as well determinations unidirectional net exchanges by means arterial–venous difference (a-v) blood flow measurements across beds including skeletal muscle, heart brain, lactate shuttling within organs tissues was made evident. From an extensive body work on men women, resting or exercising, before after endurance training, sea level high altitude, we now know that Organ–Organ, Cell–Cell, Intracellular Shuttles operate continuously. By shuttling, fuel-energy substrates can be exchanged between producer (driver) cells, such those in consumer (recipient) heart, liver kidneys. Within tissues, white red fibers a muscle bed astrocytes neurons brain. cytosol mitochondria peroxisomes. driver recipient cells depends gradients created mitochondrial respiratory apparatus for oxidative disposal lactate.

Language: Английский

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Exercise improves cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation in mice through Histone H3 lactylation in microglia

Immunity & Ageing, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Nov. 17, 2023

Abstract Background Exercise is postulated to be a promising non-pharmacological intervention for the improvement of neurodegenerative disease pathology. However, mechanism beneficial effects exercise on brain remains further explored. In this study, we investigated effect an exercise-induced metabolite, lactate, microglia phenotype and its association with learning memory. Results Microglia were hyperactivated in brains AlCl 3 /D-gal-treated mice, which was associated cognitive decline. Running ameliorated hyperactivation increased anti-inflammatory/reparative improved cognition. Mice injected intraperitoneally sodium lactate (NaLA) had similar as that training. Exogenous NaLA addition cultured BV2 cells promoted their transition from pro-inflammatory reparative phenotype. Conclusion The elevated acted “accelerator” endogenous “lactate timer” promoting polarization balance through lactylation. These findings demonstrate accelerates phenotypic microglia, plays key role reducing neuroinflammation improving function.

Language: Английский

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Heart Rate Variability-Derived Thresholds for Exercise Intensity Prescription in Endurance Sports: A Systematic Review of Interrelations and Agreement with Different Ventilatory and Blood Lactate Thresholds

Sports Medicine - Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: July 18, 2023

Exercise intensities are prescribed using specific intensity zones (moderate, heavy, and severe) determined by a 'lower' 'higher' threshold. Typically, ventilatory (VT) or blood lactate thresholds (LT), critical power/speed concepts (CP/CS) used. Various heart rate variability-derived (HRVTs) different HRV indices may constitute applicable alternatives, but systematic review of the proximity HRVTs to established threshold is lacking.This aims provide an overview studies that during endurance exercise in healthy adults comparison with reference VT and/or LT concept.A literature search for determining individuals comparing them VTs LTs was conducted Scopus, PubMed Web Science (until January 2022). Studies claiming describe similar physiological boundaries delineate moderate from heavy (HRVTlow vs. VTlow LTlow), severe zone (HRVThigh VThigh LThigh) were grouped their results synthesized.Twenty-seven included (461 participants) showed mean difference relative HR between HRVTlow - 0.6%bpm weighted means 0.02%bpm LTlow. Bias at 1 bpm (limits agreement (LoA): 10.9 12.8 bpm) 2.7 (LoA: 20.4 25.8 Mean HRVThigh 0.3%bpm 2.9%bpm LThigh while bias 4 17.9 9.9 2.5 12.1 17.1 LThigh.HRVTlow seems be promising approach determination comparable potentially compared VThigh, although latter needs further empirical evaluation. LoA both indicates on individual level. Taken together, can alternative prescribing healthy, male athletes undertaking activities due heterogeneity study design, concepts, standardization, lack female participants, research necessary draw more robust nuanced conclusions.

Language: Английский

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Effect of the Fran CrossFit Workout on Oxygen Uptake Kinetics, Energetics, and Postexercise Muscle Function in Trained CrossFitters

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 299 - 306

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Fran is one of the most popular CrossFit benchmark workouts used to control CrossFitters' improvements. Detailed physiological characterization needed for a more specific evaluation training performance The aim study was analyze oxygen uptake (V˙O2) kinetics and characterize energy system contributions degree postexercise fatigue unbroken Fran.

Language: Английский

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Blood Lactate as a Metabolic Biomarker of Anaerobic Vocal Capacity: A Pilot Study

Journal of Voice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Effect of Endurance Training on Blood Lactate Concentration and Anaerobic Threshold in Bangladeshi Female Handball Athletes

Physical Education Theory and Methodology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 92 - 100

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Background. Endurance training has an essential role in improving the aerobic capacity and postponing onset of exhaustion that can be beneficial to enhancing performance. Handball involves both anaerobic energy systems human body. Therefore, it becomes crucial comprehend how influences physiological variables such as threshold blood lactate concentration. Objectives. The objective this study was examine effect endurance program on concentration Bangladeshi female handball players. Materials methods. A total sixty-four athletes were selected using a purposive random sampling technique. participants randomly divided into two groups: 32 experimental group control group. analyzer, pulse oximeter, treadmill test according Bruce protocol used assess concentration, threshold, resting heart rate, maximum rate. Results. observed significant improvement group, including reduction from 1.72 ± 0.15 mmol/L 1.42 0.12 at post-training phase. Additionally, there increase accumulation 4.51 0.26 4.73 mmol/L, speed 7.0 0.0 km/h 7.49 0.19 km/h. It also noted considerable enhancement for peak due regular participation. Cohen’s d calculated determine size training. An independent t-test revealed substantial differences between groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions. findings indicate

Language: Английский

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Under the Hood: Skeletal Muscle Determinants of Endurance Performance

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Aug. 4, 2021

In the past decades, researchers have extensively studied (elite) athletes' physiological responses to understand how maximize their endurance performance. sports, whole-body measurements such as maximal oxygen consumption, lactate threshold, and efficiency/economy play a key role in Although these determinants are known interact, it has also been demonstrated that athletes rarely excel all three. The leading question is reach exceptional values one or of optimize performance, performance can be explained by (combinations of) underlying determinants. this review, we advance on Joyner Coyle's conceptual framework integrating meta-analysis interrelationships, corresponding effect sizes between its at macroscopic (whole-body) microscopic level (muscle tissue, i.e., muscle fiber oxidative capacity, supply, size, type). Moreover, discuss improved training what potential challenges may face when trying This review highlights integrative assessment skeletal points toward efficient type-I fibers with high mitochondrial capacity strongly encourages well-adjusted capillarization myoglobin concentrations accommodate required flux during especially large fibers. Optimisation requires careful design interventions fine tune modulation exercise intensity, frequency duration, particularly periodisation respect

Language: Английский

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Redox-related biomarkers in physical exercise

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 42, P. 101956 - 101956

Published: March 24, 2021

Research in redox biology of exercise has made considerable advances the last 70 years. Since seminal study George Pake's group calculating content free radicals skeletal muscle resting conditions 1954, many discoveries have been field. The first section this review is devoted to highlight main research findings and fundamental changes discipline. It includes: i) steps radical research, ii) relation between oxidative damage, iii) regulation fatigue, iv) sources during contractions, v) role reactive oxygen species as regulators gene transcription adaptations muscle. In second manuscript, we available biomarkers for assessing health, performance, recovery training overtraining sport population. Among set that could be determined studies deepen on four categories biomarkers: oxidants, antioxidants, oxidation products (markers damage), measurements balance stress). drawbacks, strengths, weaknesses, methodological considerations every biomarker are also discussed.

Language: Английский

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The role of lactate in sepsis and COVID‐19: Perspective from contracting skeletal muscle metabolism

Experimental Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 107(7), P. 665 - 673

Published: May 31, 2021

New Findings What is the topic of this review? Lactate considered an important substrate for mitochondria in muscles, heart and brain during exercise main gluconeogenetic precursor liver kidneys. In light, we review (patho)physiology lactate metabolism sepsis coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). advances does it highlight? Elevated blood strongly associated with mortality septic patients. seems unrelated to tissue hypoxia but likely reflect mitochondrial dysfunction high adrenergic stimulation. Patients severe COVID‐19 exhibit near‐normal lactate, indicating preserved function, despite a systemic hyperinflammatory state similar sepsis. Abstract critically ill patients, elevated plasma often interpreted as sign organ hypoperfusion and/or hypoxia. This view on have been influenced by pioneering physiologists around 1920. August Krogh identified oxygen deficit at onset that was later related ‘debt’ accumulation A. V. Hill. be kidneys submaximal exercise, hepatic elimination attenuated splanchnic vasoconstriction high‐intensity causing exponential increase lactate. With development stable isotope tracers, has become established energy source muscle, tissue, where used respiration. Plasma > 4 mM shock, no direct link between release Herein, provide evidence stimulation explanations sepsis‐induced hyperlactataemia. Despite profound hypoxaemia intense work breathing, patients (COVID‐19) rarely hyperlactataemia (> 2.5 mM), while presenting much like However, dehydrogenase, which controls formation markedly COVID‐19. We briefly potential mechanisms dehydrogenase elevation its relationship based contracting skeletal muscle acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Language: Английский

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